Peripheral Vascular Ultrasound HOW, WHY AND WHEN

245 Pages·2005·10.94 MB·English

Prelims.qxd 1~9~04 17:01 Page i
Peripheral Vascular Ultrasound
Prelims.qxd 1~9~04 17:01 Page ii
To Wendy, Tony and June
For Elsevier:
Associate Development Editor:Dinah Thom
Development Editor:Kerry McGechie
Project Manager:Ailsa Laing
Designer: Judith Wright
Illustration Manager: Bruce Hogarth
Prelims.qxd 1~9~04 17:01 Page iii
Peripheral Vascular
Ultrasound
HOW, WHY AND WHEN
SECOND EDITION
Abigail Thrush
MSc
Medical Physicist, Department of Clinical Physics,
St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Bart’s and the London NHS Trust, London, UK
Timothy Hartshorne
Vascular Technologist, Department of Surgery,
Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
EDINBURGH LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PHILADELPHIA ST LOUIS SYDNEY TORONTO 2005
Prelims.qxd 1~9~04 17:01 Page iv
Disclaimer: Some images in the printed version of this book are not available for
inclusion in the eBook.
ELSEVIER
CHURCHILL
LIVINGSTONE
© 2005 Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved.
The rights of Abigail Thrush and Timothy Hartshorne to be identified as
authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without either the prior permission of the publishers or a
licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the
Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP.
Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Health Sciences Rights
Department in Philadelphia, USA: phone: ((cid:2)1) 215 238 7869, fax: ((cid:2)1) 215
238 2239, e-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your
request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.com),
by selecting ‘Customer Support’ and then ‘Obtaining Permissions’.
First published 1999
Second edition 2005
ISBN 0 443 07283 3
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
Notice
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing.
As new research and experience broaden our knowledge, changes in
practice, treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate.
Readers are advised to check the most current information provided
(i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product
to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the
method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the
responsibility of the practitioner, relying on their own experience and
knowledge of the patient, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and
the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate
safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor
the author assumes any liability for any injury and/or damage.
The Publisher
Printed in China
Prelims.qxd 1~9~04 17:01 Page v
v
Contents
Acknowledgments vi 9. Duplex assessment of lower limb arterial
Preface vii disease 111
10. Duplex assessment of upper extremity arterial
disease 133
1. Introduction 1
2. Ultrasound and imaging 5 11. Duplex assessment of aneurysms 145
3. Doppler ultrasound 23 12. Anatomy of the lower limb venous system and
assessment of venous insufficiency 163
4. Creation of a color flow image 35
13. Duplex assessment of deep venous thrombosis
5. Blood flow and its appearance on color flow
and upper limb venous disorders 189
imaging 49
6. Factors that influence the Doppler 14. Graft surveillance and preoperative vein
spectrum 63 mapping for bypass surgery 207
7. Optimizing the scan 75 Appendix A: Decibel scale 225
Appendix B: Sensitivity and specificity 227
8. Ultrasound assessment of the extracranial
cerebral circulation 85 Index 229
Prelims.qxd 1~9~04 17:01 Page vi
vvii PERIPHERAL VASCULAR ULTRASOUND
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank David Evans, Hayley Handford, Pouran Khodabakhsh, Nick London, Salvatore
Luca, May Naylor, Ross Naylor, Yvonne Sensier, and Jo Walker for their help and support in the
preparation of this book.
Prelims.qxd 1~9~04 17:01 Page vii
vii
Preface
Vascular ultrasound is a speciality in its own right sources of errors in any measurements made by
and vascular surgeons are becoming increasingly ultrasound should be understood. Specific disorders
dependent on the skills of vascular sonographers for of the arterial and venous systems are covered, and
the investigation of patients suffering from periph- the techniques for diagnosing these problems are
eral vascular disease. This book aims to provide an described. Examples of normal and abnormal
understanding of the principles and practice of vas- images and Doppler recordings are included and
cular ultrasound. the interpretation of these discussed. British readers
An introduction to some of the basic theory please note that the publishers have used American
behind the science and technology of ultrasound is spelling in this edition.
included. This will help sonographers to understand We hope this book will serve as a useful reference
the function of scanner controls and enable them to sonographers new to this field.
to obtain optimal images and Doppler recordings.
B-mode imaging, color flow and spectral Doppler
images are all prone to artefacts, and it is essential London, 2005 Abigail Thrush
that their presence be recognized. The potential Leicester, 2005 Timothy Hartshorne
This page intentionally left blank