Table Of ContentNutrients in Cancer Prevention and Treatment
Experimental Biology and Medicine
Nutrients in Cancer Prevention and Treatment, edited by Kedar N.
Prasad, Leonida Santamaria, and R. Miehael Williams, 1995
The Resistance Arteries: Integration of the Regulatory Pathways,
edited by William Halpern, John Bevan, Joseph Brayden,
Harriet Dustan, Mark Nelson, and George Osol, 1994
Neoplastic Transformation in Human Cell Culture: Mechanisms
of Carcinogenesis, edited by Johng S. Rhim and Anatoly
Dritsehilo, 1991
Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Disease • 1990, edited by
D. V. Ablashi, A. T. Huang, J. S. Pagano, G. R. Pearson,
and C. S. Yang, 1991
Nutrients and Cancer Prevention, edited by Kedar N. Prasad
and Frank L. Meyskens, Jr., 1990
Hepatic Encephalopathy, edited by Roger F. Butterworth
and Gilles Pomier Layrargues, 1989
Molecular Actions of A1cohol, edited by Graee Y. Sun, P. Kevin
Rudeen, W. Gibson Wood, Yau Huei Wei, and Albert Y. Sun, 1989
Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Disease • 1988, edited by
D. V. Ablashi, A. Faggioni, G. R. F. Krueger, J. S. Pagano,
and G. R. Pearson, 1989
Macromolecular Biorecognition, edited by lrwin Chaiken,
Emilia Chianeone, Angelo Fontana, and Paolo Neri, 1987
Molecular Basis of Lymphokine Action, edited by David R Webb,
Cari W. Pieree, and Stanley Cohen, 1987
Biology of Copper Complexes, edited by John RJ. Sorenson, 1987
Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Disease, edited by P. H. Levine,
D. V. Ablashi, M. Nonoyama, G. R. Pearson, and R. Glaser, 1987
Methods of Protein Sequence Analysis • 1986, edited by
Kenneth A. Walsh, 1987
Regulation of Immune Gene Expression, edited by Mare Feldmann
and Andrew MeMiehael, 1986
Biological Methylation and Drug Design, edited by Ronald T.
Borehardt, Cyrus R Creveling, and Per Magne Ueland, 1986
Retroviruses and Human Pathology, edited by Robert C. Gallo,
Dominique Stehelin, and Oliviero E. Varnier, 1985
Directed Drug Delivery, edited by Ronald T. Borehardt, Arnold
Repta, and Valentino Stella, 1985
Immune Regulation, edited by Mare Feldmann and N. A.
Mitehison, 1985
Nutrients
in Cancer Prevention
and Treatment
Edited by
Kedar N. Prasad, PhD
ca
University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver,
Leonida Santamaria, MD
University of Pavia, Italy
R. Michael Williams, MD, PhD
Cancer Treatment Center of America, Des Moines, IA
*
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Humana Press Inc. in 1995
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1995
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10987654321
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Nutrients in cancer prevention aud treatment I edited by Kedar N.
Prasad, Leonida Santamaria, R. Michael Williams.
p. cm. - (Experimental biology aud medicine)
Inc1udes bibliographical references aud index.
ISBN 978-1-4612-6675-4 ISBN 978-1-4612-0237-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4612-0237-0
1. Vitamins-Therapeutic use. 2. Caucer-Nutritional aspects.
1. Prasad, Kedar N. II. Sautamaria, Leonida. III. WilIiams, R.
Michael. IV. Series: Experimental biology and medicine (Totowa, NI)
[DNLM: 1. Neoplasms-prevention & control. 2. Vitamins
therapeutic use. 3. Antioxidauts-therapeutic use. QZ 200 N9757 1995]
RC271.V58N881995
616.99' 40654-dc20
DNLM/DLC
for Library of Congress 95-15205
CIP
Preface
Nutrients in Cancer Prevention and Treatment contains articles
that were presented by leading researchers and physicians in the
field of nutritional oncology. Most of the previous conference
proceedings on Nutrition and Cancer have dealt primarily with
the issue of the role of nutrients in cancer prevention. This is
logical because enormous quantities of laboratory and epi
demiologic data have been published on the topic.
Nutrients in Cancer Prevention and Treatment also contains
several studies on the role of diet and vitamins in cancer treat
ment. There are very few books that have reviewed laboratory
and clinical studies and the role of vitamins in cancer treatment.
There are preliminary data suggesting that daily supplementa
tion with high doses of certain vitamins in combination with
conventional therapeutic agents may enhance their growth
inhibitory effects on tumor cells, and may protect normal tissues
against some of their toxic effects. This book is unique in the sense
that several articles have discussed the mechanisms of action of
individual vitamins on cellular and molecular parameters. It is
very exciting to note that some of the vitamins inhibit protein
kinase C activity, increase the production of certain growth
factors, and modulate the expression of a number of oncogenes.
These studies, at least in part, offer rationales for the cancer
protective effects of vitamins.
Nutrients in Cancer Prevention and Treatment contains an
article showing that these vitamins not only have direct effects on
differentiation and growth inhibitory effects of X-irradiation,
chemotherapeutic agents, and hyperthermia. In addition to vita-
v
vi Preface
mins, there are also articles describing the roles of protease
inhibitors, calories, exercise, and fat in the mechanisms of
carcinogenesis. We believe that this book will serve as an excel
lent reference source for those who are involved in nutrition and
cancer research, as well as those oncologists who are involved in
the actual treatment and care of cancer patients. We hope that
Nutrients in Cancer Prevention and Treatment will stimulate much
new research in all the many promising areas of basic and clinical
nutritional oncology.
Kedar N. Prasad, PhD
Leonida Santamaria, MD
R. Michael Williams, MD, PhD
Preface
Preface ............................................................................................... v
PART I. CARCIN"OGENESIS ....•..•.•.•......•.•......•......••.....•.•...•..•.•.•..•.••••.•..•.• 1
G Protein Pathways and Regulation of Neoplastic
Transformation
Jianghao Chen, Michael DeVivo, and Ravi Iyengar ................... 3
PART II. CANCER PREVENTION STUDIES: LAB STUDIES ........................ 19
Vitamin E Succinate Inhibits Protein Kinase C:
Correlation with Its Unique Inhibitory Effects on Cell Growth
and Transformation
R. Gopalakrishna, U. Gundimeda, and Z. Chen ....................... 21
Vitamin E Succinate: Mechanisms of Action as Tumor Cell
Growth Inhibitor
Kimberly Kline, Weiping Yu, Bihong Zhao, Karen Israel,
April Charpentier, Maria Simmons-Menchaca,
and Bob G. Sanders ................................................................. 39
Vitamin D, Gene Expression, and Cancer
Hector F. DeLuca ........................................................................... 57
Mechanisms of Cancer Prevention: Effects of Protease
Inhibitors on Proteases and Gene Expression
Ann R. Kennedy .............................................................................. 71
Antioxidants and Cancer Prevention In Vivo and In Vitro
Andrija Kornhauser, Lark A. Lambert, Wayne G. Wamer,
Rong Rong Wei, Sukadev Lavu, and William C. Timmer ..... 83
vii
Vlll Contents
Ascorbic Acid and Gastrointestinal Cancer
Marvin Cohen and Hemmi N. Bhagavan ................................. 101
Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Retinoids in Relation
to Chemoprevention of Cancer
Donald L. Hill, Tzu-Wen Shih, Tsu-Han Lin,
and Y. Fulmer Shealy ............................................................. 119
Involvement of Retinoic Acid Nuclear Receptors
in Transcriptional Regulation of Tissue Transglutaminase,
the Gene Involved in Apoptosis
Ajit K. Verma and Mitchell F. Denning .................................... 137
Mechanisms of Dietary Fat-Induced Colon Cancer
Promotion
Ba ndaru S. Reddy ........................................................................ 157
Calories and Exercise as Modifiers of Cancer Risk
E. B. Thorling and N. O. Jacobsen ............................................. 173
Po1cyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-DNA Adducts in Smokers
and Their Relationship to Micronutrient Levels
and Glutathione-S-Transferase M1 Genotype
Ricardo A. Grinberg-Funes, Vishwa N. Singh, Frederica P.
Perera, Douglas A. Bell, Tie Lan Young, Christopher
Dickey, Lian W. Wang, and Regina M. Santella .............. 191
Aspects of Commercial Deep-Fat Frying of Fallafel
and Its Relation to Liver Tumor
1. A. Sadek, S. S. A. Zeyadah, H. M. Ismail, and S. 1. Saleh ... 211
III. 221
PART CANCER PREVENTION STUDffiS: HUMAN STUDffiS ...............
Antioxidant Vitamins and Cancer: The Physicians' Health
Study and Women's Health Study
Julie E. Buring ............................................................................... 222
Beta-Carotene and Antioxidant Nutrients in Oral Cancer
Prevention
Harinder Garewal ........................................................................ 235
Contents
lX
Nutritional Prevention Trials for Colorectal Neoplasia
E. Robert Greenberg ..................................................................... 249
PART IV. CANCER TREATMENT STUDIES: LAB STUDIES ...................... 263
Vitamins Induce Cell Differentiation, Growth Inhibition,
and Enhance the Effect or Tumor Therapeutic Agents
on Some Cancer Cells In Vitro
Kedar N. Prasad ........................................................................... 265
Molecular and Biochemical Control of Tumor Growth
Following Treatment with Carotenoids or Tocopherols
Joel L. Schwartz ........................................................................... 287
Inhibition and Regression of Experimental Oral Cancer
by Beta Carotene and Vitamin E: Emerging Concepts
Gerald Shklar ............................................................................... 317
Novel Approaches to the Prevention of Chemotherapy
Induced Alopecia
Joaquin J. Jiminez and Adel A. Yunis ....................................... 333
PART V. CANCER TREATMENT STUDIES: HUMAN STUDIES ................. 347
Role of Vitamin A and Its Derivatives in the Treatment
of Human Cancer
Frank L. Meyskens Jr ................................................................... 349
Use of Vitamins as Adjunct to Conventional Cancer Therapy
Ja e Ho Kim, Sang Hie Kim, Shao-Qin He,
Ja dranka Dragovic, and Stephen Brown ............................ 363
Orthomolecular Treatment of Cancer
A. Hoffer ........................................................................................ 373
Subject Index ................................................................................ 393
I
PART
Carcinogenesis
