Table Of ContentPrinciples of
CRITICAL
CARE
SECOND EDITION
COMPANION HANDBOOK
NOTICE
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Copyright 1999, 1993McGraw-Hili Inc. ClickHereforTermsofUse.
Principles of
CRITICAL
CARE
SECOND EDITION
COMPANION HANDBOOK
I
JESSE B. HALL, M.D.
GREGORY A. SCHMIDT, M.D.
LAWRENCE D. H. WOOD, M.D., Ph.D.
SectionofPulmonaryand Critical Care Medicine
University ofChicago
Chicago, Illinois
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DOl:10.1036/0071380736
To the mony students
who have inspired
our teaching
to ourwivesfor their
limitless patience,and
to Cora Taylor, oursecretary,
whoseskill, efficiency,and spirit
eam ourgratitudedaily
Thispageintentionallyleft blank.
2/23/99 vii
CONTENTS
Contributors xiii
Preface xv
I. Normal BloodGasand Respiratory
GasExchangeValues xvii
11. Respiratory Parameters
XVi]
TIl. Respiratory GasTransport Xl ,
IV. Circulatory Parameters I
+ and Calculations XXi
I
v.
The InternalMilieu xxi
VI. TheCentralNervousSystem xxii
SEVERITY-OF-ILLNESSSCORING SYSTEMS
2 CARDIOPULMONARYRESUSCITATION 11
3 VASCULARCANNULATION 21
4 FLUIDTHERAPYAND BLOODPRODUCTS 39
5 VASOACTIVE DRUGS 47
6 MJNIMIZING COMPLICATIONSOF
CRITICALCARE 57
7 NUTRITIONINTHEINTENSIVECARE UNIT 75
8 SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORYRESPONSE
SYNDROME 85
9 PAINCONTROL,SEDATION,AND USE OF
MUSCLERELAXANTS 101
vii
Copyright 1999, 1993McGraw-HillInc. ClickHereforTermsofUse.
viii CONTEJ\ITS
10 OVERVIEW OF RESPIRATORYFAILURE 113
11 AIRWAY MANAGEMENTAND
TRACHEOSTOMY 125
12 MONITORINGOFTHERESPIRATORY
SYSTEM 137
13 MECHANICALVENTILATORS 151
14 NONINVASIVE VENTILATION 163
15 ACUTE HYPOXEMIC RESPIRATORY
FAILURE 1691
16 VENTILATOR-INDUCEDLUNG INJURY 189
17 ACUTE-ON-CHRONICRESPIRATORY
FAILURE 19~
18 STATUSASTHMATICUS 207
19 NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASESLEADING
TO RESPIRATORY FAILURE 221
20 MASSIVE HEMOPTYSISAND DIFFUSE
ALVEOLAR HEMORRHAGE 235
21 PLEURALDISEASESANDCHESTTUBES 239
22 LlBERATION FROM MECHANICAL
VENTILATION 249
23 SHOCK 263
24 HYPOVOLEMICSHOCK 285
25 SEPTIC SHOCK 293
26 ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASEAND
THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY 313
27 VENTRICULARDYSFUNCTIONIN
CRITICALILLNESS 333
11:49 PM rfIjge ix
\T
CONTENTS ix
28 RHYTHMDISTURBANCES,PACING,AND
CARDIOVERSION 351
29 ACUTERIGHT HEARTSYNDROMESAND
PULMONARYEMBOLISM 371
30 PERICARDIALDISEASE 393
31 VALVULARHEART DISEASE 403
32 HYPERTENSIVECRISIS 413
33 AORTIC DISSECTION 419
34 PULMONARYARTERYCATHETERIZATION
ANDINTERPRETATION 425
35 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 445
I
36 APPROACH TOSEPSISOFUNKNOWN
t
ORIGIN 451
37 AIDSINTHEINTENSIVECAREUNIT 463
38 INFECTIOUSCOMPLICATIONSOF
INTRAVASCULARACCESS DEVICES 483
39 PNEUMONIA 489
40 ENDOCARDITISANDOTHER
INTRAVASCULARINFECTIONSINTHE
CRITICALLYILL 513
41 INFECTIONSOFTHECENTRAL
NERVOUSSYSTEM 529
42 INFECTIONSOFTHE HEADAND NECK 545
43 THEACUTEABDOMEN AND
INTRAABDOMINALSEPSIS 559
44 URINARYTRACTINFECTIONS 567
45 MISCELLANEOUSINFECTIONS 571
