Nuclear Waste Management. Accomplishments of the Environmental Management Science Program

352 Pages·2006·27.59 MB·English

by  Paul W. Wang and Tiffany Zachry (Eds.)

Nuclear WasteM anagement
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In Nuclear Waste Management; Wang, P., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
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In Nuclear Waste Management; Wang, P., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 943
Nuclear Waste Management
1 Accomplishments of the
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Sponsored by the
ACS Division of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology
American Chemical Society, Washington, DC
In Nuclear Waste Management; Wang, P., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Nuclear waste management : accomplishments of the Environmental Management
Science Program / Paul W. Wang, editor, Tiffany Zachry, editor ; sponsored by the
ACS Division of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology.
p. cm.—(ACS symposium series ; 943)
Developed from a symposium sponsored by the Division of Nuclear Chemistry and
1 Technology at the 226th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in New
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cs.org 43.fw0 YInorcklu, dSeesp bt.i b7l-io1g1r,a2p0h0ic3a. l references and index.
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PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
In Nuclear Waste Management; Wang, P., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
Foreword
The ACS Symposium Series was first published in 1974 to pro
vide a mechanism for publishing symposia quickly in book form. The
purpose of the series is to publish timely, comprehensive books devel
oped from ACS sponsored symposia based on current scientific re
search. Occasionally, books are developed from symposia sponsored by
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In Nuclear Waste Management; Wang, P., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
Preface
Nuclear waste, as referred to in this volume, includes all waste streams
from our past nuclear weapons production and development in the United
States. These waste streams consist of radioactive and hazardous waste,
waste-contaminated soil and groundwater, and surplus facilities used in
1
0 nuclear weapons activities. Fundamental research for enabling s olutions i s
cs.org 43.pr0 needed to significantly reduce the costs, risks, and schedules associated with
a9 every stage of management of these waste streams—including safe storage,
2012 | http://pubs.0.1021/bk-2006-0 mUPchr.ooSangr. airDtcaotmerepir nai(gzrEta.m MtAieoS nnsPti, g ).tn roeSiffa iintcEmcanenee tnr 1ptg9,oy 9dr 6ti(i,soD ptnhoO eso EafEl )t,M h eEinsSn vPrvie irhsroeoanasnm rmcfeuhenn nthdataeals dl c bMlheeuaaennnndua rspgep,ed omasn nesodnof tr l esocdSni cegbin-yettne itfrchimece
ugust 9, 6 | doi: 1 rmesaenaargcehm epnrto jaepctpsr oaacimheisn ga ntdo apacphliiceavteio nlosn. g-term impact on nuclear waste
A0 To highlight EMSP achievements in the area of nuclear waste
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3.m Technology. Four technical sessions under this symposium were held in
9.16epte September 2003, at the 226th ACS National Meeting in New York City.
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wnloadcation proposed and approved by the ACS.
Dobli This volume provides a cross-section of scientific and technical
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P advancements from the EMSP-supported projects in the high-level waste

and the deactivation and decommissioning areas. The chapters in this
volume are organized into four sections, in accordance with the sympos
ium's four technical sessions, namely: (1) characterization, monitoring, and
analysis techniques; (2) separations chemistry and technology; (3) facility
inspection, decontamination, and decommissioning, as well as materials
science; and (4) modeling and waste treatment chemistries. This volume also
serves as a companion to ACS Symposium Series Volume 904 (May 2005),
which highlights EMSP achievements relating to subsurface contamination
remediation.
xi
In Nuclear Waste Management; Wang, P., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
We acknowledge support from the DOE Idaho Operations Office and
the DOE Office of Environmental Remediation Sciences Division. We
greatly appreciate this support, which extended from the organization of the
symposium sessions through this volume publication. This volume would
not be possible without the contributions of the EMSP principal investi
gators and their collaborators, who provided us with clear, concise, and
high-quality manuscripts for this publication. Lastly, we thank the many
technical peer reviewers, who provided insightful review and feedback for
each manuscript. The combined effort of these authors and reviewers has
made this volume a sound, successful representation of research accom
plishments, and thus, we hope, a useful resource for the scientific community.
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xii
In Nuclear Waste Management; Wang, P., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
Nuclear Waste Management
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In Nuclear Waste Management; Wang, P., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
Chapter 1
Nuclear Waste Management: Accomplishments
of the Environmental Management Science Program
Paul W. Wang1 and Roland F. Hirsch2
1Concurrent Technologies Corporation, 425 Sixth Avenue, 28th Floor,
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acs.org 943.ch0 SC-23.4 G2Oerffmicaen toofw Bnio Blougilidcainlg a,n Od fEficnev iroofn Smcieenntcael , RUe.sSe.a Drcehp,a rtment of
2012 | http://pubs.0.1021/bk-2006-0 Energy, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20585-1290
ust 9, doi: 1
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89.16Septe research, manufacturing, and testing facilities collectively called the nuclear
by e: weapons complex. The contamination—radioactive, hazardous, or both—poses
ed Dat potentially significant exposure risks to human health and the environment. In
oadon 1989, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) established the Office of
wnlcati Environmental Management (EM) with the mission of safe, accelerated risk
Dobli reduction and cleanup of the legacy waste and environmental contamination.
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The scope of the EM cleanup is broad and complex, encompassing vast
amounts of contained wastes, contaminated subsurface water and soils,
contaminated facilities and equipment, as well as materials in inventory. Many
cleanup problems are deemed to be intractable without long-term, science-based
research solutions. In 1996, the Environmental Management Science Program
(EMSP) was established to support scientific research focusing on the EM
cleanup needs. Among the EM need areas, subsurface contamination
(i.e., groundwater and soils) and high-level waste are the two areas where
scientific research was determined to have the greatest potential impact. Thus, a
significant majority of the EMSP portfolio of projects falls in these two areas,
while a much smaller portion falls into the area of deactivation and
decommissioning of facilities.
2 © 2006 American Chemical Society
In Nuclear Waste Management; Wang, P., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.