Progress in HighEnergy Physics and Nuclear Safety

366 Pages·2009·3.77 MB·English

by  L. D. Faddeev (auth.)

Progress in High-Energy Physics
and Nuclear Safety
NATO Science for Peace and Security Series
This Series presents the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO
Programme: Science for Peace and Security (SPS).
The NATO SPS Programme supports meetings in the following Key Priority areas: (1)
Defence Against Terrorism; (2) Countering other Threats to Security and (3)NATO, Partner
and Mediterranean Dialogue Country Priorities. The types of meeting supported are
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SPS Series collects together the results of these meetings.The meetings are co-
organized by scientists from NATO countries and scientists from NATO's "Partner" or
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the meetings, as well as the contents of the volumes in the Series, reflect those of parti-
cipants and contributors only;they should not necessarily be regarded as reflecting NATO
views or policy.
Advanced Study Institutes (ASI) are high-level tutorial courses intended to convey the
latest developments in a subject to an advanced-level audience
Advanced Research Workshops (ARW) are expert meetings where an intense but
informal exchange of views at the frontiers of a subject aims at identifying directions for
future action
Following a transformation of the programme in 2006 the Series has been re-named and
re-organised. Recent volumes on topics not related to security, which result from meetings
supported under the programme earlier, may be found in the NATO Science Series.
The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer, Dordrecht, in conjunction
with the NATO Public Diplomacy Division.
Sub-Series
A. Chemistry and Biology Springer
B. Physics and Biophysics Springer
C. Environmental Security Springer
D. Information and Communication Security IOS Press
E. Human and Societal Dynamics IOS Press
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Series B: Physics and Biophysics
Progress in High-Energy Physics
and Nuclear Safety
edited by
Viktor Begun
Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Kiev, Ukraine
La´szlo´ L. Jenkovszky
Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Kiev, Ukraine
and
Aleksander Polan´ski
The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies
Otwock-Swierk, Poland
ABC
Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Safe Nuclear Energy
Yalta, Crimea, Ukraine
27 September – 2 October 2008
Library of Congress Control Number: applied for
ISBN 978-90-481-2286-8 (PB)
ISBN 978-90-481-2285-1 (HB)
ISBN 978-90-481-2287-5 (e-book)
Published by Springer,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands.
www.springer.com
Printed on acid-free paper
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© Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009
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Preface
On September 27 – October 3, 2008 the NATO Advanced Research Workshop
(ARW) on progress in high-energy physics and nuclear safety was held in Yalta,
Crimea (see: http://crimea.bitp.kiev.ua and http://arw.bitp.kiev.ua). Nearly 50
leading experts in high-energy and nuclear physics from Eastern and Western
EuropeaswellasfromNorthAmericaparticipatedattheWorkshop.
The topics of the ARW covered recent results of theoretical and experimental
studies in high-energy physics, accelerator, detection and nuclear technologies, as
wellasproblemsofnuclearsafetyinhigh-energyexperimentationandinnuclearin-
dustry.TheforthcomingexperimentsattheLargeHadronCollider(LHC)atCERN
andcosmic-rayexperimentswereamongthetopicsoftheARW.
An important aspect of the Workshop was the scientific collaboration between
nuclearphysicistsfromEastandWest,especiallyinthefieldofnuclearsafety.
ThepresentbookcontainsaselectionofinvitedtalkspresentedattheARW.The
papersaregroupedintwoparts.
Part Icontains originalpapers ontheprogress inhigh-energy physics –theory,
phenomenologyandexperiment.ThePartopenswithtwopapersbyprominentRus-
sian theorists, members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, L.D. Faddeev and
A.A. Slavnov, known for their classical works in quantum field theory and, more
generally, in mathematical physics. One of them – Ludwig Faddeev – winner of
many prestigious prizes, was also awarded (shared with Vladimir Arnold) by the
2008 Shaw prize for his widespread and influential contributions to mathematical
physics.
The subsequent papers of Part I, ordered alphabetically by the author name
of presentation, cover most of the current high-energy experiments, thus giving a
panoramaofthepresentstateofthehigh-energyparticleandnuclearphysics.The
roleof,andtheneedfortheHiggsparticleinthestandardtheoryofthemicro-world
is the frontier of modern physics. Possible explanations of its non-observation are
widelypresentedinthetheoreticalandexperimentalpapersofPartI.Amongother
topics is high-energy diffraction – a familiar but still enigmatic phenomenon ob-
served at largest accelerator of particles and nuclei. Recently it was realized that
diffraction can produce a glue-rich environment (“glue” comes from “gluon” – an
v
vi Preface
elementaryfieldinquantumchromo-dynamics),favoringtheproductionanddetec-
tion of new particles, such as Higgs, magnetic monopoles or super-partners of the
knownparticles.
Thechancestocreateamini-blackholeinanacceleratorexperiment,e.g.atthe
LHCanditssafetyaspects,i.e.itsimpactontheenvironment,oftenexaggeratedby
themassmedia,arealsoanalyzedinthebook.Ontheotherhand,theprospectsto
createanewphaseofthehotanddensenuclearmatter(quark-gluonplasma,super-
fluid nuclear matter etc.) in high-energy heavy-ion collisions are more promising.
Thediagnosticofrelevantsignalsisakeyissueinthisfield.
Part II contains papers on various aspects of nuclear energy safety. This Part
opens with a paper by a leading Ukrainian expert, chairman of the nuclear
physics department of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, academician
I.M.Neklyudovandhiscollaborators,ontheprogressindevelopingnewradiation-
resistant materials for the present and future nuclear reactors. It is followed by an
interestingproposalbyS.TaczanowskifromPolandtousecoal-nuclearsymbiotic
methodsofenergyproduction.InanotherpaperfromUkraine,newandsafenuclear
reactor designs, including the so-called slowly-burning (Feoktistov) reactor, are
presented, contrasting the background of the Chernobyl disaster and its lessons.
Morepapersdealwithrecentprogressinnuclearsafety.
The original color of the figures presented in the book can be recovered in
the electronic version of the relevant presentations, by opening http://crimea.bitp.
kiev.ua/,thenclicking“Presentations”.
We thank the participants of this Workshop for their invaluable contributions.
WearegratefultoourtechnicaleditorLyubaShmagailoforherhighlyprofessional
performanceinpreparingthecamera-readyversionofthisbook.TheARWandthe
presentpublicationweresupportedbytheNATOSPSProgram,grantNo983265.
ViktorBegun
La´szlo´ L.Jenkovszky
AleksanderPolan´ski
Contents
Preface............................................................ v
PartI ProgressinHigh-EnergyPhysics
AnAlternativeInterpretationoftheWeinberg–SalamModel .......... 3
L.D.Faddeev
References..................................................... 8
ALorentzInvariantGaugefortheYang–MillsFieldWithoutGribov
Ambiguity ..................................................... 9
A.A.Slavnov
1 Introduction.............................................. 9
2 Themodel ............................................... 10
3 AnunambiguousLorentzcovariantgaugewithgaugeinvariant
ghostinteraction .......................................... 14
4 Discussion ............................................... 16
References..................................................... 17
PhenomenologyoftheHeavyFlavoredSpin3/2BaryonsinLight
ConeQCD ..................................................... 19
T.M.Aliev,K.Azizi,andA.Ozpineci
1 Introduction.............................................. 19
2 LightconeQCDsumrulesforthemassandmagneticmoments
oftheheavyflavoredbaryons ............................... 20
3 Numericalanalysis ........................................ 23
References..................................................... 29
FirstDAMA/LIBRAResultsandBeyond ........................... 31
R.Bernabei,P.Belli,F.Montecchia,F.Nozzoli,F.Cappella,A.d’Angelo,
A. Incicchitti, D. Prosperi, R. Cerulli, C.J. Dai, H.L. He, H.H. Kuang,
J.M.Ma,X.D.Sheng,andZ.P.Ye
1 TheDAMAproject........................................ 31
2 DMmodelindependentannualmodulationsignature ........... 32
vii
viii Contents
3 DAMA/LIBRA:Firstresults................................ 33
4 Oncorollaryquestsandcomparisons......................... 39
5 Towardthefuture ......................................... 41
6 Conclusions.............................................. 44
References..................................................... 44
(cid:2)
IssuesofReggeizationinqq BackwardScattering .................... 47
M.V.Bondarenco
1 Introduction.............................................. 47
2 Theoriginofenhancements................................. 49
2.1 Loopstructure.Collinearvs.infra-redlargelogarithms .. 50
2.2 TheFeynmandiagramtopology ..................... 52
2.3 Classicalinterpretation ............................. 52
3 Numerators .............................................. 53
3.1 Spinfactors ...................................... 53
3.2 Colormatrixfactor ................................ 55
4 LoopintegralsinDLLA.................................... 56
4.1 One-loopintegralreduction.Wave-functioninterpretation 56
4.2 All-ordertreatment ................................ 57
5 Discussionandsummary ................................... 60
References..................................................... 60
ππScattering Length Measurements from Ke4 and K± →π±π0π0
DecaysatNA48/2 ............................................... 63
F.Bucci
1 Introduction.............................................. 63
2 Experimentalsetup........................................ 64
3 TheK decay ............................................ 64
e4
3.1 Formalism ....................................... 64
3.2 Selectionandfittingprocedure ...................... 65
3.3 Results .......................................... 66
4 TheK±→π±π0π0decay .................................. 67
4.1 Thecuspeffect ................................... 67
4.2 Selectionandfittingprocedure ...................... 68
4.3 Results .......................................... 69
5 Comparisonandconclusions................................ 69
References..................................................... 70
MeasurementoftheProton-Longitudinal-StructureFunctionF
L
atHERA....................................................... 71
G.W.Buschhorn
1 Deepinelasticelectron–protonscatteringandtheprotonstructure. 71
2 TheHERAcolliderandtheH1-andZEUS-detector ............ 73
3 F MeasurementsatHERA ................................. 74
L
4 Partondistributionfunctions ................................ 77
References..................................................... 79
Contents ix
CuoricinoResultsandPerspectivesforCUORE...................... 81
M.A.Carrettoni
1 Introduction.............................................. 81
2 Cuoricino................................................ 82
2.1 Results .......................................... 83
2.2 Backgroundanalysis............................... 84
3 CUORE ................................................. 84
3.1 R&Dforbackgroundreduction...................... 85
4 Conclusions.............................................. 87
References..................................................... 87
OPERAExperiment–StatusReport ............................... 89
A.Chukanov
1 Introduction.............................................. 89
2 Detectoroverview......................................... 90
3 TheCNGSbeam.......................................... 92
4 Conclusion............................................... 94
References..................................................... 94
PreciseMeasurementoftheπ+→e+νBranchingRatio............... 97
E.Frlezˇ,L.P.Alonzi,V.A.Baranov,W.Bertl,M.Bychkov,Yu.M.Bystritsky,
N.V. Khomutov, A.S. Korenchenko, S.M. Korenchenko, M. Korolija,
T.Kozlowski,N.P.Kravchuk,N.A.Kuchinsky,D.Mekterovic´,D.Mzhavia,
A.Palladino,D.Pocˇanic´,P.Robmann,A.M.Rozhdestvensky,V.V.Sidorkin,
U.Straumann,I.Supek,P.Truo¨l,A.vanderSchaaf,E.P.Velicheva,
andV.V.Volnykh
1 Introduction.............................................. 98
2 Experimentalapparatus .................................... 98
3 Experimentalmethod ......................................100
4 Preliminaryresults ........................................101
5 Conclusionandfutureplans ................................102
References.....................................................105
PerformancesoftheCMSTracker ................................. 107
Ch.Genta
1 Introduction..............................................107
2 TheCMStracker..........................................108
2.1 Thesiliconpixeldetector ...........................108
2.2 Thesiliconstripdetector ...........................109
2.3 Trackermaterialbudget ............................110
3 Trackerintegrationfacility..................................111
3.1 Noiseperformances................................112
3.2 Signal-to-noiseperformances........................112
3.3 Hitefficiency .....................................112
3.4 Trackefficiency...................................114
3.5 Alignment .......................................114
x Contents
4 Theglobalrun............................................115
5 Conclusions..............................................116
References.....................................................116
NuclearTrackDetectors.SearchesforExoticParticles ................ 117
G.GiacomelliandV.Togo
1 Introduction..............................................117
2 Experimental.Calibrations .................................119
3 Fragmentationcrosssections................................121
4 Searchesformagneticmonopoles............................121
5 Searchesfornuclearites,strangelets,Q-balls...................123
6 Conclusions.Outlook......................................126
References.....................................................127
TheANTARESNeutrinoTelescope ................................ 129
G.Giacomelli
1 Introduction..............................................129
2 TheANTARESexperiment.................................131
3 Preliminaryresults ........................................132
4 Conclusions..............................................134
References.....................................................136
HSD Transport Model as a Tool for Studying Fluctuations
inNucleus-NucleusCollisions ..................................... 139
V.P.Konchakovski
1 Introduction..............................................139
2 Fluctuationsinthenumberofparticipants.....................140
3 Energy dependence of multiplicity fluctuations
inN+NandcentralA+A ...................................141
4 Multiplicityfluctuations:energyandsystemsizedependence.....142
5 Summary ................................................145
References.....................................................146
FirstResultsontheInteractionsofRelativistic9CNucleiinNuclear
TrackEmulsion................................................. 149
D.O. Krivenkov, D.A. Artemenkov, V. Bradnova, M. Haiduc,
S.P. Kharlamov, V.N. Kondratieva, A.I. Malakhov, A.A. Moiseenko,
G.I. Orlova, N.G. Peresadko, N.G. Polukhina, P.A. Rukoyatkin,
V.V.Rusakova,V.R.Sarkisyan,R.Stanoeva,T.V.Shchedrina,S.Voka´l,
P.I.Zarubin,andI.G.Zarubina
1 Introduction..............................................149
2 Experiment ..............................................150
3 Fragmentchargedconfigurations ............................152
4 Searchfor33Heevents.....................................154
5 Conclusions..............................................156
References.....................................................156