On the Logic of the Social Sciences

237 Pages·1990·7.13 MB·English

by  Jurgen Habermas

Bookbsy J iirgeHna bermaisn cludientd h es eries
StudiienCs o ntemporGaerrym aSno ciTahlo ught
Thomas McgCeanreterhdayil,t or
JiirgeHna bermaBse,t weFeanc atnsd N onns: Contributtoai Doinssc ourse
Theooryf L awa ndD emocracy
JiirgeHna bermaJsu,s tificaantdAi ppolni catRieomna:r oknsD iscouErsteh ics
JiirgeHna bermaOsn, t hLeo giocf t hSeo ciSacli ences
JiirgeHna bermaTsh,eI ncluosfti hoOent her: SitnPu odliietTsih ceryao l
JiirgeHna bermaTsh,eL iberaPtoiwneogrf S ymboPlhsi:l osoEpshsiacyasl
JiirgeHna bermaMso,r aClo nsciouasnndCe osmsm unicaAtcitvieo n
JiirgeHna bermaTsh,eN ewC onservatiCsuml:t uCrrailt iacinsdmt he
HistorDieabnaste'
JiirgeHna bermaTsh,eP hilosoDpihsiccoaulor fMs oed ernity:T welLveec tures
JiirgeHna bermaPsh,i losophicalP-rPoofillietsi cal
JiirgeHna bermaPso,s tmetapThhyisnikciaPlnh gi:l osoEpshsiaycsa l
JiirgeHna bermaTsh,eP ostnatCioonnsatle llPaotliiotEnis:cs aaly s
JiirgeHna bermaOsn,t hPer agmaotfiC cosm munication
JiirgeHna bermaOsn,t hPer agmaotfiS cso ciIanlt eracPtrieolni:m inary Studies
int hTeh eooryf C ommunicAacttiivoen
JiirgeHna bermaTsh,eS tructTurraanls formoaftt hiPeou nb lSipch eAren:
Inquiiryn tao C ategoofBry o urgeSooicise ty
JiirgeHna bermaesd,i toOrb,s ervatoino" nTsh Sep iritSuiatlu aotfit ohAneg e"
On theL ogiocf t heS ocial
Sciences
JiiregnH abermas
translabtyeS dh ierWreyb erN icholsen
andjerAr.yS tark
TheM ITP ress
CambridgMea,s sahcusetts
Thitsr anslactoipoynri g©h t198M8a ssachusIentstst itoufT teec hnology
Thiwso rko riginaalplpye arienGd e rman aas sp ecisaulp plemevnotlaulm oeft hjeo urnal
PhilosoRprmdhsicshciahnuFt e brua1ry9 67I.tw as publisihnebo do kf orimn t hev olume
entit.('luedrL ogdierlr.So t.ialwissmscha1f9tm7S0,u h©r kamVpe rlaFgr,a nkfaumr Mta in,
FederRaelp ubloifGc e rmany.
Allri ghtresesrv ed. Nop arotft hiboso km ayb er eproducienad n yf oromr b ya nym eans,
electroornm iecc haniicnacll,u dpihnogt ocopyriencgo,r doirnb gy,a nyi nformasttioorna ge
andr etriesvyaslt ewmi,t hopeurtm issiionwn ri tinfgr otmh ep ublisher.
Prinatneddb ounidnt heU nitSetda tes
ofA meribcyaM aple-IVnaci.l ,
Libaryr ofC ongresCsa taloging-inD-aPtuab lication
Habermas,J ii rgen.
[ZuLro gidke rSoz ialwissenschEanfgtleins.h ]
On thel ogiocf t hseoc iaslc iences/HJaiiberrgmeans t;r anslbaytS ehdi erWrye beNri cholsen
andj erryA .St ark.
p.c m.-(Studiince osn temporGaerrym asno citahlo ught)
TranslaotfiZ:ou nr L ogikd erS ozialwissenschaften.
"Originaaplpelayr edi nG ermaans a spceails upplemevnotulamle o ft hjeo urnal
PhilosopRhllisllccllsh/aeai unF ebrua1ry9 67-"C IP t.pv.e no.
Bibliogrpa.p hy:
Incluidneesdx .
ISB0N. 282·081(77h-bI8)S B0N. 282·5(pb81)04 -3
IS.o cisacli ences-MethIod.To iltloIegI.yS. .e ri es.
H61.H2511938 8 300'.72-dcl9 88-583
109 8 7
Contents
IntrodubcyT thioomnaM sc Carthy vii
TranslaNtotoer 's XI
Praecfe xm
I TheD ualismo fth e Naturaanld C ulturSacli ences I
A HistoRrecioncstarcltu ion 3
2 SocioalnoHdgi styo r:y TChoen temporary
Discussion 16
D On theM ethodoloofgyG eneraTlh eorieosf
SociaAlc tion 43
3 Normtai-vAeanlyatniEdcm p iicral-yAitnca l
Approachest oS ociSacli ence 45
4 IntentinoalA ctianodnS t imulus-ReBsephoanvsieo r 53
5 hTreeF ormosfF untcionalism 74
m On the ProbleomfU nderstandinMge aning in
the Empirical-AnalSyctiiecn coefsA ction 89
6 TheP henomenoAlpopgriocaaclh 92
7 TheL inguAipsptrioca ch II 7
8 TheH ermetniAecpu parcoh 143
vi
Contetsn
IV Sociogyl oasT heoroyft heP resent 171
9 TheL imoiftL si nguisOtriinetceaIdltn leyret pirve
Sociology 175
I O0 peQnu estions 186
Notes 109
Index 209
Introduction
ThomasM cCarthy
Wheinfit sr atp peedai rn1 976,On thLeo giofc t hSeo ciSaclei nccesh al­
lnegetdh eeix stdiinvgi osfli aobnbo erwte etnh sec ieanncdte hse
humantii"eWsh:i tlehen ataulsr cisea nndct ehheu manieiastr aebl e
tol isviedb yes idienm, u tuianlde irffenicnfoe t m uitnu aadlm i­ra
tino,th es ocsicailse m nucserte sotlhvteee nsbiewotenne tthwoe
approaacnhbder sit nhge umn doenrre o oAf.t"h attti mdei sscinusos
oft hmee thodoofsl coigeywn ecrseet diolmli enda tlboyg ipcotasi­liv
ismK.u hnp'ast ehabkriwnogrp kub,l hiesadf we yeaerasr lhiaedr ,
onlbye gtuonm akieset lflfea tm onpgh ilosso ofnp ahteaurlsr cience;
int hpeh isloopohfys ocsiceainlc ietw a sa,n dw ast or meaifnro
soemt imteoc omoen,la dy i tsarnut mblTihnuHgsa.b ermmaasni' s
concwearstn o c halglee nthheeg emoofn" yme piircal-iacnaall"y t
concepotfsi oocnsicsai le ntcose h,o iwn,p artitchualatac rcte,os s
thsey mbolllsiytc rauecdot jbuercdto maoifsn o ciinaqlyu c ialrled
frop rocreedssui miliani rmp otranrte spetcott sh osdee velionp ed
thtee tx-tienrprheutmianingei Istn.m akitnhgip so nith,e w as
alreaabdltyeo d rauwp oinsn igdhetvse dl oiptnehp eh enom­eno
logi(ccSahtluz, e) htnotmheodol(GogafiirnckaCelil c,eo )lul,rni gu­is
ti(cWi gtettnensi,W inhc,) ahnerdm neeuti(cGa dametrrda)ti ions,
ando nt hibsa stioms o nuta na rgmeunttah ta nticipianat leld
essentrieeasclpst t hseu sbqeuednetc loifpn oets iiviasnmdr iosfe
itnerpre.t ivism
Ift hwieser atlhlew reer teot hseot ry,O n theL ogiofc theS ocial
Scienwceosu lbedp rimaorfhi itlsoyr iitcnearlae sas s tti rkianntgi ci­
paitoonfc ontemrpydo vereaplmoentBsut.th eirmseo r.He aebrmas
argujeudsa tsf rocuelfalgyna sit isnwgti ont egho ppiotseex tre em
of" hernmeteiuci dea,l"wi hsimhcahss i nacceh ides voemetohfi ng
viii
Introduction
ac outnerhegienmt hoepn hyi losoofsp ohcsyic aile (nbtcun eo to,f
courisnte h,pe r taicocfe sroecsiceahal.T)r hep oinwtas -anids ­
tob rienxglp atnoarayn di tnerpraeptpoiarvceh "eusdn ero ne
ro,o"afs M axW ebehrad a lreaednTy.h uswseeh avhee rneoo tn ly
ana nticipoaftt ihorente e rato fp ositibvuitas cmr,i tique-in­
advanocfte h aebs oulitzionfig tn erpraepptriovaec thheafstlo ­
low.eI dsfo crieasle iansro ctthob er etsricttoee xldpi carteicnogn,­
strucatniddn ecgo,n strmuecatniinwngeg m su,ss to mehgorwa sp
theo bjectiinvetc oennreicotnss oocfai ctailo tnhse", m eanngi"s
thehya vbee yotnhdo isneetn dbeyda ctso reomrb edd dietnr adi­
tinosW.e m usitn,s hto,vr iecwu ltiunrr leeai totno t hmea etrial
condiotfieloa innfstd h ehisirt ortircaoanrlsm tfai.o n
Witthh iisnm inHd,ab ermgaose s heornte oe xamifnunce­
toinal'iasptp roianpc aherustlr,ia, ct hset rruacultn-uicfotlniasomf
TaolctPtar sno.sH e finds tthhaeate ttm pttoc o nceiovfteh es ocial
systaesamf un citoncaolml peoxfi nistttuioinnws h iccuhl atlpu art­
teranrsme a dneo rtmiavbeilinynd fgro a ctdiooensf runiusswh i th
impaonrttto oflroas n azliynogjb eicvtietn erncneoctioofanc tiso n;
buitst u effrfsor ma s horctut-iiconifgrt hhee rmenaenucdtr iict ical
dmiensioofsn osc ainalalsy i"sI:tn h fear mweorokfa ctitohne ory,
motivferoas c itoanr hear moniwzietidhn sttiiotvnuaall.u .eWs.e .
maya ssmue,h owevetrh,at r eperssende edwsh icahr en ota bsordb e
into sociarlo letsr,a fnosrmedi not motivtaionasn,d sanncetd,i o
neverstshha evel etihtenierr ptrineostE.ai thteherei s tnerpretations
'voerostht'oh ee xitsinogrd era ndas,u topian anticipationssig,ni fy
an ot-ycecteu-slgss rufoiudpe intotyr;t, r aonrsmfeidn tieodo logies,
theseyvr ep rjeoctie svubistetug trtaicfiaitona sw elals t hjeu tsifica­
tioofnr epreasutshiotnrig.ie "Hs abersma arguesif t htaehn aatsisl y
of ssoyctsieamwlse rfelu ltyoi nocrportahtedesi em ensiictoo nusl,d
nol ongbeeur n dseotroda sa f romo fe mpiraincaaillcy-satcli ence
ont hmeo delo fb ioliowtgo yu;hl avde t o tbresao fnrmeindot ah is­
toriocraileltnyht eeoodrfs y o ctiywe itahp rtaiccianlt eThnetfo .r m
sucah theorwyo ultda kies t haotfa "ssyteimcaatglelenryai lzed
histotrhayt"r eeflctiyv gerlastpheefdo r matipvreo ceosfssoc ieatsy
aw hloer,e nctsoructthiceno gn toermapsriyt iuowanit tvhi ean wo t
onltyois tp asbtut toi s tp racJtiaiyntc iaicpeadftu turaesw elTlh.i s
is,in f acwt,h atth ec lsaslis ccoaailt heorwiesrtaesf ter-ftrhoem
naturhails toofcr iyvs iolc ioeft ytS hoceti tsmho arlitsrhtousg,h
Marxh'iss tomratiecrail,a t loWi esbmetrh'esoo rfry a tionoanl.i zati
ix
Introduction
Andy eHta,b ermmaasi nttahiewnyese r,u nalbeto g ratshpme e th­
odolosgpiecficacilio tfsy u cah t heeotricianolfrlmyea dn dp racti­
calolryit eehndit soriyn;sd t,te haetyr ireeedpa teadnlidyn v, ai nt,o
asmsiailtiett o t hsert icntomloyl ogsicciaeln ncaetsu roef.
Habremafisn disn p sycnhaolaytshimeso sstu ggestmiovdee l
forre ocnceptuaanldrie nzietigntrgia ntghe ex apnloarty iatnen­rd
preet,fi unvctionaandln iarsrta teilveems er neutqriedfro s ocial
the.oA rntyiciptahteeixt negnd dd esicsuisoonfF eruidn K nolwedge
anHdu maInn te(rwehicshtw sa sp ublisihnte hdfe lo logw yiena,r )
hev iepwssy cnhaoliyctt heoarsay g eneirtnaelr prsecthieovmfee
a
pscyhdoynamdiecv emleonpwth,o saep plictaott hineoa nr rative
recsortnuctoifio nnd ivlieidh fuiaoslrt iceaslf lors aec uliparc ombi­
naitoonf i tnerepitrvuend erstnadign andc auseaxlpn laatiaonnd,
whosceoor broradteiepodnsni nt hlea asnta loynst ihsseu cceusls f
cotinnuiaotnt hoofss aeml eeih fisiteoIsrna. n a nalogwoauycs,r iti­
caslo ctihaelo urnydt earkaen sar ratrieovcnets rucotfit ohsnee ­lf
fromatpirvoec oefss osct iywe,i tah viteoiw ts scu ceuslcs ofinnta­u
tion":I np laocfet hgeo asaltt-oef a se-rlefgulsaytsitnwegem ,
wouhladv teh een d-sotfaaf rotmea tpiorvcsees A. h ermeneutically
enlightdea nnehdi tsorlliyoc raiteefndun ction.a.ilgs.iu s imdb eyd
ane mancoirpcyao tgniittnieevtrst eh aati matsr eflteic.o.nT .h.e
spectioceoos n stteiistt suienflro fm aitvper oc,ew shsieacsrhse e di­
metneidnt hset rulcc thaunrgoefs ocsiyaslt aenmds ,w chaibnce h
a
refltee,ctd haitss ,y sttiecmyaan lalrrafortmea dna n itcitpepadoi nt
ofv ie.w"
Sienp cublishiOnngt hLego icof thSeo cSicaile Hnacebersm,a s has
consideexrpaabdnl udype oan n umbeorfis tk yee lemeTnhtu,ss .
froe xampslybemo,l iitnce ractainodenh tinsomm edtolhoogfyun,c ­
tiaolni,as nmd sytshteeohmrasyvc eo mienf ro e xtenddeids cussion
inl aetrw rtiin.Ag nsda lthoHuagbhe rcmoauswl rdi itn1e 9 8t2h at
hes tfiuolnldt hbea sliicon fe amregncutro rteh,ce h aastl erheids
postiioinna n umbeorfi moprtarnetsc pteTsh.ei deoaff uondgi n
socli-asciienniqtruiiynfi ca otflh aenogruyw ahgieac,lh r eeaxdiys ted
ing erimnK nolwedagneHd u maInn tecraemsett ods o,m ienh aiwtso rk
onu nivsearplra gmaticasn dr atiorneactlorn tusicoinnt hlet aer
sitiexsa nde arsleynv iteeTso.w dat rheen odf t h1e9 07sh es trated
thteu rtnah tc umlintaeidn T heT heoofry C ommcuantiAicvteia o n,
turmnar kebdyt hwea rnitnhgam tet hodgoyal node ptiesmgoyl o
arneo r oyraolat dos octihaelo Rrayt.hq eursei,to cnosn certnhien g