Phytochemistry of Piper betle Landraces

95 Pages·2020·2.97 MB·\95

by  Vikas Bajpai (Author), Nikhil Kumar (Author), Brijesh Kumar (Author)

Phytochemistry of
Piper betle Landraces
Phytochemical Investigations of
Medicinal Plants
Series Editor:
Brijesh Kumar
Phytochemistry of Plants of Genus Phyllanthus
Brijesh Kumar, Sunil Kumar and K. P. Madhusudanan
Phytochemistry of Plants of Genus Ocimum
Brijesh Kumar, Vikas Bajpai, Surabhi Tiwari and Renu Pandey
Phytochemistry of Plants of Genus Piper
Brijesh Kumar, Surabhi Tiwari, Vikas Bajpai and Bikarma Singh
Phytochemistry of Tinospora cordifolia
Brijesh Kumar, Vikas Bajpai and Nikhil Kumar
Phytochemistry of Plants of Genus Rauvolfia
Brijesh Kumar, Sunil Kumar, Vikas Bajpai and K. P. Madhusudanan
Phytochemistry of Piper betle Landraces
Vikas Bajpai, Nikhil Kumar and Brijesh Kumar
For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.crcpress.com/
Phytochemical-Investigations-of-Medicinal-Plants/book-series/PHYTO
Phytochemistry of
Piper betle Landraces
Vikas Bajpai, Nikhil Kumar and
Brijesh Kumar
First edition published 2020
by CRC Press
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Contents
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Authors xvii
List of Abbreviations and Units xix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Piper betle: The Plant and Its Distribution 4
1.2 Botanical Description of Piper betle 5
1.3 Economic Potential of Leaves 6
1.4 Nutritive Value of Leaves 6
1.5 Morphoanatomical Studies of Piper betle L. Landraces 6
1.6 Etymology 7
1.7 Cultivation of Piper betle 7
1.8 Brief Review on the Chemistry of Piper betle Leaves 9
1.9 Brief Review on Pharmacology and Biological Activity
of Piper betle 10
1.10 Traditional Uses of Piper betle 11
1.10.1 A ntibacterial Activity 12
1.10.2 Antidiabetic Activity 12
1.10.3 A ntifertility Activity 13
1.10.4 Antiinflammatory and Antiallergic Response 13
1.10.5 A ntimalarial Activity 13
1.10.6 A ntioxidant Activity 14
1.10.7 I nsecticidal Activity 14
1.10.8 I mmunomodulatory Activity 14
1.10.9 Chemopreventive and Anticancer Activity 14
1.10.10 Cholinomimetic Effect 15
1.10.11 N europharmacological Profile 15
1.10.12 Platelet Inhibition Activity 15
1.10.13 Protective and Healing Activity 15
1.10.14 R adioprotective Activity 16
1.10.15 A ntidermatophytic Activity 16
v
vi Contents
1.10.16 A ntihypercholesterolemic Activity 16
1.10.17 A ntinociceptive Activity 16
1.10.18 G astroprotective Activity 17
1.10.19 A ntiasthmatic Effect 17
1.10.20 Effect on Thyroid Function Activity 17
2 Metabolite Profiling of Piper betle Landraces by Direct
Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometric Technique 19
2.1 Plant Material and Chemicals 19
2.2 Extraction and Sample Preparation 20
2.3 Preparation of Samples for Direct Analysis in Real Time
Mass Spectrometric Analysis 23
2.4 Analysis Conditions 23
2.5 Multivariate Statistical Analysis 24
2.6 Method Validation 24
2.7 Optimization of Direct analysis in Real Time Mass
Spectrometric Conditions 25
2.8 Discrimination of Piper betle Landraces 29
2.9 Differences in Piper betle Male and Female Leaf
Metabolite Profile 31
2.10 Phytochemical Profiling to Classify the Therapeutic
Potential of Piper betle Landraces 35
2.11 Discrimination of the Piper betle Landraces from
Different Geographical Origin 38
3 LC-MS Analysis of Piper betle Leaf and Evaluation of
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity 41
3.1 Plant Material, Reagents and Chemicals 41
3.2 Extraction and Sample Preparation 42
3.3 Preparation of Standard Solution 42
3.4 Instrumentation and Analytical Conditions 43
3.5 Optimization of Ultrahigh Performance Liquid
Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometric Conditions 44
3.6 Qualitative Analysis 44
3.6.1 Identification of Propenyl Phenols and Their
Derivatives 48
3.6.2 Identification and Characterization of Other
Phytoconstituents 49
3.7 Validation Parameters of Quantitative Analysis 50
3.7.1 Linearity, Limit of Detection and Limit of
Quantification 50
3.7.2 Precision, Stability, and Recovery 51
Contents vii
3.8 Quantitative Analysis 51
3.9 Principal Component Analysis 53
3.10 Antimicrobial Activity 54
3.11 Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation 54
4 Conclusions 57
References 59
Index 67
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List of Figures
1.1 Distribution of Piper betle in different regions in the world 5
1.2 Cultivation of Piper betle 8
2.1 DART mass spectrum of Saufia 29
2.2 DART mass spectrum of Deshi 30
2.3 Validated PCA score plot of Piper betle landraces 32
2.4 Identification and validation of gender in Piper betle using PCA 34
2.5 Identification of gender of thirty eight Piper betle landraces 35
2.6 Tree view of therapeutic potential cluster for twenty one
Piper betle landraces 38
ix