Performance-Based Specifications for HMA Pavements on Airfields AAPTP Project 06-03 Final ...

271 Pages·2009·0.77 MB·English

Performance-Based Specifications for HMA
Pavements on Airfields
AAPTP Project 06-03
Final Report
Submitted to:
Mr. Monte Symons
Airfield Asphalt Pavement Technology Program
277 Technology Parkway
Auburn, Alabama 36830
Submitted by:
John S. Miller, P.E., Principal Investigator
Amy L. Simpson, P.E., Ph.D.
Dragos Andrei, P.E., Ph.D.
MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Inc.
12104 Indian Creek Court, Suite A
Beltsville, Maryland 20705
Roy D. McQueen, P.E.
Roy D. McQueen and Associates
MACTEC Reference No. 6420070021
September 10, 2009
Performance-Based Specifications for HMA Airfield Pavements Final Report
AAPTP Project 06-03
MACTEC Reference 6420070021 September 10, 2009

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF SPONSORSHIP

This report has been prepared for Auburn University under the Airport Asphalt Pavement
Technology Program (AAPTP). Funding is provided by the Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) under Cooperative Agreement Number 04-G-038. Dr. David Brill is the Contracting
Officer, Technical Representative, and serves as a Program Manager in the FAA Airport
Technology Branch at the William J. Hughes Technical Center. Dr. Satish Agrawal is the
Manager of the FAA Airport Technology Research and Development Branch. Mr. Monte
Symons served as the Project Director for this project.
The AAPTP and the FAA thank the Project Technical Panel that willingly gave of their
expertise and time for the development of this report. They were responsible for the oversight
and technical direction. The names of those individuals on the Project Technical Panel follow:
1. Carlton Lambiasi
2. Rick Donovan
3. Allen Cooley
4. Claude Villiers

DISCLAIMER
The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the
facts and the accuracy of the data presented within. The contents do not necessarily reflect the
official views and policies of the Federal Aviation Administration. The report does not
constitute a standard, specification or regulation.
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Performance-Based Specifications for HMA Airfield Pavements Final Report
AAPTP Project 06-03
MACTEC Reference 6420070021 September 10, 2009

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1. Overview of the Project ...............................................................................................1
Background and Problem Statement ..........................................................................................1
Objective ....................................................................................................................................2
Basic Concepts of Performance-Based Specifications ..............................................................3
Basic Elements of Performance Specification .......................................................................3
Definitions .............................................................................................................................5
Chapter 2. Literature Review .........................................................................................................7
Performance Specifications for Highway Pavements ................................................................7
Introduction ............................................................................................................................7
Performance-Based Specifications versus Performance-Related Specifications ..................8
Need for Comprehensive Pavement Performance Database .................................................9
Candidate Acceptance Quality Characteristics ....................................................................10
Performance Characteristics ................................................................................................11
Predicting Highway Pavement Performance .......................................................................12
Summary and Conclusions ..................................................................................................13
Performance Specifications for Airport Pavements .................................................................14
Introduction ..........................................................................................................................14
Literature Review Results ....................................................................................................15
Operational Performance Characteristics ............................................................................15
Pavement Performance Characteristics ...............................................................................16
Acceptance Quality Characteristics .....................................................................................18
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Performance-Based Specifications for HMA Airfield Pavements Final Report
AAPTP Project 06-03
MACTEC Reference 6420070021 September 10, 2009

TABLE OF CONTENTS, cont.
Summary and Conclusions ..................................................................................................20
Highway/Airport Literature Review Summary and Conclusions ............................................22
Chapter 3. Interview Summary ....................................................................................................25
Introduction ..............................................................................................................................25
Interview Process and Statistics ...........................................................................................25
Interview Results .....................................................................................................................30
Operational Performance Characteristics ................................................................................30
Pavement Performance Characteristics ...................................................................................34
Acceptance Quality Characteristics .........................................................................................37
Summary ..................................................................................................................................39
Chapter 4. Operational Performance Characteristics ...................................................................41
Introduction ..............................................................................................................................41
Definitions ...............................................................................................................................42
Braking Capability – Surface Friction and Hydroplaning ...................................................42
Directional Control ..............................................................................................................44
Dynamic Effects – Aircraft Damage, Pilot Control, Passenger Comfort ............................46
Foreign Object Damage (FOD) Potential ............................................................................47
Load Carrying Capability – Dynamic and Static .................................................................49
Traffic Flow Disruptions .....................................................................................................50
Aesthetics .............................................................................................................................51
Priorities ...................................................................................................................................51
Summary ..................................................................................................................................54
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Performance-Based Specifications for HMA Airfield Pavements Final Report
AAPTP Project 06-03
MACTEC Reference 6420070021 September 10, 2009

TABLE OF CONTENTS, cont.
Chapter 5. Pavement Performance Measures ..............................................................................57
Introduction ..............................................................................................................................57
Pavement Performance Characteristics ...................................................................................57
Cracking ...................................................................................................................................59
Affected OPCs .....................................................................................................................59
Current Procedures ..............................................................................................................60
Surface Friction ........................................................................................................................61
Affected OPCs .....................................................................................................................61
Current Procedures ..............................................................................................................61
Permanent Deformation ...........................................................................................................62
Affected OPCs .....................................................................................................................63
Current Procedures ..............................................................................................................63
Raveling and Weathering .........................................................................................................67
Affected OPCs .....................................................................................................................67
Current Procedures ..............................................................................................................67
Roughness ................................................................................................................................68
Affected OPCs .....................................................................................................................68
Current Procedures ..............................................................................................................68
Static Indentation .....................................................................................................................69
Affected OPCs .....................................................................................................................69
Current Procedures ..............................................................................................................69
Summary ..................................................................................................................................70
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Performance-Based Specifications for HMA Airfield Pavements Final Report
AAPTP Project 06-03
MACTEC Reference 6420070021 September 10, 2009

TABLE OF CONTENTS, cont.
Chapter 6. Modeling of Pavement Performance Characteristics .................................................71
Introduction ..............................................................................................................................71
Cracking ...................................................................................................................................71
Predictive Model ..................................................................................................................72
Surface Friction ........................................................................................................................74
Predictive Model ..................................................................................................................74
Permanent Deformation ...........................................................................................................75
Predictive Model ..................................................................................................................76
Raveling and Weathering .........................................................................................................77
Predictive Model ..................................................................................................................78
Roughness ................................................................................................................................78
Predictive Model ..................................................................................................................79
Static Indentation .....................................................................................................................80
Predictive Model ..................................................................................................................80
Summary ..................................................................................................................................81
Chapter 7. Acceptance Quality Characteristics ...........................................................................83
Introduction ..............................................................................................................................83
Friction .....................................................................................................................................83
Test Methods ........................................................................................................................83
Analysis ...............................................................................................................................84
Macrotexture ............................................................................................................................85
Test Methods ........................................................................................................................85
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Performance-Based Specifications for HMA Airfield Pavements Final Report
AAPTP Project 06-03
MACTEC Reference 6420070021 September 10, 2009

TABLE OF CONTENTS, cont.
Density .....................................................................................................................................85
Test Methods ........................................................................................................................86
Analysis ...............................................................................................................................87
Aggregate Properties ................................................................................................................87
Test Methods ........................................................................................................................88
Smoothness ..............................................................................................................................89
Measurement ........................................................................................................................89
Analysis ...............................................................................................................................92
Performance Test .....................................................................................................................95
Mix Volumetrics ......................................................................................................................96
Test Methods ........................................................................................................................97
Summary ..................................................................................................................................97
Chapter 8. Recommendations for Future Research .....................................................................99
Chapter 9. Recommended Changes to Existing Specification ..................................................105
Introduction ............................................................................................................................105
Recommendations ..................................................................................................................105
Measurement of Initial Friction .........................................................................................105
Measurement of Initial Macrotexture ................................................................................106
Method of Measuring Smoothness ....................................................................................107
Measurement of Mixture Volumetrics ...............................................................................108
Summary ................................................................................................................................109
References ..................................................................................................................................111
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Performance-Based Specifications for HMA Airfield Pavements Final Report
AAPTP Project 06-03
MACTEC Reference 6420070021 September 10, 2009

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Typical Elements of a Performance Specification..........................................................4
Figure 2. Interview Responses by Agency Type.........................................................................26
Figure 3. Interview Responses by Type of Contact.....................................................................27
Figure 4. Geographic Distribution of Responding Interview Candidates....................................28
Figure 5. Flow Chart for Developing Acceptance Levels for a Performance Based
Specification...........................................................................................................................58
Figure 6. Pavement Performance Life Cycle................................................................................73
Figure 7. Single Event Bump – Roughness Acceptance Criteria.................................................94

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Performance-Based Specifications for HMA Airfield Pavements Final Report
AAPTP Project 06-03
MACTEC Reference 6420070021 September 10, 2009

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Interviews by Agency Type...........................................................................................26
Table 2. Number of Interviews Identifying Each OPC.................................................................31
Table 3. Runway OPCs by Agency Type....................................................................................32
Table 4. Taxiway OPCs by Agency Type...................................................................................33
Table 5. Apron OPCs by Agency Type.......................................................................................34
Table 6. Pavement Performance Characteristics Influencing OPCs.............................................35
Table 7. Pavement Performance Characteristics.........................................................................36
Table 8. Acceptance Quality Characteristics by Pavement Type.................................................37
Table 9. Acceptance Quality Characteristics Affecting Durability and Structural Performance.38
Table 10. Prioritized List of OPCs................................................................................................52
Table 11. Operational Performance Characteristic Priorities by Airport....................................54
Table 12. Final Operational Performance Characteristic Priorities.............................................55
Table 13. List of Aggregate Test Methods..................................................................................88

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Performance-Based Specifications for HMA Airfield Pavements Final Report
AAPTP Project 06-03
MACTEC Reference 6420070021 September 10, 2009

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of Dr. Gonzalo Rada, formerly of MACTEC,
who served as the Principal Investigator for the project until his resignation from MACTEC in
May 2008. The authors also wish to acknowledge Mr. Yingwu Fang, formerly of Roy D.
McQueen, for his contributions with the literature review.
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