NOTES ON TYPIFICATION IN PLUCHEA (ASTERACEAE: PLUCHEAE)

2004·2.6 MB·English

by  Guy L Nesom

NOTESONTYPIFICATIONINPLUCHEA
(ASTERACEAE;PLUCHEAE)
GuyNesom
BotanicalResearchInstituteofTexas
509PecanStreet
FortWorth,Texas76102-4060,U.S.A.
ABSTRACT
FormalnomenclatureandtypiiicationaredetailedfortaxaofthePlucheaodorata—Pluchea
camphoratagroup.LectotypesaredesignatedforPlucheaglahratal^C..ConyzamarilandicaMichx.,
GynemaviscidaRaf..PlucheapetiolataCass.,andConyzacamphorataPursh.Pluchea{Conyza)
marilandica(Michx.)Cass.,whichisthetypeofthegenus,isbasedonaDilleniusillustrationthat
showsfeaturesanomalouslorPluchea.Theidentityofseveralotherpertinenttaxaalsorernains
ambiguous,butnoneofthemappearstohaveabearingoncurrentlyacceptednomenclature.
RESUMEN
SedetallalanomenclaturaformalylatipificaciondetaxadelgrupoPlucheaodorata—Pluchea
camphorata.SedesignanlectotiposparaPlucheaglahrataDC,ConyzamarilandicaMichx..Gynema
viscidaRaf.,PlucheapetiolataCass.,yConyzacamphorataPursh.Pluchea(Conyza)marilandica
(Michx.)Cass.,queeseltipodelgenero,estabasadaenunailustraciondeDilleniusquemuestra
caracteristicasanomalasparaPluchea.Laidentidaddeotrosvariostaxatambienquedaambigua,
peroningunodeellosparecetenerimportanciaenlanomenclaturanormaltnenteaceptada.
InconnectionwithproductionofataxonomictreatmentofPlucheafortlieFlora
ofNorthAmerica(FNA)volumesofAsteraceae,anattemptismadehereto
clarifytypificationsforvariousnamesassociatedwithtwo,relativelywide-
spreadspeciesofPlucheawithpetiolate,non-claspingleaves.
Plucheaodorata(L.)Cass.
ThetypicalformofPlucheaodorataoccursfromnorthernSouthAmerica
throughtheWestIndies(thetypeisfromJamaica)andMexicoandiswidely
distributedthroughthesouthernUnitedStates,fromCaliforniaandNevadato
TexasandOklahomaandeastwardtoNorthCarolinaandVirginia.Alarge-
headedvarietyofthisspecies,primarilyoccurringinthenortheasternUnited
States,isP.odoratavarsucculenta(Fern.)Cronq.(Cronquist1980;Khan&Jarvis
1989).
Plucheaodorata(L.)Cass.Ivarodorata].Plucheaodorata(L.)Cass.,Diet.Sci.Nat.
42:3.1826.Placusodoratm(L.)M.Gomez,AnalesSoc.Hsp.Hist.Nat.19:273.1890.
Plucheaodorata(L.)DC.varnormalisKuntze,Revis.Gen.PI.1:357.1891(nom.in-
valid;includesthetypeoftheautonym).ConyzaodorataL.,Syst.Nat,,ed.10.1213.
1759.Linnaeuscited"Sloan,jam.1.152.f.I.Plum.ic.97."LECTOTYPE(Urb.exR.K.
Godfrey1952:241-242,245):JAMAICA.Sloane,VoyJamaicaI:plate152(1).1707.
SIDA21(1):59-64.2004
60 BRIT.ORG/SIDA21(1)
TheplantillustratedisintheSloancHerbarium—nodataregardingcollector,lo-
cality,ordate(BM,photoGillis(1977)!,internetimage<http://internt.nhm.ae.uk/
cgi-bin/botany/sloane/detail.dsml?iD=24>!).AlthoughGodlrey'sacceptanceof
anearlierchoiceoftypebyUrbanformalizedthelectotypificationofPodorata,
GodfreymisinterpretedtheSloaneUhistrationasreferringtothewoodyspecies
nowgenerallyidentifiedasPluchcacarolinensis(jacq.)D.Don.Applicationofthis
latternamewasclarifiedbyKhanandJarvis(1989).Theherbaceousspeciestreated
byGodfreyasP.purpurascensiscorrectlyidentifiedasP.odonita(seeGillisf977).
l^hichcapurpunisifns(Sw.)DC,Prodr5:452.1836.Placuspurpurasccns(S\v.)MGomez,Anales
Soc.Esp.Hist.Nat.19:273.IS^O.ConyzapuipurasccnsSw..Prodr112.1788.Typh:JAMAICA:
SI..w"aBrrtozwnceit'esdc"iCtaotniyozna(1I.75Btr)o)wwna,sja"mC.on31y8.z^a'amnadjo"rCoondoyrzaatam,ai&ocr.oSdloo.raCatta,—S1l24o.an&.hH.,I.t,251582..1.i.15I,2".ifn.
relerencetothesameSloaneillustration,whichisthesameasthelectotypeofConvcc/odertiUi
L.(above).IJic.TcrrYPi;(Howard1989:589):JAMAICA.Sloanc,Voy.JamaicaI:plateI52(IJ.1707.
TheplantillustratedisiniheSloaneHerbarium,ascitedabovelorPhuhcaodorata.
Pluchcapurpurascens(Sw.JDC.varglahrata(DC.)Cn-iscb.,Cat.PfCaib.150.1806.Flatus
purpurascens(Sw.)M.Gomezvar.glahratusiDC.)M.Gomez,AnalesSoc.Hsp,Hist,Nat.19:273,
1890.Pluchca^^iahralaDC,Prodr5:452.1835,TYPE:Gl.JAD[:LOUPn:dcCandollechcdthe
following:"inGuadalupalegilolimcl,BadieretrecentiusPerrottetadPomte-a-Pitre,"Olspeci-
mensidentiliedasPluchcaglahvalainthedeCandolleherbarium,oneislabeledsimply
"Cluadeloupe"andmaybetheBadiercollection;anotherhasmorespecificdata—'Tte.aPitre,
I7]uin1824,Perrottet1825,"ThisplantalsowascollectedonGuadaloupe,and(Urban1902)
indicatesthatPerrottetwasthereatleastloraperiodduring1824ThePerrottetcolleclionis
designatedhereasthel.licnvrvpE(G-DCfiche905!j.
Philhcapelu:ilalaCass,.Diet,Sci.Nat.42:2.182b,TVPI-.:Detailsoftheprotologuearelooabbrevi-
atedtoestablishtheidentity:"sescalatliidessentpetiies,subglobulcuses,etdisposeesen
corymbeterminal:,..sesst|uamessontovales,aigues,presquemembraneuses,pai-semeesde
glandes,,,,"Thedescriptionolsmallheadswithacute,membranous,spai'selyglandularphyl-
iariessuggestthatitmightbePluchcacamphorata.buttheheadsinaterminalcorymband
o\'ateph\'llanesaremorePkePhichcaOiiordni.Cassininotedthat"Nousa\'onsobservecette
plantedansTherbierdeM.dejussieu,ouellec'toitinnominee,"citingnofunherdelail.Oneof
twospecimensintheJussieuherbariummighthavebeentheoneobservedbyCassini:
(1)Cat.No.8646(P-Jussieu,lichc634!)—identiliedas"Con\zamarylaudicaMichx,."withno
collectioninlormation.The|ilanthasshort-petiolatelea\'esandaterminalcapitulescence
andISPhicheaodorata-
(2)Cat.No.8662(P-Jussieu,fiche635!)—identifiedonlyas"Conyzavulgariaccedensfl,
purpurase.,"apparenthcollectedonHispaniola("St.Domingo");thisplantalsohasshort-
petiolatelea\'esandalerininalcapitulescenceandisarepresentati\'eofPluchcaodorata\'ar
(u/onita.ThisspecimenisheredesignatedastheLrc'unvprofFluthcajH-ludataCass
Pluchcacamphorata(L.)DCvarangustdoliaTorn&A,CT-ay,Fl.N,Ainer2:261,1842,Conyza
anguslifoluiNutr.J,Acad.Nat.Sci.Philadelphia7:109.1834(nonRo.xburgh1832).Tvph:USA,
"InSouthCanilina.1romwhenceitwasreceu'cdb)-Mr.Durand"Ispeeimennotlocated;,Torrey
andGraycitedtheNuttallpublicationuilullandapparentlyintendedtorecognizeNuttall's
Ci)/n':;tiangustifohaatreducedranl<,notrealizingthatthebasionympublishedb\'Nuttall
wasalaterhiimonym.HollowingArticle58oitheICBN(SaintLouisCode2000),1henameat
\'arietalrankcanbeanributedtoTorreyandGra\'asanomcnno\'um.
Plucheaodoratavar.succulenia(Fern.)Cronq.Pluchcapurpurascens(Sw,)f^C.var
suicukntaFern.,Rhodora44:227,1942.Pluchcaodoratavar^uccukt\la(Fern,)
Cronq,,Fl,Southeast,fJ,S,1:175.f980.TypI::UNITFDSTATES.MA,SSACHUSinTS:Back
Bay,Boston,ditchinoldmarsh,17Sep1910,Edi\V!//icn7iss.n.(IiDl.e^TYI'R:GlI!),
NESOM,NOTESONTYPIFICATIONINPLUCHEA 61
Pluchcamanlandica(MichxjCass,^Dict:^Sci.Nat.42:2.1826.ConyzamaiilandicaMichx.,Fl.Bor
Amer.2:125.1803,TYPE:Michauxcited'DILL.Hith.t.88.f.104.nondumperiecteFlorida'and
gaveaspossiblesynonyms'Baccharisjoetida^Walt."andErigewncamphoratum^Lmn.'He
notedthatthehabitatwas"aPensylvaniaadCarolinam."TheLECTOTYPE,(designatedherej
mustbetheDilleniusillustration,theonlyelementcitedintheprotologuebyMichaux:Hortus
elthamiensisl:t.88.r.104.1732.ThisplantISidentifiedintheHortusas"ConyzaMarilandica,
florepurpureo"andisshownwilhbroadlylanceolate,sessile,serrateleavesandminutely
pubescentstems(asillustrated),butthecapitulescenceisrelativelyelongate,brokeninto
severalsubclustersborneonlealybranchesandillustrateddetailsshowtheheadsascylm-
dric-campanulatewithphyllariesinca.4-5seriesandthebisexualfloretsasstronglygob-
let-shaped,featuresnotcharacteristicofPluchca.ThespecimenintheSherardianHerbarium
(OXF)uponwhichthedrawingwasbasedwasidentifiedas"Conyzamarylandica'by
Klinsmann(fideDruceandVineslyO?).
ThevoucherspecimenatOXF,notated".881041.05,"bearstwobranchesand
wasannotatedbyJamesRevealin1982asPluchcapurpurasccns(=P.odorata).
AdigitalimagemadeavailablebyStephenIdarris,CuratorofOxfordUniver-
sityHerbaria,confirmsthat identhy. An earlyannotation identifiesitas
"Plucheamarylandica''AccordingtoDr.Harris(pers.comm),"Thisisthespeci-
menthatDruceplacedintotheHortussequencewhenheworkedonthemate-
rialwithVinesintheearly1900s.However,thespecimenappearstohavebeen
incorporatedfromtheSherardianhlerbariumandbearsadifferentpolynomial
fromthatgivenintheHortus."Clokie(1964,p.89)observedthat"veryfewof
thespecimensthat[Druce]didtakeout[oftheSherardHerbarium]canbeiden-
tifiedasoriginalsoftheplantsintheHortusblthamiensis"andshenotedspe-
cificallythatthevoucherfort.88,fig.104is'nottheoriginalspecimen."The
original labelontheOXFsheetidentifiesthecollectionfirstas"Baccharis
marianaflorapulchrarubentaActaPhilos.No.246.pag.401.pi.221690"(by
Sherard),thenas"ConyzamarianaflorapulchrarubentaMem.Ac.R.Sc.1719.
p.299U.S."(byDillenius).Thus,theidentityofthisspecimenisclear,butits
statusasavoucherforthesubjectoftheDilleniusillustrationisnot.Because
CassmitypifiedhisnewgenusPlucheabyPlucheamarilandica,typification
ofthegenusisambiguoustothesameextent.
InCassinisestablishmentofthegenusandWdnskroiConyzamanlandica
toPluchea,henoted"CettcplantehabiteI'Amcriqueseptentrionale"andde-
scribed"I'enchantiUonquenousavonsobservedansI'herbierdeMichaux...,"
TwoplantsintheMichauxherbarium(P!,P-Michauxfiche100!)areidentified
asConyza'marylandica:Oneislabeledsimply"ConyzalJMaryland,"whilethe
secondplantislabeled"Conyzamarylandica],IVirgin,etCarol."—bothspeci-
mensarerepresentativesofPluchcacamphovata.althoughthemorphological
detailsincludedbyCassini(Diet.Sci..Nat.42:2Jdonotclearlyindicatethathe
wasdescribingP.camphoraiaratherthanP.odorata.
Plucheacamphorata(L.)DC
BasedonaphotographofthetypeofEngcroncaniphoratusL.receivedatHar-
62 BRIT.0R6/SIDA21(1)
vardfromtheBritishMuseum,Fernald(1939)madethisassessment:"Thatitis
afragmentfromthesummitofaplantofP.petiolataCass,willbeevidentto
thosewhoknowthatplant"(p.461,photopublishedonp.459).Fernald'sjudge-
menthasbeenacceptedbythosewhohavedealtwiththiscommonspecies
(e.g.Godfrey1952,Cronquist1980,Nesom1989,andvariousotherfloristicians)
andisconfirmedhere.AcolorimageoftheClaytonspecimeniscurrently
internet-postedaspartoftheJohnClaytonHerbarium(TheNaturalHistory
Museum2000).
Plucheacamphorata(L.)DC,Prodr.5:451.1836.fcrigeroncamphoratusL.,Sp.Pi.864.
1753.Linnaeuscited"Hort.ups.259"and"Gron.virg.97.HabitatinVirginia."
Gronovius(FloraVirgmica,ed.1,1739,p.96)providedadescriptionandreferred
to"Clayt.n.165."ThedescriptioninLinnaeussownHortusUpsaliensisof1748
wasnearlyidenticaltothelateroneof1753andalsoreferredto"Gron.virg.96."As
observedbyFernald(1939,p.460),"Linnaeuscomposedhisdiagnosisbyaddinga
portionofClaytonsowndescription[onthespecimenitself]ofhisplanttothatof
Gronovius."Lectotype(Fernald1939:459-461):UNITEDSTATES.Virginia:with-
outotherdata,Clayton165(BM!,photo-GFI!,photo-Fernald(1939)!,internetimage
<http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/cgi-bin/botany/clayton/detail.dsml7RowlD=234>!).
ClaytonscollectionsinVirginiaweremademostlywithin"amodest-sizedregion
southoftheRappahannockandnorthoftheJamesRiverandwesttotheBlue
Ridge"(Sterhng1997).
Fliuhcaviscuia(Rat.)House,Amer,Midi.Naturalist7:129.1921.GynemaviscidaRaf.,Ann.Nat.
L5.1820.GynemadcntataRaf.exDC.(insyn..subPlucheafoetida),Prodr.5:452.1836.Type:
Rafinesquenotedthatthisis'AfinespeciesnotuncommonmKentuckyinfieldsandwoods"
butcitednospeciticcollection.Hisdescriptionofthe"flowerscorymbose,terminalandaxil-
lary"isagoodindicationoftheidentityofthespecies,especiallyasonlyasinglespeciesof
PlucheaisknowntooccurinKentuckyRafinesque(Ann.Nat.1820)notedthathehadprevi-
ouslyidentiiieditasGynemadentala,apparent!)'amanuscriptnamepickedupandlisted
msynonymybydeCandoUe.AspecimeninthedeCandoUeherbariumfrom"Kentucky"
withoutothercollectiondata,isidentifiedinthehandwritingofRafinesqueasGynema
viscida]anotherannotationlabel,alsoinRafinesque'shand,forthesameplantidentifiesitas
^'GynemadentataRal.N.sp.andGynemahalsamicafl.ludov,"Thisspecimenservestoestab-
lishtheidentityofGynemaviscida(LECTc:)TYPr,designatedhere:G-DC,fiche904!).
Phuheacamphorata(E.JDC.var^hihiescensKuntze(nom.nud.invalid.),Revis.Gen.PI.1:357.
189EhithesameshortparagraphasthelistingofPlucheacamphoratavar.puhescensisee
below),Kuntzenoted"DiebisaulBlattnervenfastkahlwerdendci^ormisthghihrescensO.
Klze.=BaccharisJoetidai^,p.p."Nopertinentherbariummateriallocated(fideFernald1942:
noneatNY).
Plucheacamphorata{[..)DC.\'s.r.pLd^esLensKumzc{.nom.nud.invalid.).Revis,Gen.PI.1:357.1891.
Fernald(1942,p.228)observedthat"sinceKuntzegavenowordofdescription,thename
cannotbetakenup"(see1998ICBNArticle32.1).Kuntzecitedonly"U.St.:Hoboken[New
JerseylCairo[IllinoislMiss.[Mississippi?orMissourii'l."AKuntzecollectionfiledwithNY
typesismarked"bpuhescens":Illinois.Cairo.9Aug1874,C.E.O.Kuntze2886(NY!).
Doubtfulidentity
ConyzacamphorataPursh,Ff.AmerSept.2:523.1814(nonEngewncamphoratus
L.).TYPE:Purshcitedonly"Icon.Dill.elth.t.89.f.105,"andthisillustrationpre-
, .
NESOM,NOTESONTYPIFICATIONINPLUCHEA 63
sumablymustbetakenasthelectotype,designatedhere:Hort.ehham.1:t.89.f.
105.1732.TheDilleniusplateisidentiliedas"ConyzaAmericanfrutescens,
foetidissimaVaill."Theindicationolits'foetid'naturesupportsitsidentification
asPluchea,butnodetailsoffloretsorfruitswereillustrated,andthelarge,sessile,
coarselyserrate-dentateleaves,glabrousstems(asillustrated),axillaryclustersof
heads,andpecufiarrenditionsoftheheads(suggestinglinear,equal-lengthphyl-
laries)donotsupportafirmidentificationevenatgenericrank.
AsasynonymofConyzacamphorata,PurshlistedBaccharisfoetida(inthesense
ofWilldenowandWalter),whichisPlucheacamphoratamthesenseofthe
presentmanuscript.PurshincludedErigeroncamphoratus[L](sensuWilldenow)
asasynonyminhistreatmentofConyzamarylandicaMichx.Tenetsofprevious
nomenclaturalconfusionbetweenPluchea(Baccharis)foetida(L.)DC.andthe
NorthAmericanpetiolate-leavedspeciesofPlucheawereoutlinedbyGodfrey
(1952).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
1amgratefultothestaffsofGfd,BM,andPforhelpduringrecentvisitsthere.
Priortomyvisit,CharlieJarvisoftheBritishMuseummadecriticalandaccu-
rateobservationsonthetypeofPluchea(Erigeron)camphorata.ThestaffofP
alsoprovidedadigitalimageofthespecimencitedhereaslectotypeofPluchea
petiolataCass.StephenHarris(OXF)madeavailableadigitalimageofthe
voucherfortheDilleniusillustrationofConyzamarilandicaandcommentsre-
gardingitsorigin.JamesMacklin(PH)searchedforthetypeofConyzaangustifolia
Nutt.1amgratefultoananonymousreviewerandespeciallytoK.Gandhi(GH)
forhishelpfulcommentsinreview.
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