Practitioner's Guide to Using Research for Evidence-Based Practice

386 Pages·2012·1.652 MB·English

by  Allen Rubin, Jennifer Bellamy

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Practitioner’s Guide
to Using Research
(cid:2)
for Evidence-Based Practice
Second Edition
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Practitioner’s Guide
to Using Research
(cid:2)
for Evidence-Based Practice
Second Edition
Allen Rubin and Jennifer Bellamy
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Cover image: © Anja Hild/iStockphoto, Tolga TEZCAN/iStockphoto
Cover design: David Riedy
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Copyright © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Rubin, Allen.
Practitioner’s guide to using research for evidence-based practice / Allen Rubin and Jennifer Bellamy. — 2nd ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-118-13671-3 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN 978-1-118-26341-9 (ebk)
ISBN 978-1-118-23880-6 (ebk)
ISBN 978-1-118-22532-5 (ebk)
I. Bellamy, Jennifer. II. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Evidence-Based Practice. 2. Psychotherapy. 3. Evaluation Studies as Topic. 4. Outcome and Process
Assessment (Health Care)  WM 420]
616.89'140072—dc23
2012009222
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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To human service practitioners, whose compassion and
professionalism spur them to persevere, despite limited support,
to seek and critically appraise research evidence so that they
can maximize the chances that their efforts will be
effective in helping people in need.
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(cid:2)
Contents
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xxi
About the Authors xxiii
PART I: Overview of Evidence-Based Practice
Chapter 1 Introduction to Evidence-Based Practice 3
Emergence of Evidence-Based Practice 5
Defi ning Evidence-Based Practice 6
Types of EBP Questions 7
Evidence-Based Practice Is Not Restricted to Clinical Decisions 17
Developing an Evidence-Based Practice Process Outlook 17
Easier Said Than Done 23
Key Chapter Concepts 25
Review Exercises 26
Additional Readings 27
Chapter 2 Steps in the EBP Process 28
Step 1: Question Formulation 29
Step 2: Evidence Search 30
Step 3: Critically Appraising Studies and Reviews 38
Step 4: Selecting and Implementing the Intervention 40
Step 5: Monitor Client Progress 43
Feasibility Constraints 44
Key Chapter Concepts 47
Review Exercises 48
Additional Readings 49
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viii Contents
Chapter 3 Research Hierarchies: Which Types of Research Are
Best for Which Questions? 50
More Than One Type of Hierarchy for More Than One
Type of EBP Question 51
Qualitative and Quantitative Studies 53
What Types of Research Designs Apply to What Types of
EBP Questions? 54
Key Chapter Concepts 65
Review Exercises 67
Additional Readings 67
PART II: Critically Appraising Studies for EBP Questions About
Intervention Effectiveness
Chapter 4 Criteria for Inferring Effectiveness: How Do
We Know What Works? 71
Internal Validity 72
Measurement Issues 78
Statistical Chance 83
External Validity 88
Synopses of Research Studies 90
Key Chapter Concepts 95
Review Exercises 96
Exercise for Critically Appraising Published Articles 97
Additional Readings 98
Chapter 5 Critically Appraising Experiments 99
Classic Pretest–Posttest Control Group Design 100
Posttest-Only Control Group Design 102
Solomon Four-Group Design 103
Alternative Treatment Designs 104
Dismantling Designs 106
Placebo Control Group Designs 107
Experimental Demand and Experimenter Expectancies 109
Obtrusive Versus Unobtrusive Observation 110
Compensatory Equalization and Compensatory Rivalry 111
Resentful Demoralization 111
Treatment Diffusion 112
Treatment Fidelity 113
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