No End to Alliance: The United States and Western Europe: Past, Present and Future

271 Pages·1998·31.67 MB·English

by  Geir Lundestad (eds.)

NO END TO ALLIANCE
No End to Alliance
The United States and Western Europe:
Past, Present and Future
Edited by
Geir Lundestad
Director
The Norwegian Nobel Institute
Oslo
Norway
Nobel Symposium 105
palgrave
macmillan
First published in Great Britain 1998 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills. Basingstoke. Hampshire RG21 6XS and London
Companies and representatives throughout the world
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-1-349-26961-7 ISBN 978-1-349-26959-4 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-1-349-26959-4
First published in the United States of America 1998 by
ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC.,
Scholarly and Reference Division.
175 Fifth Avenue. New York. N.Y. 10010
ISBN 978-0-312-21761-7
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Nobel Symposium (l05th)
No end to alliance: the United States and Western Europe: past.
present. and future: Nobel Symposium 105/ edited by Geir
Lundestad.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-312-21761-7 (cloth : alk. paper)
I. Europe-Foreign relations-United States. 2. United States
-Foreign relations-Europe. 3. Europe-Foreign relations-1945-
4. United States-Foreign relations-20th century. I. Lundestad,
Geir. 1945- . II. Title.
DI065.U5N63 1998
327.7304-dc21 98-23856
CIP
Selection and editorial matter © Geir Lundestad 1998
Text © The Norwegian Nobel Institute 1998
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1998
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made
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Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to
criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in
accordance with the Copyright. Designs and Patents Act 1988.
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and
sustained forest sources. Logging. pulping and manufacturing processes are expected
to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I
07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 99 98
Contents
Contributors vii
Abbreviations and Acronyms ix
Part I Introduction
1 Introduction
Geir Lundestad 3
2 The Transatlantic Partnership: an Alliance for
Peace and Progress
Hans-Dietrich Genscher 13
Part II The Past
3 Culture, Emotion, and the Creation of the Atlantic
Identity, 1948-1952
Frank Costigliola 21
4 Atlantic Partnership and European Integration:
American-European Policies and the
German Problem, 1947-1966
Klaus Schwabe 37
5 Security and Identity: the Nordic Countries and
the United States since 1945
Jussi M. Hanhimiiki 81
6 The 1toubled Friendship: France and the
United States, 1945-1989
Pierre Melandri 112
7 The USA, Britain, and the Question of Hegemony
Alan P. Dobson 134
Part III The Present
8 The United States and Western Europe: Dimensions
of Cooperation and Competition
Werner Link 167
9 Western Transformation after the Cold War
David P. Calleo 184
v
vi Contents
10 On Friendship: Anglo-American Relations at the Fin de Siecle
Alex Danchev 204
Part IV The Future
11 The Future of America's Continental Commitment
John 1 Mearsheimer 221
Part V Conclusion
12 American-European Cooperation and Conflict:
Past, Present, and Future
Geir Lundestad 245
Index 263
Contributors
David P. Calleo, Dean Acheson Professor and Director of European Studies
at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hop
kins University, Washington, DC. His most recent books are The Bankrupting
of America: How the Federal Budget is Impoverishing the Nation (1992) and
From the Atlantic to the Urals: National Perspectives on the New Europe, ed.
(1992).
Frank Costigliola, Professor of History at the University of Connecticut,
USA. He has published Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic,
and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (1984) and France and the
United States: The Cold Alliance since World War II (1992).
Alex Danchev, Professor of International Relations and Dean of the Faculty
of Social Sciences at Keele University, England. He is the author of a number
of works on Anglo-American relations including Jtery Special Relationship
(1986), Establishing the Anglo-American Alliance (1990), Oliver Franks
(1993), and On Specialness (1998).
Alan Dobson, Senior Lecturer in Politics at the University of Wales, Swansea.
His most recent publications are Flying in the Face of Competition: the Policies
and Diplomacy of Airline Regulatory Reform in Britain, the USA, and the
European Community, 1968-1991 (1995), and Anglo-American Relations in
the Twentieth Century: Of Friendship, Conflict, and the Rise and Decline of
Superpowers (1995).
Hans-Dietrich Genscher, former German Foreign Minister (1974-92).
Jussi M. Hanhimaki, Lecturer in International History at the London School
of Economics and Political Science, England. He has published Containing
Coexistence: America, Russia, and the 'Finnish Solution' 1945-1956 (1997) and
Scandinavia and the United States: An Insecure Friendship (1997).
Werner Link, Professor at the Forschungsinstitut fUr politische Wissenschaft
und europiiische Fragen, University of Cologne, Germany. His most recent
publications are Der Ost-West-Konflikt: die Organisation der internationalen
Beziehungen im 20. lahrhundert (1988), and Europe and America: A Return
to History (1996) together with Miles Kahler.
vii
viii Contributors
Geir Lundestad, Director of the Norwegian Nobel Institute in Oslo, and
Adjunct Professor of History at the University of Oslo. His most recent
publications are East, West, North, South: Major Developments in International
Politics, 1945-1996 (1997), and 'Empire' by Integration: The United States and
European Integration, 1945-1997 (1998).
John J. Mearsheimer, R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor
of Political Science at the University of Chicago, USA. He has published
Conventional Deterrence (1983), and Liddell Hart and the Weight of History
(1988).
Pierre Melandri, Professor in American History at III Sorbonne University in
Paris. His most recent publications are La Politique exterieure des Etats-Unis
a
de 1945 nos jours (1995), and La France et L'Otan 1949-1996, ed. (1996).
Klaus Schwabe, Professor of Modern History at Aachen University of Tech
nology, Germany. His most recent publications are Deutschland und der
Westen im 19. und 20. lahrhundert, vol 2: Deutschland und Westeuropa
(1994), and Quellen sum Friedensschluf3 von Versailles, ed. (1997).
Abbreviations and Acronyms
AFNORTH NATO's Northern Force
AFSOUTH NATO's Southern Force
AMGOT Allied Military Government of Occupied Territory
ANZUS Australia, New Zealand and the United States' Mutual
Defense Theaty
BP British Petroleum
CAP Common Agricultural Policy
CDU/CSU Christlich-Demokratische Union/Christlich-Soziale Union
CENTO Central Treaty Organization
CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy
CSUSA Chief of Staff, United States Army
CIA Central Intelligence Agency
CJTF Combined Joint Thsk Forces
COB Collocated Operating Bases
COMBALTAP NATO's Joint Baltic Command
COMECON Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
CP Cabinet Papers
CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
DM Deutchmark
EC European Community
EDC European Defence Community
EEC European Economic Community
EFTA European Free 'll"ade Association
EMU Economic and Monetary Union
EPC European Political Cooperation
ERP European Recovery Program
EU European Union
EURATOM European Atom Energy Community
FDR Franklin D. Roosevelt
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GNP Gross National Product
IISS International Institute for Strategic Studies
IGC Intergovernmental Conference
IMF International Monetary Fund
INF Intermediate Nuclear Forces
ITO International Trade Organization
LBJ Lyndon B. Johnson
MBFR Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions
ix
x Abbreviations and Acronyms
MFN Most Favored Nation
MLF Multilateral forces
MRBM Medium Range Ballistic Missiles
NAFTA North America Free Trade Area
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NC Nordic Council
NLF National Liberation Front
NORDEK Nordic Economic Union
NPT Nuclear Proliferation Treaty
NSC National Security Council
OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OEEC Organization for European Economic Cooperation
oseE
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
PCF Parti Communiste Fran\(ais
PfP 'Partnership for Peace'
PRO Public Record Office
SACEUR Supreme Allied Commander in Europe
SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Thlks
SAS Scandinavian Airlines System
SDI Strategic Defense Initiative
SEATO South East Asia Treaty Organization
SPD Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutchland
UK United Kingdom
TNW Tactical Nuclear Weapons
UN United Nations
UNPROFOR United Nations Protection Forces
US United States of America
USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
WEU Western European Union
WTO World Trade Organization
WWII Second World War