Nothing Is Said: Utterance and Interpretation

225 Pages·2022·10.456 MB·English

by  Mark Jary

OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,4/8/2022,SPi
Nothing Is Said
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,4/8/2022,SPi
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,4/8/2022,SPi
Nothing Is Said
Utterance and Interpretation
MARK JARY
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,4/8/2022,SPi
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OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,4/8/2022,SPi
ForHelen
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,4/8/2022,SPi
By combining the dramatic and the epistolary modes, Jane
Austen has deftly set before us a basic truth—that we are both
performingselvesandreflectiveselves.
TonyTanner,introductiontoPrideandPrejudice
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Contents
Acknowledgements xi
Introduction 1
1. VarietiesofWhatIsSaid 9
1.1 Competingconceptionsofwhatissaid 10
1.2 Whypositwhatissaidasalevelofrepresentation? 16
1.2.1 Intuitionsconcerningwhatissaid 16
1.2.2 Theoreticaljustificationforwhatissaid 19
1.2.2.1 RelevanceTheory:theroleofexplicature 20
1.2.2.2 Againstexplicature 26
1.2.3 PsychologisingGrice’stheoryofconversation 28
1.3 Whatissaid:areflectiveconcept 31
1.4 Conclusion 33
2. Linguisticvs.BehaviouralCommunication 34
2.1 Behaviouralcommunication 35
2.2 Linguisticcommunicationproper 37
2.3 Whyisthedistinctionimportant? 42
2.4 Relationshipwithstandardpragmatictheories 42
2.4.1 Grice’stheoryofconversation 43
2.4.2 Grice’smeaning-nnandRelevanceTheory’sostensive-
inferentialcommunication 45
2.5 Conclusion 47
3. LinguisticCommunicationProper 49
3.1 Characterisinglinguisticcommunicationproper 50
3.1.1 Situations,jointattention,andcommunication 51
3.1.2 Situations,commitments,andimplicatures 57
3.1.3 Situationtypesasinterpretations 63
3.2 Thesemanticsandpragmaticsoflinguisticcommunication
proper 63
3.2.1 Theroadnottaken,andwhy 64
3.2.2 Whatsentencesencode 67
3.2.3 Interpretingutterances 75
3.2.4 Whataboutliteralmeaning? 81
3.3 Conclusion 84
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viii 
4. WhatIsSaidandBehaviouralCommunication 86
4.1 Reflectingonwhatissaid:empiricalfindings 87
4.2 Reflectionandwhatissaid 92
4.2.1 Reflectionwithoutwhatissaid 92
4.2.2 Reflectingonwhatissaid 95
4.3 Behaviouralcommunication 98
4.4 Atwo-systemmodel 102
4.5 Developmentaldataonimplicaturerecognition 103
4.5.1 Materialimplicatures 104
4.5.2 Behaviouralimplicatures 108
4.6 Conclusion 110
5. PragmaticsWhenNothingIsSaid 112
5.1 Lexicalpragmatics 113
5.1.1 Againstlexicaladjustment 117
5.2 Scalarimplicatures 121
5.3 Embeddingissues 128
5.3.1 Conditionals 128
5.3.1.1 Embeddedirony 131
5.3.1.2 Thescope-testreconsidered 133
5.3.2 Negation 137
5.4 Mannerimplicatures:‘and’andorderliness 138
5.4.1 RelevanceTheoryon‘and’-conjunction 140
5.5 Conclusion 144
6. AssertionWhenNothingIsSaid 145
6.1 Assertedcontent 146
6.1.1 Assertionisfundamentallylinguistic 146
6.1.2 Assertionsexpresspropositions 148
6.1.3 Assertioninvolvescommitmenttotruth 149
6.1.4 Assertionrequirestheexplicitexpressionofa
proposition 149
6.2 Assertion,deniability,andresponsibility 153
6.3 Lyingvs.otherwisemisleading 159
6.4 Assertionandinformationstructure 162
6.5 Conclusion 165
7. TheBrandomianSubstrate 166
7.1 Introduction 166
7.2 Commitmentsandcontent 169
7.3 Wordmeaningandpubliclanguages 172
7.3.1 Decompositionallexicalsemantics 172
7.3.2 Publiclanguages 177
7.3.3 Summaryofsection7.3 184
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 ix
7.4 Languageandrepresentationaltheoryofmind 185
7.4.1 Graspingrepresentationasattributingcommitments 186
7.4.2 Thedevelopmentaldata 189
7.4.3 Commitmentattributiononthecurrentmodel 191
7.5 Conclusion 194
Conclusion 195
References 199
Index 208