Power Electronics, Third Edition

495 Pages·1993·15.815 MB·English

by  Cyril W. Lander

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Power Electronics
Third Edition
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Power Electronics
Third Edition
Cyril W. Lander
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering
De Montfort University
Leicester
The McGraw-Hili Companies
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Published by
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Lander, Cyril W.
Power Electronics. - 3Rev. ed
I. Title
621.38152
ISBN 0-07-707714-8
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Lander, Cyril W.
Power electronics / Cyril W. Lander. - 3rd ed.
p. em.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-07-707714-8
I. Power electronics.
TK7881.15.L36
McGraw-Hill
Copyright Ii:)1981, 1987, 1993 McGraw-Hili International (UK) Limited. All rights reserved. No
part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any
fonn or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the
prior permission of McGraw-Hili International (UK) Limited.
56 78BB 54 32 1
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
Marston Book Services Limited, Oxford
Printed on pennanent paper in compliance with ISO Standard 9706
CONTENTS
Preface IX
Preface to the Second Edition XI
Preface to theThirdEdition Xl1l
Chapter 1. Rectifying
1
1-1 The diode
3
1-2 The thyristor
6
1-2-1 Thyristor
8
1-2-2
9
1-2-3 Typical
12
1-2-4 Control
12
1-3 The triac
13
1-4 Gate turn-off
16
1-5 The power
20
1-6 Power MOSFET
22
1-7 Insulated gate
24
1-8 Other devices
24
1-9 Ratings
26
1-10 Losses and
30
1-11 Device
32
1-12 Worked
42
Chapter2. Rectifying
42
2-1 Circuit nomenclature
43
2-2 Commutating diode
43
2-3 Single-phase half-wave (or single-way)
47
2-4 Bi-phase half-wave (or single-way)
50
2-5 Single-phase bridge (or double-way)
50
2-5-1 Uncontrolled
50
2-5-2 Fully-controlled
53
2-5-3 Half-controlled
55
2-6 Three-phase half-wave (or single-way)
60
2-7 Six-phase half-wave (or single-way)
65
2-8 Three-phase bridge (or double-way)
71
2-9 Twelve-pulse circuits
v
vi CONTENTS
2-10 Transformer rating 73
2-11 Summary 74
2-12 Worked examples 74
Chapter 3. Converter Operation 99
3-1 Overlap 99
3-2 Power factor 106
3-3 Inversion 107
3-4 Regulation 111
3-5 Equations for p-pulse converter 112
3-6 Power factor control via PWM converters 114
3-7 Worked examples 120
Chapter 4. D.C. Line 141
4-1 Parallel 142
4-2 Resonant turn-off 146
4-3 Coupled pulse 151
4-4 Commutation by 155
4-5 Summary with 162
4-6 Worked examples 164
Chapter 5. Frequency 181
5-1 Cycloconverter 181
5-1-1 Principle 181
5-1-2 Blocked 184
5-1-3 Circulating 191
5-1-4 Control 194
5-2 Envelope 196
5-3 Single-phase 198
5-4 Single-phase 201
5-5 Three-phase 207
5-6 Constant-voltage source inverters 213
5-7 Inverter reverse power flow 216
5-8 Constant-current source inverter 216
5-9 Worked examples 221
Chapter 6. Some Applications 242
6-1 ContacLor 242
6-2 Heating 243
6-3 Voltage regulation 253
6-4 Voltage multipliers 255
6-5 Standby inverters 256
CONTENTS vii
6-6 Parallel connections 257
6-7 Series connections 259
6-8 Electrochemical 261
6-9 HVDC transmission 265
6-10 Switched mode power supplies 267
6-11 Resonant converters 273
6-12 Worked examples 277
Chapter 7. Harmonics 295
7-1 Harmonic analysis 295
7-2 Load aspects 297
7-3 Supply aspects 299
7-4 302
303
304
305
306
7-5 306
7-6 311
7-7 312
335
8-1 335
8-2 338
8-3 343
8-4 349
8-5 355
8-6 359
8-7 360
378
9-1 378
378
9-1-2 382
9-1-3 Slip-ring induction motor 389
9-2 Motor speed control by voltage regulation 390
9-3 Constant-voltage inverter drives 392
9-4 Constant-current inverter drives 402
9-5 Motor speed control via the cyc1oconverter 406
9-6 Transistorized inverter drives 406
9-7 Vector control 409
9-8 Slip-ring induction motor control 412
9-9 Brushless synchronous machines 416
viii CONTENTS
9-10 Inverter-fed synchronous motor drives 418
9-11 Reluctance and stepper motor drives 421
9-12 Drive considerations 425
9-13 Worked examples 428
Chapter10. Protection 438
10-1 Current 438
10-2 Voltage 442
10-3 Gate turn-off thyristor and MOSFET 447
10-4 Reduction of switching losses using snubbers 448
10-5 Worked examples 450
454
458
459
467
468
Index 475
PREFACE
The application of semiconductor devices in the electric power field has been
steadily increasing, and a study of power electronics (as it is commonly called)
is now a feature of most electrical and electronic engineering courses.
The power semiconductor devices, such as the diode, thyristor, triac, and
power transistor, are used in power applications as switching devices. The
development oftheory and application reliesheavily on waveforms and transient
other
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It to
reinforce the understanding ofthe subject, and to this end 167worked examples
have been included. It is suggested that initially readers attempt the worked
examples without reference to the solution, as this will identify gaps in their
knowledge. Much ofthe routine arithmetic has been omitted from the solutions,
as this should be within the competence ofreaders to solve. Allthe mathematical
work in the solutions has been carried out with the aid of an electronic hand
calculator. All the worked examples and problems have been devised by the
author.
The order ofthe chapters isthat in which the author has taught the subject
to final-year BSc students, although it is recognized that protection may well
ix