Optogenetics: Light-Sensing Proteins and Their Applications

399 Pages·2015·15.74 MB·English

by  Hiromu Yawo

Hiromu Yawo · Hideki Kandori
Amane Koizumi Editors
Optogenetics
Light-Sensing Proteins and Their
Applications
Optogenetics

Hiromu Yawo (cid:129) Hideki Kandori
Amane Koizumi
Editors
Optogenetics
Light-Sensing Proteins
and Their Applications
Editors
Hiromu Yawo Hideki Kandori
Department of Developmental Biology and Department of Frontier Materials
Neuroscience Nagoya Institute of Technology
Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Nagoya , Japan
Sciences
Sendai , Japan
Amane Koizumi
National Institutes of Natural Sciences
Tokyo , Japan
ISBN 978-4-431-55515-5 ISBN 978-4-431-55516-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-55516-2
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015941512
Springer Tokyo Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
© Springer Japan 2015
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Pref ace
T his book is a genuine miracle consisting of 28 chapters in fi ve parts: “Light-
Sensing Proteins”, “Optogenetics in Biological Systems”, “Optogenetics in
Neuroscience”, “Medical Optogenetics”, and “Optogenetics and Opto-electronics”.
However, several recent topics were not included because the fi elds related to
optogenetics have been expanding explosively. There is also much room for science
and technology to employ various areas of optogenetics. In October 2014, while we
were meeting at the International Conference on Retinal Proteins in Nagahama,
Japan (ICRP2014), we received news that the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics had been
awarded to three scientists who invented blue LED. The “Era of Light” is just
beginning in the twenty-fi rst century. People have begun to learn how to manipulate
light as their ancestors learned to handle fi re over 500,000 years ago. Optogenetics
will also mature with the progress of basic technologies and will soon make
important contributions to human life and society. We will be very happy if this
book contributes to that revolution.
W hile editing this book, we noticed that the same important keywords are
frequently termed differently depending on the author (Table 1 ). For example,
genetic products that manipulate cellular functions when stimulated by light, such
as channelrhodopsin-2 , are frequently termed “optogenetic tools”. But the same
term is also used collectively to include genetic products that report cellular
functions by emitting light, such as GCaMP. This is because optogenetics is a young
fi eld of science. Here, we would like to propose a systematic nomenclature by
analogy with that of electronic devices such as “optogenetic biosensor (OBS)”,
“optogenetic bioactuator (OBA)”, and “optogenetic bioware (OBW)”.
T his present volume is based on a Japanese book published by NTS Inc.
Reading through it, we had the strong impression that that book would become a
milestone of optogenetics as well as a compass for any researchers, from beginners
to experts, to explore this uncharted world. No previous book had been as
comprehensive as that one, from the molecular basis of photoreceptor proteins to
clinical and industrial applications. The book should be read by any scientist or
v
vi Preface
student doing research in any way related to optogenetics all over the world.
For that reason, we have re-e dited the book in English with the collaboration of
the original and new authors.
Sendai, Japan Hiromu Yawo
Nagoya, Japan Hideki Kandori
Tokyo, Japan Amane Koizumi
November 2014
Table 1 Nomenclature for optogenetics
Proposed
nomenclature Defi nition Current terms Chapters
Optogenetic A genetic product that Fluorescent probe molecule 9
biosensor (OBS) reports cellular function by Genetically encoded indicator 10
emitting light (Chameleon,
Optical (molecular) probe 8, 12
GCaMP, etc.)
Optogenetic sensor 11
Optogenetic A genetic product that Light-sensitive protein 19
bioactuator (OBA) manipulates cellular Optogenetic actuator 21
function when stimulated
Optogenetic tool 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 22
by light (Channelrhodopsins,
Photoactivatable protein 10, 18
NpHR, Arch, PAC, etc.)
Photo-actuator molecule 9
Optogenetic Collective term covering Light-activated molecule 16
bioware (OBW) the above two items Optogenetic molecular reagent 8
Optogenetic protein 13
Optogenetic tool 9, 10
Contents
Part I Light-Sensing Proteins
1 History and Perspectives of Light-Sensing Proteins ............................ 3
Hideki Kandori
2 Biology of Light-Sensing Proteins in Plants and Microorganisms ..... 17
Mineo Iseki and Tetsuo Takahashi
3 Structure-Functional Analysis of Channelrhodopsins ........................ 31
Hideaki E. Kato, Ryuichiro Ishitani, and Osamu Nureki
4 Photochemistry of Halorhodopsin ......................................................... 47
Takashi Kikukawa, Naoki Kamo, and Makoto Demura
5 Molecular Mechanisms for Ion Transportation
of Microbial Rhodopsins Studied by Light- Induced Difference
FTIR Spectroscopy ................................................................................. 63
Yuji Furutani
6 Optogenetic Potentials of Diverse Animal Opsins ................................ 77
Akihisa Terakita, Takashi Nagata, Tomohiro Sugihara,
and Mitsumasa Koyanagi
7 Color Tuning in Retinylidene Proteins .................................................. 89
Kota Katayama, Sivakumar Sekharan, and Yuki Sudo
Part II Optogenetics in Biological Systems
8 General Description: Future Prospects of Optogenetics ..................... 111
Hiromu Yawo, Ryo Egawa, Shoko Hososhima, and Lei Wen
9 Optogenetic Manipulation and Probing ............................................... 133
Masamichi Ohkura, Junko Sadakari, and Junichi Nakai
vii
viii Contents
10 Probing Neuronal Activity Using Genetically Encoded
Red Fluorescent Calcium Indicators ..................................................... 149
Takuya Sasaki
11 Optogenetic Sensors for Monitoring Intracellular Chloride .............. 159
Ken Berglund, Lei Wen, and George J. Augustine
12 Optogenetic Imaging of Protein Activity in the Synapse
Using 2-Photon Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy ............. 185
Hideji Murakoshi and Akihiro C.E. Shibata
13 Optogenetics in Drosophila..................................................................... 199
Hiroshi Kohsaka and Akinao Nose
14 Optogenetics in Caenorhabditis elegans ................................................ 213
Yuki Tsukada and Ikue Mori
15 Optogenetics Research Using the Mouse as a Model System.............. 227
Kenji F. Tanaka
Part III Optogenetics in Neuroscience
16 Neuroscientific Frontline of Optogenetics ............................................ 241
Akihiro Yamanaka
17 Elucidation of Neuronal Circuitry Involved in the Regulation
of Sleep/Wakefulness Using Optogenetics............................................. 249
Tomomi Tsunematsu and Akihiro Yamanaka
18 Optogenetic Analysis of Striatal Connections to Determine
Functional Connectomes ........................................................................ 265
Nao Chuhma
19 Potential of Optogenetics for the Behavior Manipulation
of Non-human Primates ......................................................................... 279
Masaharu Kinoshita and Tadashi Isa
20 Activity Regulation in the Study of Neural Plasticity .......................... 291
Shoji Komai
21 Strategies to Probe Mechanoreception: From Mechanical
to Optogenetic Approaches .................................................................... 305
Zhi-Gang Ji, Toru Ishizuka, and Hiromu Yawo
22 Casting Light on the Role of Glial Cells in Brain Function ................ 315
Ko Matsui
Part IV Medical Optogenetics
23 Towards Understanding the Neural Mechanism of Behavioral
Phenotypes Seen in Psychiatric Disorders ............................................ 331
Nobuhiro Nakai, Ofer Yizhar, and Toru Takumi
Contents ix
24 Establishment of Gene Therapy Using Channelrhodopsin-2
to Treat Blindness .................................................................................... 341
Eriko Sugano and Hiroshi Tomita
25 Optogenetic Approaches to Restoring Intrinsic Visual Processing
Features in Retinal Ganglion Cells ........................................................ 353
Zhuo-Hua Pan, Anding Bi, and Qi Lu
26 On Optogenetic Tissue Engineering on Visual Cells: A Review
on Its Development, Practices and Application .................................... 367
Misato Ichise and Seigo Yamada
Part V Optogenetics and Opto-electronics
27 CMOS-Based Neural Interface Device for Optogenetics .................... 375
Takashi Tokuda, Toshihiko Noda, Kiyotaka Sasagawa, and Jun Ohta
28 Use of Channelrhodopsin in the Development of Neural-Network
High-Throughput Screening Devices .................................................... 391
Tsuneo Urisu
Index ................................................................................................................. 405