Paradigm Shift in International Economic Law Rule-Making: TPP as a New Model for Trade Agreements?

515 Pages·2017·5.62 MB·English

by  Julien Chaisse

Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific
Julien Chaisse
Henry Gao
Chang-fa Lo E ditors
Paradigm Shift
in International
Economic Law
Rule-Making
TPP as a New Model for Trade
Agreements?
123
fi
Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Paci c
Series Editor
Makoto Yano (Professor of Economics, Kyoto University, Japan; President
and Chief Research Officer, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry
(RIETI), Japan)
Editorial Board Members
Reiko Aoki (Professor of Economics, Kyushu University, Japan)
Youngsub Chun (Professor of Economics, Seoul National University, Republic
of Korea)
Avinash K. Dixit (John J. F. Sherrerd ‘52 University Professor of Economics,
Emeritus, Princeton University, United States)
Masahisa Fujita (Fellow, The Japan Academy, Japan)
Takashi Kamihigashi (Professor and Director, Research Institute for Economics
and Business Administration (RIEB), Kobe University, Japan)
Masahiro Kawai (Project Professor, Graduate School of Public Policy, The
University of Tokyo, Japan)
Chang-fa Lo (Honourable Justice, The Constitutional Court, Taipei, Taiwan)
Mitsuo Matsushita (Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo, Japan)
Kazuo Nishimura (Professor, Research Institute for Economics and Business
Administration (RIEB) and Interfaculty Initiative in the Social Sciences (IISS),
Kobe University, Japan; Member, The Japan Academy, Japan)
Akira Okada (Professor of Economics, Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto
University, Japan)
Shiro Yabushita (Professor Emeritus, Waseda University, Japan)
Naoyuki Yoshino (Dean, Asian Development Bank Institute, Japan; Professor
Emeritus, Keio University, Japan)
The Asia Pacific region is expected to steadily enhance its economic and political
presence in the world during the twenty-first century. At the same time, many
serious economic and political issues remain unresolved in the region. To further
academicenquiryandenhancereaders’understandingaboutthisvibrantregion,the
present series, Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific, aims to present
cutting-edge research on the Asia Pacific region and its relationship with the rest
oftheworld.Forcountriesinthisregiontoachieverobusteconomicgrowth,itisof
foremost importance that they improve the quality of their markets, as history
shows that healthy economic growth cannot be achieved without high-quality
markets. High-quality markets can be established and maintained only under a
well-designed set of rules and laws, without which competition will not flourish.
Basedontheseprinciples,thisseriesplacesaspecialfocusoneconomic,business,
legal, and institutional issues geared towards the healthy development of Asia
Pacific markets. The series considers book proposals for scientific research, either
theoreticalorempirical,thatisrelatedtothethemeofimprovingmarketqualityand
haspolicyimplications fortheAsiaPacificregion.Thetypesofbooksthatwillbe
considered for publication include research monographs as well as relevant
proceedings.Theseriesshow-casesworkbyAsia-Pacificbasedresearchersbutalso
encouragestheworkofsocialscientistsnotlimitedtotheAsiaPacificregion.Each
proposalwillbesubjecttoevaluationbytheeditorialboardandexpertsinthefield.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13451
Julien Chaisse Henry Gao Chang-fa Lo
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Editors
Paradigm Shift
in International Economic
Law Rule-Making
TPP as a New Model for Trade Agreements?
123
Editors
Julien Chaisse Chang-fa Lo
Faculty of Law Judicial Yuan
ChineseUniversity ofHong Kong Justices ofthe Constitutional Court
Shatin, NewTerritories Taipei
Hong Kong Taiwan
Henry Gao
Singapore ManagementUniversity
Singapore
Singapore
ISSN 2199-8620 ISSN 2199-8639 (electronic)
Economics, Law, andInstitutions inAsia Pacific
ISBN978-981-10-6730-3 ISBN978-981-10-6731-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6731-0
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017954467
©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2017
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar
methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom
therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the
authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor
for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to
jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
Printedonacid-freepaper
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature
TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.
Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:152BeachRoad,#21-01/04GatewayEast,Singapore189721,Singapore
Contents
1 Introduction: Trade Policies in the Post-TPP Era. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Julien Chaisse, Henry Gao and Chang-fa Lo
Part I The Impact of TPP on International Economic Law
Rule-Making
2 The Coherent Fragmentation of International Economic Law:
Lessons from the Transpacific Partnership Agreement. . . . . . . . . . 21
Colin B. Picker
3 OnCreatingNegotiationRoundsSimilartoMultilateralRegimes
for the TPP for Its Further Improvement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Chang-fa Lo
4 TPP Trade Remedy System: Development or Divergence from
the WTO?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Dukgeun Ahn and Ji Yeong Yoo
5 Rules of Origin in the Trans-Pacific Partnership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Margaret Liang
6 Dispute Settlement in the TPP and the WTO: Which Way Will
Asian TPP Members Turn? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Lisa Toohey
7 Friends with Benefits? Amicus Curiae in the TPP Investor-State
Dispute Settlement Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Fernando Dias Simões
8 Investment Arbitration Under Mega-Regional Free Trade
Agreements: A 21st Century Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Mark Feldman
v
vi Contents
9 Market Access for Goods in the TPP: The Good, the Bad,
and the Ugly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Deborah Kay Elms
PartII NewIssuesandTpp:RevampingtheInternationalEconomic
Order
10 Competition Chapter in the Trans-Pacific Partnership
Agreement: Developing a Template for a Multilateral
Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Ma. Joy V. Abrenica and Johannes Bernabe
11 State-Owned Enterprises in the TPP Agreement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Mitsuo Matsushita
12 Anti-corruption Provisions in the TPP: Innovation, Effectiveness
and Prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Chang-fa Lo
13 TPPPromotingFinancialServicesasanInvestmentPlayground:
Crystalizing a Change in Approach from GATS?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Antoine P. Martin and Bryan Mercurio
14 WTO to the TPP: Evolution of Environmental Provisions
in Trade Agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
R.V. Anuradha
15 Enhancing Labour Protection Through TPP Labour
and Investment Chapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Tsai-Yu Lin
16 TPP’s Coup de Grâce: How the Trademark System Prevailed
as Geographical Indication System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Danny Friedmann
17 The Differences Between China’s Recent FTA and the TPP:
A Case Study of the China-Korea FTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Heng Wang
18 Government Procurement in TPP and its Implications for
China’s GPA Accession Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Xinquan Tu and Na Sun
19 The TPP and Government Procurement in Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Haniff Ahamat and Nasarudin Abdul Rahman
Contents vii
Part III The Regulation of E-commerce in the TPP
20 TheRegulationofDigitalTradeintheTPP:TradeRules
fortheDigitalAge ........................................... 345
Henry Gao
21 Data Protection in the TPP: More Emphasis on the “Use”
Than the “Protection”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Nohyoung Park
22 Digital Copyright in the TPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Jyh-An Lee
23 The TPP and the Digital Economy the Agreement’s Potential
as a Benchmark for Future Rule-Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Simon Lacey
Part IV The Implications of TPP on Asia and Beyond
24 Mega-FTAs and Plurilateral Trade Agreements: Implications
for the Asia-Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Meredith Kolsky Lewis
25 Accession to TPP: Veto Power and “Opt-Out” Option. . . . . . . . . . 435
Shintaro Hamanaka
26 Memento Mori: Membership Issues Surrounding Entry into,
Modification of, and Withdrawal from the TPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
Tomohiko Kobayashi
27 How Far Can Indonesia Go? Utilizing TSIA on the Would-Be
TPP Impact for Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
Riza N. Arfani and Poppy S. Winanti
28 Picking the Right Alternative: Should India Participate in TPP
Instead of RCEP?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
Debashis Chakraborty
Index .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 521
About the Editors
Julien Chaisse is Professor at The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK),
FacultyofLaw.Heisanaward-winningscholarofinternationallawwithaspecial
focus on the regulation and development of economic globalization. His teaching
and research include international trade/investment law, international taxation, law
ofnaturalresources,andInternetlaw.PriortojoiningCUHKin2009,Dr.Chaisse
was a senior research fellow at the World Trade Institute (Switzerland). He also
heldanappointmentaslecturerateliteschoolSciencesPoAix(France)andserved
as a diplomat at the Embassy of France in New Delhi (India).
Dr. Chaisse is frequently invited to lecture at many academic institutions and
leading universities around the world, including Columbia University (U.S.),
University of Oxford (U.K.), Melbourne University (Australia), Tokyo University
(Japan), and Tsinghua University (China). Dr. Chaisse has published numerous
well-regarded and widely cited books and articles, such as “The Regulation of
GlobalWaterServicesMarket,”CambridgeUniversityPress(2017);“International
Economic Law and Governance,” Oxford University Press (2016); Shareholder
ProtectionReloaded,StanfordJournalofInternationalLaw(2016);Navigatingthe
Expanding Universe of International Treaties on Foreign Investment, Journal of
International Economic Law (2015); Maintaining the WTO’s Supremacy in the
International Trade Order, Journal of International Economic Law (2013); and
PromisesandPitfallsoftheEuropeanUnionPolicyonForeignInvestment,Journal
of International Economic Law (2012).
In recognition of his outstanding academic performance, Dr. Chaisse received
theCUHK Vice-Chancellor’sExemplaryTeaching Award in2015andtheCUHK
Research Award in 2012. Dr. Chaisse has held the appointment of Director of the
Centre for Financial Regulation and Economic Development at CUHK Law since
2013, and has established forward-looking legal projects and events at CUHK,
including the series of “Asia FDI Forum,” which has become the most prominent
conference on foreign investment regulation in Asia.
Inadditiontohisprofessorship,Dr.Chaisseisawell-experiencedarbitratorand
aleadingconsultant tointernational organizations, governments,multinationallaw
firms, and private investors. He is also member of some of the world’s foremost
ix
x AbouttheEditors
organizations, including the World Economic Forum’s International Trade and
InvestmentCouncilandtheInternetCorporationforAssignedNamesandNumbers
(ICANN) in which Dr. Chaisse serves on the Working Group on gTLDs’ rights
protection mechanisms review and the Accountability and Transparency Review
program.
Henry Gao is Associate Professor of law at Singapore Management University
andDongfangScholarChairProfessoratShanghaiInstituteofForeignTrade.With
lawdegreesfromthreecontinents,hestartedhiscareerasthefirstChineselawyerat
the WTO Secretariat. Before moving to Singapore in late 2007, he taught law at
UniversityofHongKong,wherehewasalsotheDeputyDirectoroftheEastAsian
International Economic Law and Policy Program. He has taught at the IELPO
programinBarcelonaandtheAcademy ofInternational Trade LawinMacau, and
was the Academic Coordinator to the first Asia-Pacific Regional Trade Policy
Course officially sponsored by the WTO. Widely published on issues relating to
China and WTO, Prof. Gao’s research has been featured in CNN, BBC, The
Economist,WallStreetJournal,andFinancialTimes.Hehasadvisedmanynational
governments as well as the WTO, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, APEC,
and ASEAN on trade issues. He sits on the Advisory Board of the WTO Chairs
Program, which was established by the WTO Secretariat in 2009 to promote
research andteaching on WTO issues inleading universities around theworld.He
is also a member of editorial board of Journal of Financial Regulation, which was
launched by Oxford University Press in 2014.
Chang-faLo ProfessorLohasbeenJusticeoftheConstitutionalCourtoftheROC
(Taiwan)sinceOctober2011.Priortohiscurrentjudicialposition,hewastheChair
Professor and Lifetime Distinguished Professor at National Taiwan University
(NTU); Dean of NTU College of Law; Director of Asian Center for WTO and
InternationalHealthLawandPolicyofNTUCollegeofLaw(ACWH);Directorof
Center for Ethics, Law and Society in Biomedicine and Technology of NTU;
Commissioner of Taiwan’s Fair Trade Commission; Commissioner of Taiwan’s
International Trade Commission; and legal advisor for Taiwan’s GATT/WTO
accessionnegotiations.InhiscapacityastheDirectorofACWH,Prof.Lolaunched
twoEnglishjournals,namely,theAsianJournal ofWTOandInternational Health
Law and Policy and the Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal (CAA) in 2006
and 2008, respectively. In his tenure as Dean of NTU College of Law, he also
launchedanEnglishjournal,theNTULawReview.Priortohisteachingcareer, he
practiced law in Taipei. He received his SJD degreefrom Harvard University Law
School in 1989. He was appointed by the WTO as a panelist for DS332 Brazil—
MeasuresAffectingImportsofRetreadedTyrein2006,DS468Ukraine—Definitive
Safeguard Measures on Certain Passenger Cars in 2014, and as a member of the
Permanent Group of Experts under the SCM Agreement of WTO in 2008. He is
alsothechairmanoftheAsiaWTOResearchNetwork(AWRN)since2013.Heis
the author of 12 books and the editor of 6 books, and has authored about 100
journal papers and book chapters.