Table Of ContentEh・t,-a,「10k、,o,26(1):5I-59、May15、1998
NotesonSlnaphaenops(Coleoptera,Trechinae),with
DescriptionsofTwoNewSpecies
Shun-lobi UENo
DepartmentofZoology,NationalScienceMuseum(Nat.Hist.)
3-23-1Hyakunin-cho Shinjuku.Tokyo, l69-0073Japan
and
JingchengRAN
ResearchDepartmentofMaolanNationalReserve
131Shichanglu.YupingZhen,LiboXian,
Guizhou 558400 P.R.China
Abstract AphaenopsoidtrechincbeetlesbelongingtothegenusSI,1ap11aenops
are dealt with. Three cave populations hitherto found in Libo Xian of southeastern
Guizhouarerepresentedbythreedifferentspecies, twoofwhicharenewtoscienceand
describedinthepresentpaper.ThenewnamesgivenarcSinap;1aenops、、'ango''ta'1andS
g,・ac11io・,.Thelatternewspeciesiscloselyalliedtothetypeofthegenus,whiletheformer
isratherspecialized. Akeyisprovidedtoalltheknownspecies,andsomeaccountsof
theirbionomicsarealsogiven.
TheaphaenopsoidgenusSlnaphaenopswaserected forS mi;abilissimusdiscov-
eredin1991inalimestonecaveofsoutheasternGuizhou. Itshowsastrikingmorpho-
logicalmodificationadaptivetosubterraneanexistence,andisregardedasthespecies
thathasundergonethehighestdegreeofspecializationwithinthesubfamilyTrechi-
nae. Itstrueaffinity isnotcertainbecauseof theutmostmodificationandisolation.
VIGNATAGLIANTI (1997,p 40)0 eredanOpinionthat“S加ap aenops'川''a0'/1ss!'m's
wouldbepossiblythehighestspecialized taxonofthesameline[asSinot1'og1odytes
bedosae]”, though his opinion needs verification by discovery of certain semi-
aphaenopsoid species thatmight bridgethewidegapbetweenSinot,-og1odytes and
Sinaphaenops.
Unfortunately,noadditionalspecimensofthisextraordinaryspecies havebeen
metwithduetothereasonexplainedonthelaterpages(pp 58-59),butasecondhabi-
tatofSinap11aenopswasrecentlydiscoveredbythejuniorauthorinalimestonecave
about 34km distant to the northeast from Tianzhong Dong, the type cave of S
mi,abilissimus.Thiscave,calledLasuoDong,wasreexaminedbyfivebiospeologists
inSeptember1997,andyieldedashortseriesofSinap11iaenops,whichisbasicallysim-
52 Shun-lobiUf,、'oandJingchengRA
liar tothetypespeciesbut isevidentlydifferent from itinthenarrower faciesandin
thelossoftheposteriorpair ofthesupraorbitalsetae.Thelattercharacterstateisof
particularinterest,sincethenumberandpositionofthesesetaeareusuallyfixedinsin-
glegeneraof theTrechinae. It istruethat they areexceptionallyvariableinanoph-
thalmic trechines fromChinesecaves; theposteriorpair isabsent in Gulz;1ap11aenops
(VIGNATAGLIANTl,1997,pp 34-35),theanteriorpair isabsentinLibot''ecluls(UENo,
1998,pp 41' 'l5),andbotharenotdiscernibleinDongod、tes(DEUvE,1993,pp 292-
293).However,suchpeculiarities arealwaysgeneric, not infra-generic,so that the
LasuoDongspeciescanberegardedasarareexception.
OnthenextdayofthevisittoLasuoDongCave,athird1ocalityofSinap;1aenops
wasfoundoutbytheseniorauthor inShuiboshuiDongCave,whichis11.7kmdistant
tothenorth-northwestfromLasuoDong.Inspiteofsuchalocation,thiscaveharbours
aSinap/1aenopswhichisclosertotheTianzhongDongspeciesthantotheLasuoDong
oneinviewofthesimilarityofaedeaga1configuration. In facies,however, it issimilar
totheLasuoDongspecies,andthereforeconsideredspecificallydifferent fromeither
ofthetwospecies.
Inthepresentpaper,theauthorsaregoingtodescribethetwonewspeciesandto
giveakeytoalltheknownspeciesofSinap11iaenops.Someaccountsofthetypelocal-
ityofS. ,nil・abllissimuswill alsobegiven.Theabbreviationsusedhereinarethesame
asthoseexplainedinUENoandWANG(1991,pp.127-128),withtheadditionofHL,
whichmeansthelengthofheadmeasured fromtheapicalmarginofclypeustotheapi-
calmarginofpronotum.
Before going into further details, the authors wish to thank Dr. Yoshiaki
NlsHIKAwA,Dr andMrs.WANGFuxing,andMr.ToshioKlsHIMoTo for theirkindhelp
extendedtothepresentauthorsinfieldworks.
KeytotheSpecies
1 (2) Posteriorsupraorbital setaabsent,at leastononeside;body narrow,PL/PW
1.54onanaverage,EL/EW192onanaverage;aedeagusslendererinprofile
andregularlyarcuate,withapical lobewidely rounded at the apex in dorsal
view;aedeagalbasalpartsmaller,moderatelyemarginateatthesidesofsmall
basal orifice and with larger sagittal aileronprotrudent ventro-proximally;
length7.30-8.90mm;(LasuoDongCave) __ __ _.S.H,ango1-″lnsp
nov.
2 (1) Posteriorsupraorbitalsetaalwayspresent, aedeagusmorerobust inprofileand
lessregularlyarcuate,withapical lobesubtriangularandnarrowlyroundedat
theapexindorsal view;aedeaga1basalpartlarger,eithershallowlyorhardly
emarginateatthesidesoflargebasalorificeandwithsmallersagittalaileron
notprotrudentventrad.
3 (4) Bodynarrower,PL/PW145-1.57,EL/EW188-1.95;lateralmarginsofelytra
moreorlessvisibleatmiddle fromabove;aedeaguswiththeleft wallhigher
tothesideofapicalorificeandthenabruptlynarrowed toapical lobe,which
NotesonSinap/1aenops 53
islongerandnarrowlyproducedventro-apicad;length6.8()し一8.20mm;(Shui-
boshuiDongCave) Sgraciiiorsp nov.
4 (3) Bodybroader,PL/PW140-1.43,EL/EW1.69-1.81; lateralmarginsofelytra
concealedbylateralexpansionofdorsumandinvisibleatmiddlefromabove;
aedeaguswith theleftwallgraduallynarrowed toapical lobe frombehind
middle,whichisshorterandonlyslightlycurvedventrad;length7.6()-8.30mm;
(TianzhongDongCave) _ S.Im,-abilissimusS.UENoetF.WANG,1991.
_ _ .
SinaphaenopswangoruMS.UEN0etRAN,spnov.
(Figs.1,4-5)
Length:7.30-8.90mm(fromapicalmarginofclypeustoapicesofelytra).
Related to S. ,nt,abilisslm1lsS.UEN0etF.WANG(1991,p.132, figs.l-3),with
whichitagreesinmostbasiccharacters,butthebodyisevidentlynarrower,theelytra1
dorsumislessconvexandnotlaterallyexpandedover thesidebordersatmiddle, the
posteriorpairofsupraorbitalporesisalmostalwayslacking,andtheaedeagusismuch
slendereranddifferentlyshaped.
Colour,microsculptureandpubescenceasinSmi,abilissimlis.Headsomewhat
narrowerandmoregradually narrowedposteriadthaninS mllabilissimus, HL/HW
2.55-2.77(M 2.65); theposterior pair ofsupraorbital poresalmostalwaysabsent,
thoughtheleftoneofthemexistsinalargemaleparatype;othercephalicfeaturesas
inS. ,nil・abilissimtls.
ProthoraxnarrowerthaninS mi,・abilissl,mls,widestatalevelbetweenbasal third
andtwo-fifths,andmoregradually narrowedanteriadthanposteria PW/HW 123-
1.31 (M 1.28), PL/PW 1.50-1.61 (M 1.54); pronotum also narrower than in S
mi,abilissimus,withthesidesmoreweaklyandevenlyarcuateatthewidestpartwhich
issituatedmoreor lessbeforethatofprothoraxor thelevelofthetopsoflateralex-
pansionofpropleura,PNW/HW1.02-1.12(M1.08),PL/PNW l74-1.92(M I82);
apexandbaseasinSmi,・abilissimus,thoughtheformerlookswiderinproportionto
thegreatestwidthofpronotum,PNW/PA169-2.29(M2.02),PNW/PB133-1.48(M
l.39),PB/PA t.34-1.62(MI.48);otherprothoracicfeaturesasinS.,m'abilissimus.
Elytraobviouslynarrowerandmoreparallel-sidedatmiddlethaninSmita'bais-
stmus,widestataboutoralittlebehindthemiddle,andlessstronglyconvexondor-
sum;EW/PW190-2.01(MI.96),EL/EW1.83-2.03(MI.92);shouldersmorepromi-
nentthaninS.,nirabilissimus,prehumera1bordersmoreobliqueandsomewhatemar-
ginatenearbasalpeduncle;sidesnarrowlyborderedthroughout,visiblethroughoutin
dorsalview,eitherstraightorveryslightlyemarginatebehindshoulders,very feebly
arcuateatmiddle, and conjointly roundedat apices;basal foveoleoneachelytron
transverse,notexternallydelimitedasinSmirabilissimus;otherelytra1featuresinclu-
siveofchaetotaxyasinSmit-abili.s・simus.
VentralsurfaceandlegsasinSmi,-abilissimus.
Malegenitalorganverysmallandratherlightlysclerotized,markedlydifferentin
54 Shun-lobiUENoandJingchengRAN
1 2
l 」
2.0''tm
Fjgs. 1_3. slnaphaenopsspp.,3;outlineofbody. - l,S.wangor'tanS.UtNoetRAN,SP・nov・, f「om
Lasuo Dong cave; 2,S g,・acilior S. UENo et RAN, sp nov., fromShuiboshui Don9Cave;3, S・
,川,abilissimusS.UEN0etF.WANG,fromTianzhOngDon9Cave.
confjgurationfromthoseoftheotherspecies.Aedeagusalittlelessthanone-fifthas
longaselytra,depressedthroughout,gentlyarcuate,andwidelymembraneousondo一「
sum,wjthsmallbasalpart onlyslightlycurvedventrad,slenderandgraduallyna一「
rowedtowardsapexinlateralview,nearlyparallel-sidedandfairlybroadtonearapex
jndorsalvjew;basalpartwithsmallbasalorificewhosesidesaremoderatelyema一「
gjnate;sagjtta1ajleronelongateandprotrudentventro-proximally;viewedlate「ally,
apicallobenarrow,abruptlycurvedventradattheapex,andtruncateattheventralex-
tremity;vieweddorsally,apicallobewidelyroundedattheextremity;ventralma「9in
wjdelyemarginateinprofile,particularlybehindmiddle.Copulatorypieceveryfar9e
NotesonSinap1/ae,lops 55
buthyaline,alittlelessthanone-thirdaslongasaedeagus,spatulate,narrowedtowards
bluntapex,andnarrowlycoveredwithscalesalongthesidesofproximalpart.Styles
relatively largeand fairlybroad, leftstylelonger thantheright,eachbearingtwoor
threeapicalsetae,thedorsaloneofwhichisusuallythickerthantheother(s).
Typeseries. Holotype: d i2-IX-1997,F.WANGleg.Allotype: ?, l4-IX-1997,
S. UENo leg. Paratypes: 2 d, 5 l2 & 14-IX-1997, S. UENo, Y. NISHIKAWA, F.
,
WANG,T.KlsHIMoTo&J.RANleg.AlldepositedatpresentinthecollectionoftheDe-
partmentofZoology,NationalScienceMuseum(Nat.Hist),Tokyo.
Type locality. Limestone cave called Lasuo Dong, at Baiai (=Baiyan) of
YongkangXianginLiboXian,southeasternGuizhou,SouthChina.
Notes. ThoughsimilaratfirstsighttoS mi,abilissimtls,thisnewspeciesisde-
cisivelydifferent fromthelatter in thelossof theposteriorpairof thesupraorbital
setaeandthedifferentlyshapedmalegenitalia. Itsslenderbody formwithlessstrongly
convexdorsumoftheelytraisalsodifferent fromtherelativelybroadprothoraxand
thehemi-ovoida11yconvexelytraofthetypespecies.
Aswasnoticedinthedescriptiongivenabove,oneoftheninespecimensexam-
inedofS.wango,・urnhastheposteriorsupraorbitalsetaat theleftsidejustasinthe
other speciesof the genus. Thisaberrancy can be regarded as a reversion of the
cephalicchaetotaxyseldom foundintheTrechinae,thoughreversionofthedorsaland
preapica1setaeontheelytrahasbeenrecordedincertaingeneraofthe71-echiamaand
Agonotf-echusseries.
AbriefaccountofLasuoDong,thetypecaveofthisinterestingspecies,wasal-
readygivenintheNotesfollowingthedescriptionofLibott・ec;nlsnishikawai (UENo,
1998, p 49).Slnaphaenopswang()1-urnwas found leisurelywalkingonwetwallsor
largestalagmites,butwhendisturbed, it flewwithalightningspeed intocrevicesor
mazeofcavecorals.FourspecimenscollectedonSeptember14were foundinbaited
trapssettwodaysbeforeonflowstonesoratthebottomofcalcareouswalls.
Itisarealpleasureforthepresentauthorstodedicatethisbeautifultrechinebee-
tletoDr andMrs.WANGFuxing,whorenderedinvaluablehelpinmakingcaveinves-
tigationsinLiboXian.Besides,Dr.WANGisthediscovererofSlnaphaenopsmirabilis-
slmus,whichisthefirstaphaenopsoidtrechinebeetlerecordedfromaChinesecave.
Sinaphae'topsgraciliorS.UEN0etRAN,sp
nov.
(Figs2、6-7)
Length:6.80-8.20mm(fromapicalmarginofclypeustoapicesofelytra).
Closelyallied toS mlt・abilisslmus,but thebody isevidentlynarrower as inS.
wangorum,andthemalegenitaliaaredifferentlyshaped,especiallyintheapicalpart
ofaedeagusandcopulatorypiece.
Colour,microsculptureandpubescenceas inS mi,-abilissimus. Head similar to
thatofS. ,mrabilissinlus,butmoregraduallynarrowedposteriadandwithlongerneck
constriction, HL/HW 2.41-2.67(M2.51); other cephalic featuresas inS mirabilis-
56 Shun-lobiUE、'oandJingchengRA
5
ミ
ミ
'
0
7
ー
/ ノ
///一一一一ー/
Fjgs 4_7 MalegenitaliaofSinap/1ae,lopsspp; leftlateralview(4,6),andapicalpartofaedea9uS,
dorso_apjcal view(5, 7). - 4-5. S. H・ango,,,m S. UENo et RAN, sp nov., from LaSuo Don9
cave. _ 6_7. Sg1-ac11io,-S.UENoetRAN,spnov.,fromShuiboshuiDongCave.
sl,nus.
prothoraxsimilartothatofS.wango,-tun,obviouslynarrowerthaninSmirabiliS-
simus, widest at alevel betweenbasal thirdand two-fifths,PW/HW l26r-1.35 (M
1.32),pL/pW145-1.57(MI51);pronotumasinS.、,?ango''urn,PNW/HW1.06-1.l7
(MI.11),pL/pNw1.66-1.94(MI.79),PNW/PA1.99-2.26(M2.l2),PNW/PB l27-
1.40(M I33),PB/PA l53-1.65(M I59);otherprothoracicfeaturesasinS.wango-
rtun.
ElytraalsoobviouslynarrowerthaninSmi,・abilissimus,butlikethoseofthelat-
NotesonSinp11aenops 57
terspecies,thebasalareasarerelativelyample, theprehumeralbordersaresomewhat
lessobliqueandthedorsumisstronglyconvex,widestataboutfive-ninthsfrombases;
EW/PW194-2.02(MI.99),EL/EW188-1.95(MI91);shouldersdistinct,thougha
little lessprominent thanthoseofS.wango,・urn,prehumeral bordersslightly emar-
ginatenearbasalpeduncle;sidesnarrowlyborderedthroughoutandbarelyvisibleat
middle in dorsal view being partially concealed by lateral expansion of dorsum,
straight forashortwaybehindshoulders,veryfeeblyarcuateatmiddle,andconjointly
rounded at apices; basal foveole on each elytron not sharply delimited laterad but
formingalongitudinal flattenedareaalongsuture;otherelytral features inclusiveof
chaetotaxyasinS.,m,・a l/1ss加ll,s.
VentralsurfaceandlegsasinS.,nl,abilissimtis.
Malegenitalorgansmallthoughmoderatelysclerotized,generallysimilartothat
ofS.,川,abilissimtisbutdifferent in theconfigurationofaedeagus,aboveallofapical
lobe.Aedeagusalittlelessthantwo-ninthsaslongaselytra,lightlydepressed,hardly
arcuateatmiddle,widelymembraneousondorsum,highestwellbehindmiddle,and
ratherabruptlynarrowedtowardsapical lobefrombehindapicalorificeinlateralview;
basalpartvery large,onlygentlycurvedventrad,withvery largebasalorificewhose
sidesarehardlyemarginate;sagittalaileronsmallandnotprotrudentventrad;viewed
laterally,apical lobenarrowlyproducedventro-apicadandobtuselytuberculateventrad
attheextremity;vieweddorsally,apicallobesubtrianguIar,slightlyinclinedtotheleft,
andnarrowly roundedat theextremity; inprofile,ventral marginnotemarginateat
middlebutgentlysoatthebaseofapicallobe.Copulatorypiecelarge,abouttwo-fifths
aslongasaedeagus,withthedorsalmarginrolledtotheleftandcoveredwithscales
except forapicalportion;apexnarrowlyroundedinlateralviewbutsubangulateatthe
rightsideindorsalview.Stylesshort;leftstylelongerthantheright,withasmalladdi-
tionalsetaontheventralmargininaparatype;eachstyleprovidedwithtwosetaeat
theapex.
Typeseries. Holotype: ?,13-IX-1997,S.UENo leg. Allotype: ,samedate, T.
KlsHIMoT01eg.Paratypes:2 d,1 tenera1 ,samedate,S.UENo &T.KISHIMOToleg.
AlldepositedatpresentinthecollectionoftheDepartmentofZoology,NationalSci-
enceMuseum(Nat.Hist),Tokyo.
Type locality. Limestone cave called Shuiboshui Dong, at Shuibozhai of
ShuipucuninYupingZhen,LiboXian,southeasternGuizhou,SouthChina.
Notes. Thistaxoncouldberegardedasasubspecies ofS. ,nltabilissimusbe-
causeofaclosesimilarityofaedeaga1conformation.Itis,however,evidentlycloser to
S.wango,-um inexternalmorphology,eventhoughitselytrashowthesametrendof
amplebasalareasas inS. ,nt,abilissimus.Sinceits typecave isabout 34kmdistant
fromthatofthelatterspeciesandlocatedontheothersideoftheZhongJiangValley,
andsincethissituationisthesameasLasuoDongCavewhichharboursS.wa1'go''urn,
theauthorsprefer toregard theShuiboshuiDongpopulationasspecificallydiffering
from S. mitabilisst"1us, at least for the time being. Still other populations of
Sinaphaenopswilldoubtlessbefoundinfuturewhencareful investigationsarecarried
58 Shun-lobiUI,、.'oandJingchengRA
out in theLiboareawhichaboundsin limestonecavesofmoderatesize.Onlywhen
thiscanbedone,weshallbeabletoclassifythemembersofthistrechinegenusona
sounderbasis.
AswasalreadydescribedintheNotesfollowingthedescriptionofOodinotrechus
kishimotoi (UENo, 1998, pp 43-44), Shuiboshui Dong Cave is aponor, intowhich
tumblingtorrentsofsurfacewatercarryingalargequantityofvegetabledebrissink in
rainyseasons. Thewallsofthemaingalleryarecoveredwithinnumerablepiecesof
rottenwood,dead leavesand twigsup toaheight of3mormore,aboveall insmall
baysinwhichthefloodwatersmusthaveswirled.Sinaphaet1opsgl・aciliorwasfoundin
twoofthosebays, leisurelywalkingamongvegetabledebrisstickingonsmoothwails
andsometimesonceilings.LikeS.wangorum,itisveryagilewhendisturbeli,buthas
neverbeenseentotakerefugeunderorganicmatters.
Sinaphae'topsmirabilissinMsS.UENoetF.WANG,1991
(Fig3)
Sinap1/ae'lops';11'abilissltnusS.UENoetF.WANG,1991,Elytra,Tokyo,19.p.132,figs.1-3;typelocality
TianzhongDongCave.
No additional record. So farknownonly fromthethreespecimensofthetype
seriescollectedonJanuary29,1991.
Kt1oH,t11oality. Limestone cave called Tianzhong Dong, above Laguan of
YaoshanXianginLiboXian,southeasternGuizhou,SouthChina.
Notes. Itismostunfortunatethatthetypehabitatofthisremarkablespecieshas
beendestroyedsince1991when it wasdiscoveredas the first trog1obiontic trechine
beetlefromChina.WevisitedthecaveonSeptember11and14,1997,andwereindig-
nantlysurprisedatfindingthattheshallowlakeatthebottomofthemaingallerywas
completelydriedupinthelapseofsixyearsandahalf,nodoubtduetotheaircurrent
resulting fromtheexcavationofanartificial tunnel forcommercialization.Thatlake
wassurroundedbywallscrustedwithflowstoneandhadmanywetcolumnsandlarge
stalagmites, on one of which were found the type specimens of Sltlaphaenops
'm''a0lfiss加lMs.
Thecavehadtwoopeningsontheoppositesidesofasmallrockypeak,andthe
largeroneabovethesmallvillageLaguanwasusedasthemainentrance.Fromthere,
thefloorsteeplyslanteddownto thebottomroomwithhigh ceilingand then very
steeplyslopedupwardstothesmalleropeningthroughanarrowwindingpassage.The
gap in floor levelsbetween themainentranceand thebottom lake was about 30m.
Whenthecavewasopen fortourists,ahorizontalstraighttunnelwithanartificialen-
tranceofthesizealittlelargerthanhumanheightwasexcavatedfromnearthesmaller
entrance, inadvertentlymaking theceiling leveller thanbefore. Thisseems tohave
causedcontinuousaircurrentthroughthecave,whichtookawaythevapour fromthe
bottom lake. Mostprobably for thisdrought,wewereunableto findanyadditional
specimensofthetrechinebeetle,andbaitedtrapssetaroundthe formerbottom lake
NotesonSinapltaenops 59
didnotattractanyspecimen,either.Itmaystillsurvivesomewhereininaccessiblere-
cessesbelowthelakelevel,butmaynotappearinthemaingalleryexcept inverywet
seasons.
Incidentally,thelocationofthecave“atMaolan”givenintheoriginaldescription
(p.134)isnotcorrect.ItistruethatthecaveliesneartheedgeoftheMaolanNational
Reservebutiswidelydistant fromthevillageMaolan.Itscorrect locationisasgiven
above.
要 約
上野俊一・ 冉 景丞:Sinaphaenops属のアシナガメクラチビゴミムシ類. - 中国fl州
省力渡ﾇ の石灰洞からアシナガメクラチビゴミムシの2新種を記載し, 永康多白岩の拉梭洞
のものにS,naphaenopswangorumS.UENoetRAN, 玉屏領水浦村水拔葉の水拔水洞のものに
Sg・tacitio,S.UENoetRANという新名を与えた. どちらも同じように, 基準種のSmirabilissimus
s.UtNoetF.WANGよりも体形が細いが, 雄交尾器の形状は両者のあぃだでぃちじるしく異なり,
sgrac,tic,のほうが基準種のものに似た雄交尾器をもっのに対して, S.uangorumの雄交尾器は
図示したように特異である. また, この種では, チビゴミムシとしては例外的に, 眼上毛の後
方の1対がなくなっている. なお, 基準種の基準産地である天t中洞の所在地を, 端山 拉美の
二l と訂正し, 洞内の生息場所が観光開発によって破壊された結果, この種が幻の虫となってし
まったことを報告した.
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