Power Flow Problems Requiring Phase Angle Regulator Adjustments PAR Tap Information

155 Pages·2014·5.46 MB·English

Disclaimer
• This training presentation is provided as a reference for
preparing for the PJM Certification Exam.
• Note that the following information may not reflect
current PJM rules and operating procedures.
• For current training material, please visit:
http://pjm.com/training/training-material.aspx

PJM©2014
Maintaining System Security
TO3
Interconnection Training Program
PJM State & Member Training Dept.

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Agenda
• Situations Requiring Power Adjustments
– TO3-1
• Contingency Analysis
– TO3-2A
• Post-Contingency Response
– TO3-2B
• Power Control Using Adjustments in Generation
– TO3-3A
• Power Control Using Phase Angle Regulators
– TO3-3B
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Module Objectives
• Given an area of the PJM system, system limits and a
set of conditions, determine situations that are in
violation of PJM operating criteria.
• Suggest applicable methods to correct the problems.
• Utilizing system security programs, analyze and
determine the necessity of corrective action for
equipment of areas that are in violation of limits.
• Recommend appropriate corrective procedures.
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Situations Requiring Power Adjustments
TO3-1
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Module Objectives
• State the major concerns of the system operator with
respect to power flow in the system including:
– Equipment and line ratings
– Reactive transfer limits
– System stability and reliability
• List the types of flow problems that may occur and
describe the effect of each on power flow in the
system for various system events.
• Correctly prioritize reliability violations
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Module Objectives
• Given simulated power flow data for a simplified
power system, identify flow problems, including a
violation of system limits and possible approach to
limits.
• Given a simplified power system with power flow
limits and a set of operating conditions, respond to a
simulated flow problem event by:
– predicting the effect of the event on the system
– recognizing flow problems
– identifying flow problems which require operator action
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Review of Power Flow Concepts
• Power Balance in the System
– Power generated (MW) = Power required (MW) Load
+ Losses
– VAR Sources = VAR Loads (sink)
• Power Flow Through the System
– Power (MW) flows “downhill” on voltage phase angle
– Reactive (MVAR) flows “downhill” on voltage (high to low
voltage)
– Reactive power flow causes large voltage drop
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Review of Power Flow Concepts
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Review of Power Flow Concepts
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