Practical Navigation for the Modern Boat Owner

12.7 MB·English

by  Pat Manley

Practical Navigation for
the Modern Boat Owner
PAT MANLEY

Practical Navigation for
the Modern Boat Owner

Practical Navigation for
the Modern Boat Owner
PAT MANLEY
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester,
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Manley, Pat.
Practical navigation for the modern boat owner / Pat Manley.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-470-51613-3 (cloth : alk. paper)
1. Navigation–Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Global Positioning
System–Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title.
VK555.M267 2008
623.89–dc22
2008003730
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN-13: 978-0-470-51613-3 (HB)
Typeset in 10/12 Futura by Thomson Digital, Noida, India
Printed and bound in Italy by Printer Trento, Trento
Contents
Contents
Cover Points xi
Foreword xiii
Introduction xv
1 The Global Positioning System 1
How Your GPS Receiver Tells You Which Satellites It Can See 2
How GPS Works 3
Accuracy of the Fix 4
GPS Blackout 5
Deliberate Interference 5
GPS Is Line of Sight 5
Selective Availability 6
Differential GPS 6
Wide Area Augmentation Service 6
Switch-On Delays 7
Measurement of Speed 8
Measurement of Course 8
Measurement of Heading 9
Errors in COG and SOG 9
2 Our Address on the Earth’s Surface 11
The Equator 12
Latitude 12
v
Greenwich Meridian 12
Longitude 12
Our Address 13
International Date Line 13
Measurement of Latitude and Longitude 13
Distance and Direction 14
Direction 16
The Flat Earth 19
The Spherical Earth and ‘Map Data’ 20
Chart Errors 22
Chart Scale 24
Measuring Latitude and Longitude 25
Chart Symbols 26
3 The Magnetic Compass 29
The Earth’s Magnetic Field 30
Steering Compasses 30
Compass Deviation 31
Compass Correction 31
DIY Compass ‘Swing’ 31
Fluxgate Compasses 33
4 Constructing a Route 35
Using Second-Hand Waypoints 36
Loading the Route into the GPS 38
Constructing a Route on an Electronic Chartplotter or PC 38
5 Tides 39
Tidal Heights 39
Tidal Flow 50
Finding the Value of the Tidal Flow 52
6 Boat Speed 57
Speed over the Ground 57
Speed Through the Water 58
Measuring Speed Through the Water 58
Log Errors 58
vi
Contents
7 Depth Sounders 61
How They Work 62
Depth Units 62
Calibration 62
Depth Alarms 63
False Echoes 63
Fishfi nders 63
8 Finding Position 65
GPS 65
Other Methods 66
Position Lines 67
Fixing Your Position Using Position Lines 69
Errors in Position Lines 70
How Far Can You See? 71
When All Else Fails 72
Chartplotters 73
9 Passage Planning 77
Overview 78
Detailed Plan 79
Just Prior to Departure 80
Passage Planning – Procedure 81
Preplan 81
For the Planned Day of Departure 81
Passage Making 81
Passage Grid 86
Approach ‘Spider’s Web’ 86
Compass Rose as a Waypoint 87
Unmarked Danger as a Waypoint 88
Clearing Bearing 88
10 Pilotage 89
Who Does the Piloting? 90
Means of Pilotage 90
International System of Buoyage 90
vii
International Buoyage – All Areas 92
Planning 97
The Basics of Preparing a Pilot Plan 97
Making a Pilotage Plan 98
Working as a Team 101
11 Automatic Identifi cation System 103
What is Automatic Identifi cation System? 104
How Does AIS Work? 104
Class A AIS 104
Class B AIS 104
AIS Displays 105
The AIS Display on a Chartplotter 106
AIS Class B Transceiver 107
12 Radar 109
How Radar Works 110
Navigation Using Radar 113
Pilotage Using Radar 114
Radar Overlay on a Chart Plotter 121
Setting up Your Radar 121
Radar Used for Collision Avoidance 122
13 Autopilots 125
Types of Autopilot 125
Using the Autopilot 126
14 Personal Computers 129
What Type of PC 130
What Make of Chart-Plotting Software? 130
What Type of Electronic Charts? 131
Electronic Charts for PC Based Chartplotters 132
Selecting the Software 133
Constructing a Route 134
Sailing Yacht Route Planning 135
viii