Pathology and diagnosis of chlamydial abortion in ewes

277 Pages·2016·6.21 MB·English

by  Thomas Paul Sanderson

Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
Dissertations
1992
Pathology and diagnosis of chlamydial abortion in
ewes
Thomas Paul Sanderson
Iowa State University
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Recommended Citation
Sanderson, Thomas Paul, "Pathology and diagnosis of chlamydial abortion in ewes " (1992).Retrospective Theses and Dissertations.
10151.
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/10151
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Pathology and diagnosis of chlamydial abortion in ewes
Sanderson, Thomas Paul, Ph.D.
Iowa State University, 1992
U M I
300N.ZeebRd.
Ann Arbor, MI 48106

Pathology and diagnosis of chlamydial abortion in ewes
by
Thomas Paul Sanderson
A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate
Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Department: Veterinary Pathology
Major: Veterinary Pathology
Approved:
Signature was redacted for privacy.
In CKarge of NWor Work
Signature was redacted for privacy.
For the Major Department
Signature was redacted for privacy.
For the Graduate College
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa
1992
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 1
Explanation of Dissertation Format 3
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 4
Chlamydiae 4
Ovine Chlamydial Abortion (Enzootic Abortion of Ewes) 14
Other Infectious Causes of Ovine Abortion 27
Non-infectious Causes of Abortion 37
3. GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PATHOLOGY OF OVINE 38
FETUSES INFECTED WITH CHLAMYDIA PSITTACI
Introduction 38
Materials and Methods 39
Results 44
Discussion 85
4. IDENTinCATION OF CflLAMKDMP5/mC/ IN FORMALIN- 91
FIXED, PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED OVINE FETAL TISSUES
WITH AN AVIDIN-BIOTIN-PEROXIDASE COMPLEX (ABC)
IMMUNOENZYMATIC TECHNIQUE
Introduction 91
Materials and Methods 92
Results 97
Discussion 113
iii
5. AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF CHLAMYDL\L 116
PLACENTITIS
Introduction 116
Materials and Methods 117
Results 119
Discussion 155
6. EVALUATION OF AN ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY FOR 159
DETECTION OF CHLAMYDIA PSITTACIl^ VAGINAL
SECRETIONS, PLACENTAS, AND FETAL TISSUES FROM
ABORTING EWES
Summary 159
Introduction 160
Materials and Methods 161
Results 166
Discussion 172
References 174
7. EVALUATION OF A RAPID SOLID PHASE IMMUNOASSAY 180
FOR DETECTION OF OVINE CHLAMYDIA PSFTTACI
Summary 180
Introduction 180
Materials and Methods 181
Results 184
iv
Discussion 185
References 187
8. AN INDIRECT MICROIMMUNOFLUORESCENCE TEST 189
FOR DETECTION OF CHLAMYDIAE-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES
IN OVINE FETAL FLUIDS
Summary 189
Introduction 190
Materials and Methods 191
Results 198
Discussion 206
References 208
9. GENERAL DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY 214
10. LITERATURE CITED 219
1
1. INTRODUCTION
Chlamydiae are a genetically diverse group of gram-negative obligate intracellular
bacteria that cause economically important diseases in humans, domestic mammals, and
birds. There are 3 species; C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae, are primarily human
pathogens, and C. psittaci is a pathogen of both humans and animals. Most avian species
and many domestic and feral mammals have been shown to be natural hostsf or
C. psittaci. Infections of various animals with mammalian strains of C. psittaci have
been associated with abortion and reproductive failure, 2.95.285,323,337,339,341,347,392 polyarthritis and
polyserositis,pneumonia,^^^^-^^^^^^^^' enteritis,^^ 'iG.276.338.392
meningoencephalitis, 154,172,172.323,337.338,341 and conjunctivitis and ocular
disease. 15.166,167,172,323,337,338,341,386
Ovine chlamydial abortion or enzootic abortion of ewes is a major cause of reproductive
loss in sheep. Chlamydial abortion has been identified worldwide in most major sheep
producing areas where often it is the most conmionly diagnosed cause of ovine
abortion.®.''.'".'®^'2<'3.224,24i,248,289,322,323,339 infcctiou of susccptiblc pregnant sheep with C. psittaci
often results in a severe suppurative placentitis.
Confirming a diagnosis of chlamydial abortion can be challenging. A tentative diagnosis
often is based upon the flock history and the presence of characteristic placental lesions.
These fastidious intracellular organisms are often difficult to isolate, especially under field
conditions. They are readily inactivated in the course of intrauterine events that lead to fetal
death. 214,337,339,345 Contamination by other bacteria and unfavorable transport conditions