Principles of Turbomachinery in Air-Breathing Engines (Cambridge Aerospace Series)

599 Pages·2006·50.95 MB·English

by  Erian A. Baskharone

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PRINCIPLESOFTURBOMACHINERYINAIR-BREATHINGENGINES
Thisbookisintendedforadvancedundergraduateandgraduatestudentsinme-
chanicalandaerospaceengineeringtakingacoursecommonlycalledPrinciples
of Turbomachinery and Aerospace Propulsion. The book begins with a review
ofbasicthermodynamicsandfluidmechanicsprinciplestomotivatetheirappli-
cationtoaerothermodynamicsandreal-lifedesignissues.Thisapproachisideal
for the reader who will face practical situations and design decisions in the gas
turbineindustry.Amongthefeaturesofthebookare:
(cid:2)
anemphasisontheroleofentropyintheprocessofperformanceassessment;
(cid:2)
atimelyreviewofdifferentflowstructures;
(cid:2)
revisitingthesubsonicandsupersonicDeLavalnozzleasitappliestobladed
turbomachinerycomponents;
(cid:2)
anappliedreviewoftheboundarylayerprinciples;and
(cid:2)
highlightingtheimportanceofinvariantpropertiesacrossaturbomachinery
componentincarryingoutrealcomputationaltasks.
The text is fully supported by 398 figures, numerous examples, and homework
problems.
Dr.ErianA.BaskharonejoinedTexasA&MUniversityin1985,wherehewas
tenuredasAssociateProfessorofMechanicalandAerospaceEngineering,and
afacultymemberoftheRotordynamics/TurbomachineryLaboratory.Uponre-
ceiving his Ph.D. at the University of Cincinnati, he was appointed as Senior
EngineerwithAllied-SignalAerospaceCorporation,responsiblefortheaerother-
modynamic design of various turbofan and turboprop engine components. His
researchatTexasA&MUniversitycoveredawiderangeofturbomachinerytop-
ics, including the unsteady stator/rotor flow interaction, and the fluid-induced
vibration of the Space Shuttle Main Engine turbopumps. His perturbation ap-
proachtotheproblemoffluid-inducedvibrationwasasignificantbreakthrough.
Dr.BaskharoneisamemberoftheASMETurbomachineryExecutiveCommit-
tee.HeistherecipientoftheGeneralDynamicsAwardofExcellenceinEngi-
neering Teaching (1991), and the Amoco Foundation Award for Distinguished
Teaching(1992).
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CambridgeAerospaceSeries
Editors
WeiShyy
and
MichaelJ.Rycroft
1. J.M.RolfeandK.J.Staples(eds.):FlightSimulation
2. P.Berlin:TheGeostationaryApplicationsSatellite
3. M.J.T.Smith:AircraftNoise
4. N.X.Vinh:FlightMechanicsofHigh-PerformanceAircraft
5. W.A.MairandD.L.Birdsall:AircraftPerformance
6. M.J.AbzugandE.E.Larrabee:AirplaneStabilityandControl
7. M.J.Sidi:SpacecraftDynamicsandControl
8. J.D.Anderson:AHistoryofAerodynamics
9. A.M.Cruise,J.A.Bowles,C.V.Goodall,andT.J.Patrick:PrinciplesofSpace
InstrumentDesign
10. G.A.KhouryandJ.D.Gillett(eds.):AirshipTechnology
11. J.Fielding:IntroductiontoAircraftDesign
12. J.G.Leishman:PrinciplesofHelicopterDynamics
13. J.KatzandA.Plotkin:LowSpeedAerodynamics,2ndEdition
14. M.J.AbzugandE.E.Larrabee:AirplaneStabilityandControl:AHistoryofthe
TechnologiesthatmadeAviationPossible,2ndEdition
15. D.H.HodgesandG.A.Pierce:IntroductiontoStructuralDynamicsand
Aeroelasticity
16. W.Fehse:AutomaticRendezvousandDockingofSpacecraft
17. R.D.Flack:FundamentalsofJetPropulsionwithApplications
18. J.G.Leishman:PrinciplesofHelicopterDynamics,2ndEdition
19. E.A.Baskharone:PrinciplesofTurbomachineryinAir-BreathingEngines
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Principles of
Turbomachinery in
Air-Breathing Engines
ERIAN A. BASKHARONE
Texas A&M University
v
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cambridgeuniversitypress
Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore,SãoPaulo
CambridgeUniversityPress
32AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,NY10013-2473,USA
www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521858106
(cid:2)C ErianA.Baskharone2006
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout
thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2006
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData
Baskharone,ErianA.,1947–
Principlesofturbomachineryinair-breathingengines/ErianA.
Baskharone.
p. cm.–(Cambridgeaerospaceseries;19)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN-13:978-0-521-85810-6(hardback)
ISBN-10:0-521-85810-0(hardback)
1.Gas-turbines. 2.Turbomachines. I.Title. II.Series.
TJ778.B33 2006
621.43(cid:3)3–dc22 2005031259
ISBN-13 978-0-521-85810-6hardback
ISBN-10 0-521-85810-0hardback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityfor
thepersistenceoraccuracyofURLsforexternalor
third-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhispublication
anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch
Websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate.
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To
Magda
Daniel
Christian
Richard
and
Robert
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Contents
Preface pagexv
1 IntroductiontoGas-TurbineEngines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Definition 1
AdvantagesofGas-TurbineEngines 1
ApplicationsofGas-TurbineEngines 3
TheGasGenerator 3
AirIntakeandInletFlowPassage 3
Engine-ExhaustComponent 4
MultispoolEngineArrangements 6
ThermodynamicCycleinaSingle-CombustorEngine 6
ImportanceofMetallurgicalProgress 7
2 OverviewofTurbomachineryNomenclature. . . . . . . . . . . .9
DefinitionofaTurbomachine 9
GeneralClassificationofTurbomachines 10
StageDefinition 15
CoordinateSystem 16
VelocityDiagrams 17
MultipleStaging 20
ViscosityandCompressibilityFactors 22
Stator/RotorInteraction 25
3 AerothermodynamicsofTurbomachines
andDesign-RelatedTopics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
AssumptionsandLimitations 26
Energy-ConservationLaw 29
IntroductionofTotalProperties 29
IdealGasasaWorkingMedium 29
Entropy-BasedLossCoefficient 36
ix