Table Of ContentPAITIMĀNA
Hanns-Peter Schmidt
PAITIMANA
Essays in Iranian, Indo-European, and Indian
Studies in Honor of
HANNS-PETER SCHMIDT
Volumes 1 & 11
Edited by
Siamak Adhami
MAZDA PUBLISHERS, Ine. • Costa Mesa, California + 2003
The publication of this volume was made possible by a grant from
Iranica Institute/Persepolis Cultural Center
Mazda Publishers, Ine.
Academic publishers since 1980
P.O. Box 2603
Costa Mesa, California 92628 U.S.A.
www.mazdapub.com
Copyright © 2003 by Siamak Adhami
Ali rights reserved. No parts of this publication may. be reproduced
or transmitted by any fonn or by any means without written permission
from the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in
critical articles and reviews.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Paitimana: Essays in Iranian, Indo-European, and lndian studies in honor of
Hanns-Peter Schmidt/ edited by Siamak Adhami
p.cm.
Included bibliographical references.
ISBN: 1-56859-145-4
( Softcover, alk. paper)
1. India-Civilization-To 1200. 2. Iran-Civilization-To 640. 3. Indo-Aryan
philology. 4. Indo-Europeans. /. Schmidt, Hanns-Peter. 11. Adhami, Siamak.
DS425.P37 2002
954-dc21
2002069305
~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-D~j}!!IY~IL$üüiU
CONTENTS
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... vii
Tabula gratulatoria .......... ~ ................................... xi
Bibtiography of Hanns-Peter Schmldt . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. xii
VOLUMEI
CHAPTER 1 ................................................... 1
Greek 1t&Īpap, Sanskrit parvata-, and Related Terms
Georgios K. Giannakis
CHAPTER 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Syntactic Variation as Reliefgebung
Heidi Waltz
CHAPTER 3 ........ ·... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Rigveda 10, 94
Bernfried Schlerath
CHAPTER4 .......................................... , ....... 39
Vedic vrā: Evidence for the Svayavrņara in the Rig Veda?
Stephanie W. Jamison
CHAPTER 5 .................................................. 57
Non-violence and the Mitra-Varupa Cow
J. C. Heesterman
CHAPTER 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
In Search ofthe Origins ofHindu Law: Remarks on the
Relation Between the Vasi~ļhadharmasūtra and the Ŗgveda
Albrecht Wezler
CHAPTER 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Yājiiavalkya as Ritualist and Philosopher, and His
Personai Language
Michae/ Witzel
CHAPTER 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
On The Style Of The Bhagavadgītā
Jacques Duchesne-Gui/lemin
VOLUMEII
CHAPTER 9 ............................................... -: 157
Zarathustra: First Poet-Sacrijicer
Prods Oktor Sķjrerve
CHAPTER 10 ............................................... 195
Gathic Compositional History, Y 29, and Bovine SyļDbolism
Martin Schwartz
CHAPTER 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Zu avestisch aŅa
Alberto Cantera
CHAPTER 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Gūhr Ī Asmān: a Problem in Avestan Cosmology
William W. Malandra
CHAPTER 13 ........................................ , ....... 275
Iranische Personennamen hei Aristoteles
Rüdiger Schmitt
CHAPTER 14 ................... , ........................... 300
Continuity and Innovation in Middle Persian Onomastics
Carlo G. Cereti
· CHAPTER 15 ................................................ 321
Once again upon Middle Persian *māzdēsn
Antonio Panaino
CHAPTER 16 ................................................ 328
Az
The Zoroastrian and the Manichaean demon
Werner Sundermann
CHAPTER 17 ............. ·. .................................. 339
Gayomard: King ofClay or Mountain? The Epithet
of the First Man in the Zoroastrian Tradition
Touraj Daryaee
CHAPTER 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
The Missing Achaemenids
Richard N. Frye
CHAPTER 19 .............................................. 355
The Horse that Killed Yazdagerd "the Sinner"
A. Shapur Shahbazi
CHAPTER 20 ............................................... 363
Approaches to the Study of Sasanian History
M Rahim Shayegan
CHAPTER 21 .............................. ". ................ 385
Suggestions on Decipherment ofTwo Series of Sasanian
Sigillary Monograms
Siamak Adhami
PREFACE
In many parts of the world it was, and stili is, a custom to offer
certain gifts in the hope of pleasing their recipients. Ferdowsi
and Macchiavelli speak of presenting gifts such as horses, arms,
cloth of gold, gems, and such-like ornaments worthy ofthe gran
deur of their princes. But thankfully in our profession, we often
have little use for war horses, arms, or golden objects~ nor am I
certain that the person whose achievements we are celebrating
here would have much appreclated a stubborn animal-although
dealing witņ stubbom students should have provided him with
ainpl~ experience and patience. Thus„ as wordsmiths the only
suitable gifts that we can hammer' out would. be essays whose
topies have, in one way or another, been shaped or influenced by
his own writings or teachings.
Those who know H.- P. Schmidt are equally aware ofhis de
sire for tranquility and avoidance of the limelight. So, it was with
some trepidation that this project was undertaken; of course, as is
well known, good pupils do not always follow instruction. My
eventual call for articles was graciously answered by authors
from · many corners of the globe; in fact there were many more
scholars who would have shared their thoughts with us bad it not
been for my neglect or their previous engagements, as indicated
from the Tabula.
As for the title of the volumes: I have to admit that many
wonderful titles were kindly suggested to me. Particularly active
and helpful in this regard were M. Schwartz and P.O. Skjrerv0;
but for a variety of reasons, technical or otherwise, I bad to re
gretfully abandon their suggestions. The final title of the Vol
umes *Paitimāna (Pah.paymān), with its multiple connotations,
I believe, best describes the person to whom we offer this Green
Leaf. Throughout his academic life he has followed, to quote
Aristotle, that path which is "the intermediate between excess
and deficiency", ·wisely staying away from the fashionable theo
ries and approaches which often tryto afflict our field of study as
they have done with other hapless fields.
viii Preface
On the structure of the two volumes: for a number of rea
sons, I have decided on dividing the essays into three sections;
the ·first and second sections, found in Volume One, deal with
the Indo-European and Indian topies. The Second Volume is
concemed exclusively with Iraņian subject matters. I have also
attempted, as much as possible, to use a chronological and gen
eral-specific approach throughout the two Volumes; whenever
this appr~ach was not possible, 1 used the field of study-as the
criterion for grouping the essays together.
The essays in the volumes are preceded by a Tabula indi
cating the names of those scholars who graciously acknowledged
this dedication and expressed their best wishes. A Bibliography
ofH.-P. Schmidt, including most of his published works, is also
provided which I hope will facilitate the research effort of the
interested parties not fully familiar with the extent of his publi
cations.
In the first essay of the first volume G. K. Giannakis high
lights the etymological connection of several terms from Greek
and Sanskrit as well as their usage to portray a common inheri
tance of imagery of death and the next world; H. Walt_z, then,
presents ber observations on the variations in the syntax of verbs
of emotion and sensation in older Indo-European dialects;· next,
B. Schlerath presents a new German translation ofRV 10, 94" as
well as a commentary on some of the more demanding parts of
the hymn; S. Jamison searches the Rig Veda for the possible
traces ofthe institution known as the svay8Qlvara; J. Heesterman
offers hjs Iatest thoughts on ahilflsā or non-injury, a major prin
ciple in the post-Vedic religions of India; A. Wezler, in his
search for the origins of Hindu law,. examines the relation be-
tween the V asi$.hadharmasūtra and the Rig Veda; M. Witzel
presents a thorough. examination of the Indic sources on Yāj
fiavalkya, one · of the most interesting figures of ancient India;
and in the last essay our dear friend and colleague J. Duchesne
Guillemin examines the stylistic intricacies of the Bhagavadgītā
which, by most accounts, is the central piece of the great Indian
epic Mahābhārata.
Chapters 9 and 10ofVolume11 are devoted to the Gāthās:
in the first essay Skjrerv0 proposes that Zarathustra, rather than
being an historical character, should be considered as a mythical
poet-sacrificer; in contrast, Schwartz argues in favor of the his
toricity of the Prophet. In Ch. 11 Malandra further examines the
~ubstance of the sky in Avestan cosmology, while Cantera (Ch.
„-·
Preface ix
12) discusses the Avesatn term a~a-. ln Ch. 13 R. Schmitt dis
cusses Iranian proper nouns as found in the works of Arisfotle;
Cereti investigates the continuity and change in MP onomastics
in Chapter 14; then Panaino offers his additional observations on
MP *māzdēsn. In Chapter 16 Sundermann discuss.es the demon
Āz in the Zororastrian and Manichaean traditions. Next Daryaee
(Ch. 17) discusses Gayomart in Zoroastrian tradition. In the first
ofthe three essays on Iranian history (Chs. 18~20), Frye presents
his observations on "the missing Achaemnids"; Shahbazi inves
tigates the role of Mithra as dispenser of justice on a Sasanian
· king who has brokeri his covenant with his subjects; next
Shayegan proposes an important outline for the study of Sa
sanian history. In the last essay (Ch. 21) Adhami offers some .
sugge~tions on deciphering two Sasanian sphragistic mono
grams.
Again, 1 would Iike to thank the contfibutors for their assis
tance in this project and 1 hope they will be able to recognize
their works, in spite of niy editorship; I also hope that my errors
have remained at an acceptable Ievel.
Last, but not least, I would like to thank Dr. Ahmad K.
Jabbari, President of Mazda Publishers, Ine., whose indefatigable
support of this project was of paramount importance. Mazda
Publishers, Ine. has in the past twenty-two years played a signifi
cant role in presenting highly valuable works, j>articularly on the
· various aspects of the Iranian· civilization, to the scholarly com
munity. We wish him even .greater success.
