Overseas Economic Relations and Statehood in Europe, 1860s–1970s: Shaping the World, Making the Nation

439 Pages·2023·7.996 MB·English

by  Gerold Krozewski

Routledge Studies in Modern History
OVERSEAS ECONOMIC
RELATIONS AND
STATEHOOD IN EUROPE,
1860 –1970
S S
SHAPING THE WORLD, MAKING THE NATION
Gerold Krozewski
Overseas Economic Relations and
Statehood in Europe, 1860s–1970s
Drawing on official, archival, and published sources, this book explores
how the formative history of the European nation-state was embedded
within economic globalization and associated with conceptions of the
world overseas.
With a particular focus on France, Germany, Italy, and Britain, this
research investigates how overseas relationships shaped state governance.
The argument departs from conventional histories by linking together the
analysis of economic relationships and political cultures, examining the
ways in which state agency formed in different areas such as national
economy building, the organization of overseas raw material and food
supplies, labour, migration, and national identity. Spanning over a century,
the book discusses the changing role of overseas colonies in European
national development. Once a means to complete economic liberalization,
colonies were then envisaged as tools of crisis management before, in the
mid-twentieth century, complementarities in imperial-colonial economies
shifted away from empire.
This volume covers neglected aspects of the transnational history of
European nation-states and is an ideal resource for students and
researchers interested in the ties between Europe, Africa, and Asia, as
well as connections between political, economic, and social relations
and their conceptualizations.
Gerold Krozewski is a professor of history at Osaka University, and a
research associate at the University of the Free State. His research covers
topics of Europe’s imperial and colonial economic and political relations.
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For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/
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Overseas Economic
Relations and
Statehood in Europe,
1860s–1970s
Shaping the World, Making
the Nation
Gerold Krozewski
First published 2023
by Routledge
605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158
and by Routledge
4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa
business
© 2023 Gerold Krozewski
The right of Gerold Krozewski to be identified as author of this
work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying and recording, or in any information
storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks
or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
ISBN: 978-1-032-38718-5 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-38719-2 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-34642-5 (ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/9781003346425
Typeset in Times New Roman
by MPS Limited, Dehradun
In Memory of My Brother

Contents
List of figures x
List of tables xi
Acknowledgments xii
PART 1
Premises, concepts, arguments 1
1 The overseas world and the European nation-state:
An introduction 3
The enquiry 3
Relating threads of research 7
Historical trajectories in the globe 14
Expert-practitioners, state governance, and the world 22
The book’s organization 27
PART 2
From interconnected regions to state formation
in the globe 41
2 The world as Europe’s crisis and opportunity: Economic
relations, 1860s–1900s 43
Overseas supplies, regional economies, and crises of
globalization 45
Experts, universal development, and national progress 55
Entrepreneurship, regional economies, and the globe 66
Agency and the private-public nexus 73
viii Contents
3 Governance for the nation’s progress: The tropics and
modern European statehood, 1890s–1910s 99
States as organizers in a global setting 101
Overseas relations, states, and national economies 108
Invigorating the nation abroad 117
Colonial control in the crisis of economic liberalism 126
From overseas co-opting states to imperial nation-states:
A synthesis 131
PART 3
Imperial statehood, modernity, and its discontents 151
4 National crises and rational development: Overseas raw
materials and currency relations, 1919–1939 153
Expert-practitioners on the nation’s predicament 154
Raw materials and currencies 160
Currency reserves and fats and oils 171
Overseas raw materials and rational statehood 175
National development and its imperial tangents 182
Studying state agency in interwar Europe 187
5 Imperial statehood as national necessity: The colonial
project in the 1930s 205
Expert-practitioners on the purpose of colonies 206
Colonies, the people’s welfare, and nutrition 211
Colonies and the nation’s reproduction 215
Colonies in national economic policy 223
The historical moment of imperial nation-states:
A synthesis 230
6 Continuities in the Second World War: Overseas support
for the nation’s war 247
War economies, imperial normality, and contingency 249
Organizing supplies and arranging payments 253
Colonial development for the European war 258
Planning for the post-war order 263
Pre-war to post-war statehood: A synthesis 267
Contents ix
PART 4
The liberal reordering of statehood and the world’s
developmental divide 279
7 European recovery and economic liberalization: From
overseas complementarities to the “developing world,”
1945–1960s 281
Western Europe and economic liberalization 283
Shifts in transnational and transregional economic
relations 287
Experts, colonial currency zones, and economic
redeployment 295
State governance for a liberalizing world 303
The transformation of national economies in the globe 309
8 Empires to globalizing nation-states: (Post-)colonies and
national development in Europe, 1950s–1970s 322
National economies, state agency, and the colonial nexus in
the 1950s 323
Tackling contradictions in imperial economic relations 329
Re-delineating national welfare 338
Reconfiguring empire overseas in the 1960s 345
Control relations, dependent territory, and European
states after empire 348
Analysing the global reproduction of states:
A synthesis 353
PART 5
Conclusion, retrospection, outlook 373
9 Globalization and the European nation-state: Retrospection
and legacy 375
Returning to the threads of research 375
Parallels with empire: From the Cold War to the 1990s 382
Tropical resource frontiers and transnational nation-states:
Old and new 387
The nation-state and the globe: Past and present 392
Index 407