Table Of ContentT
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NUTRITION e
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Nutrition, Fertility, and a
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Human Reproductive Function
One in six couples around the world experience infertility. Before undertaking expensive
and intrusive assisted reproductive treatment such as in vitro fertilization, many seek a
advice from their physicians or dietitians on what foods and supplements might n
enhance their fertility. But health practitioners are often ill equipped to provide dietary d
recommendations in a scientifically based manner. Nutrition, Fertility, and Human
H
Reproductive Function provides a comprehensive guide to clinicians on how they
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can best advise their patients to optimize fertility and reproductive function through m
optimal nutrition.
a N
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Taking a holistic or “whole-of-life” approach, the book reviews the role of nutrition in
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human fertility and explores its effect on male and female reproductive physiology. R r
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Problem-oriented topics are arranged in chapters that each cover a specific clinical e t
i
p o
topic of interest, allowing easy reference by the practicing clinician. From the female
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perspective, the book covers the role of nutrition on essential reproductive processes o
,
such as ovulation, early embryo development, implantation, and sexual function, d F
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together with nutrition’s influence on the duration of the reproductive life span. In the
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male context, it examines the effect of nutrition on hormone and sperm production t
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as well as sexual function. The book also includes information on evidence-based i l
v i
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complementary health approaches such as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and e y
naturopathy. F , Nutrition, Fer tility, and
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This book draws on the wide experience of several respected leaders in clinical nutrition n
who combine research expertise with clinical insight. The information contained c
Human Reproductive
herein will enable clinicians to make the best recommendations for their patients for t
i
o
optimizing fertility.
n
Function
K21796
Edited by
Kelton Tremellen
6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW
Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487
711 Third Avenue
New York, NY 10017 Karma Pearce
an informa business
2 Park Square, Milton Park
www.crcpress.com Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK
w w w . c r c p r e s s . c o m
Nutrition, Fertility, and
Human Reproductive
Function
Nutrition, Fertility, and
Human Reproductive
Function
Edited by
Kelton Tremellen, MD, PhD
Professor of Reproductive Medicine
Flinders University
South Australia
Karma Pearce, PhD
University of South Australia
Adelaide
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2015 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20141010
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This book is dedicated to Andrew E. Czeizel, in honor of his
pioneering work in the field of periconception nutritional supplements
for the prevention of congenital abnormalities in children.
Professor Czeizel was born in Budapest, Hungary in 1935. Following completion of medical and
scientific training (PhD), he became a clinical geneticist and headed up the Hungarian Congenital
Abnormality Register, the world’s first national registry for the analysis of the causes of congeni-
tal abnormalities in children. This work spurred his interest in public health initiatives that may
prevent these types of abnormalities. In 1984 Professor Czeizel went on to established a precon-
ception family planning program in Hungary that focused on getting women into optimal health
both before conception and during the vital early part of pregnancy so as to optimize fetal organ
development. Part of this program consisted of encouraging women to take prenatal nutritional
supplements (vitamins including folate, minerals, and trace elements) in the hope that this may help
prevent congenital abnormalities. It was through this service that Professor Czeizel conducted the
first ever randomized controlled trial (RCT) proving that prenatal multivitamin supplements could
prevent primary neural tube defects and several other major congenital abnormalities. The results
of this study are discussed by Professor Czeizel in Chapter 5 of this book.
The ingredients of one of the most popular prenatal vitamin supplements (Elevit, Pronatal by
Bayer) used by millions of women around the world are based on the formulation used in the
pioneering Hungarian RCT. Therefore, Professor Czeizel’s work has been directly instrumental
in popularizing the general use of prenatal multivitamin supplements and led to the prevention of
innumerable cases of congenital abnormalities around the world.
Professor Czeizel has published more than 100 original research articles and book chapters, plus
served on numerous editorial boards and advisory bodies (including the WHO Centre for Control of
Hereditary Diseases). Professor Czeizel is now retired from clinical practice but still maintains an
active research interest in the prevention of congenital abnormalities through nutritional interven-
tion. For this reason we dedicate this book in his honor.
Contents
Preface...............................................................................................................................................ix
Editors ...............................................................................................................................................xi
Contributors ...................................................................................................................................xiii
Chapter 1 Nutrition and Ovulatory Function ................................................................................1
Jorge E. Chavarro, Audrey J. Gaskins, and Myriam C. Afeiche
Chapter 2 The Role of Diet and Lifestyle Modification in the Treatment of Polycystic
Ovary Syndrome ........................................................................................................27
Rebecca L. Thomson, Helena J. Teede, Nigel K. Stepto, Lauren K. Banting,
and Lisa J. Moran
Chapter 3 Macronutrient Intake, Fertility, and Pregnancy Outcome .........................................51
Tarek El-Toukhy and Amira Osman
Chapter 4 The Role of Micronutrients in the Prevention of Congenital Anomalies in the
Fetus and Optimization of Pregnancy Outcomes ......................................................69
Zohra S. Lassi, Dania Mallick, and Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
Chapter 5 A Review of the Pivotal Studies Supporting the Use of Periconceptional
Multivitamins in the Prevention of Congenital Abnormalities ..................................89
Andrew E. Czeizel, Istvan Dudás, and Atilla Vereczkey
Chapter 6 Maternal Nutrition and Its Influence on the Health of the Next Generation:
The “Developmental Origins Hypothesis” ...............................................................107
Hitomi Okubo, Siân M. Robinson, and Keith M. Godfrey
Chapter 7 Chinese Herbal Supplements and the Treatment of Female Infertility ....................129
Karin Ried and Clare Pyers
Chapter 8 Nutritional and Dietary Interventions for Menopause .............................................165
Sheila M. Wicks and Gail B. Mahady
Chapter 9 The Effect of Obesity on Male Reproductive Function ...........................................191
Nathalie Sermondade, Charlotte Dupont, Celine Faure, and Rachel Levy
vii
viii Contents
Chapter 10 Nutrition and Sperm Function ..................................................................................213
Myriam C. Afeiche, Audrey J. Gaskins, and Jorge E. Chavarro
Chapter 11 Nutritional Supplementation for the Treatment of Male Infertility .........................235
Saad Alshahrani, Ashok Agarwal, David Collins, and Sebo Ling Wang
Chapter 12 The Role of Nutrition in Male Sexual Function .......................................................257
Joan Khoo, Richard Y. T. Chen, and Gary A. Wittert
Chapter 13 The Role of Nutrition in Optimizing Assisted Reproductive Technology
Treatment Outcomes ................................................................................................283
Deirdre Zander-Fox and Hassan W. Bakos
Chapter 14 Naturopathic Treatments for Infertility and Reproductive Disorders ......................309
Leah N. Hechtman and Joseph E. Pizzorno
Appendix A: Recommended Dietary Intake for Macro- and Micronutrients for
Various Countries ........................................................................................................................353
Appendix B: Websites for Key Position Statements on Diet and Fertility ..............................377
