Table Of ContentPandemic Governance
Pandemic Governance
Learning from COVID and
Future Pathways
Prof. Post-Dr. Walter Amedzro St-Hilaire
Academic or professional affiliation:
• Chair of Institutional Governance & Strategic Leadership Research, Canada
• Northwestern University, USA
• University of Ottawa, Canada
• PRISM-Pole SEE, Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne University, France
• ExpertActions ExiGlobal Capital Group Co, UK
First published 2022
by Routledge
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© 2022 Prof. Post-Dr. Walter Amedzro St-Hilaire
The right of Prof. Walter Amedzro St-Hilaire to be identified as author of this work has been
asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents
Act 1988.
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permission in writing from the publishers.
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and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN: 9781032220116 (hbk)
ISBN: 9781032220109 (pbk)
ISBN: 9781003270898 (ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/9781003270898
Typeset in Times
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
To
Maedge, Swincy, and Shéa,
my loves, my life, and my light,
This one’s for you, girls!
Contents
Foreword ..............................................................................................................ix
Acknowledgments .............................................................................................xvii
About the Author ...............................................................................................xix
Introduction ........................................................................................................xxi
Chapter 1 A Structured Analysis of Pandemic Governance ........................... 1
Chapter 2 Health Crisis Governance: A Negotiated Perspective .................. 21
Chapter 3 Addressing Pandemic Planning: Reactions and Ramifications ........ 33
Chapter 4 Health Digitalized Informatics for the Pandemic ........................ 49
Chapter 5 A Decision-Making Approach in Times of Health Crisis:
Governing by Executive Order and Decree ................................. 73
Chapter 6 Performance Measurement in Public Service: Perspectives
for Safety Policies ......................................................................... 91
Chapter 7 Hospitals and the Pandemic: The Medical and Social
Organization ................................................................................ 101
Chapter 8 Managing Operational Excellence in a Health Crisis ................. 119
Chapter 9 Vaccine Management: The Economic, Industrial,
and Financial Aspects ................................................................. 141
Chapter 10 Vaccine Optimization: Advancing a Social and Collectivist
Perspective in Times of Global Calamity .................................. 159
Chapter 11 Toward a New Model in Health Crisis Management
for the Future? ............................................................................ 177
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viii Contents
Chapter 12 Ensuring Resilience for Public Health Policies: Future
Pathways ..................................................................................... 187
Chapter 13 Health Agency System Maturity: Rethinking the
Leadership–Expertise Connection during Disruptions.............. 205
Chapter 14 Disruptive Strategies for Containing Pandemics ....................... 221
Chapter 15 Mechanisms for Mobilizing Actors in Favor of Equitable
Access to Health Care ................................................................ 241
Chapter 16 Optimizing Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Governance ............ 253
Chapter 17 Reconciling Public Health and Environmental Policies ............ 263
Chapter 18 Conclusion .................................................................................. 281
References ........................................................................................................ 285
Index ................................................................................................................ 291
Foreword
Public Decision-Making in a Context
of Major Uncertainties
In many ways, the Covid pandemic follows a long series of tragedies that have
sometimes been perpetuated in the memory of peoples, by monumental remains
such as the wall of the Plague or the Duomo of Siena, which has remained unfin-
ished since the Great Plague of 1348. The plague, which has remained in our
vocabulary as a synonym of pandemic, has massively decimated human popu-
lations on several occasions since Antiquity: among its most famous episodes,
we can note the Justinian plague, in the Byzantine Empire (7th century) and the
Black Death of the Middle Ages in the 14th century. However, it is far from sum-
marizing the history of epidemics. Yellow fever, for example, affected transatlan-
tic relations and trade for centuries and delayed the construction of the Panama
Canal (finally completed in 1913). Cholera had six pandemics in the 19th century,
and we are still living in the time of the seventh pandemic that has now taken
hold in Latin America. Then came the influenza, long unidentified, which has
never stopped, starting with the “Russian flu” (one million deaths in 1889–1890),
the so-called Spanish flu, at the end of World War I (between 20 and 100 million
victims), the Asian flu (three to four million deaths between 1957 and 1958), the
Hong Kong flu (one million deaths between the summer of 1968 and the spring
of 1969), etc. Closer to home, the H1N1 flu in 2009–2010 affected billions of
people and caused the death of nearly 2.6 million. Finally, is it necessary to recall
the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, the first cases
of which were identified in the United States in 1981 and have claimed nearly
40 million victims to date?
These considerable deaths, both brutal and prolonged, have caused despair and
panic among populations and leaders. Fear has regularly led to the excesses of
scapegoating, whose identity only changes: the poor, beggars, foreigners, the rep-
robate, certain minority groups. Historians have attributed to pestilence a major
role in the fate of empires (e.g. the Justinian plague and the rise of Islam in the
East) and in social struggles (e.g. the emergence of a middle class with access to
property thanks to medieval depopulation in the West). They also point out the
initiatives taken by public authorities such as the registration of deaths and the
quarantine and surveillance measures for port traffic initiated, for example, by
the cities of Italy in the 14th century.
In the aftermath of World War II, the World Health Organization had devel-
oped an ambitious plan for the systematic eradication of major endemic infectious
diseases. Its long-celebrated success against smallpox in 1979 gave rise to almost
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