Table Of ContentNITRATES IN GROUNDWATER
SELECTED PAPERS ON HYDROGEOLOGY
5
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HYDROGEOLOGISTS
0040.104.1.
Nitrates in groundwater
Selected papers from the European meeting of the
International Association of Hydrogeologists,
Wisla, Poland, 4-7 June 2002
Edited by
Lidia Razowska-Jaworek
Polish Geological Institute
Andrzej Sadurski
Polish Geological Institute
Routledge
m S Taylor &Francis Group
LONDON AND NEW YORK
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Applied for
UNESCO and the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) coordinated the
preparation of this book as an IAH contribution to the 5th phase of the UNESCO
International Hydrogeological Programme Project 3.4 'Groundwater pollution due to
urban development'.
First published 2005 by A. A. Balkema Publishers
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ISBN 90 5809 664 5
ISBN 978-90-5809-664-7 (Hbk)
Contents
(cid:9)
Foreword ix
L. Razowska-Jaworek, Andrzej Sadurski
Introductory remarks
S. Foster
(cid:9)
SECTION 1. ORIGIN OF NITRATES IN GROUNDWATER 1
(cid:9)
Chapter 1. Agricultural activities as a source of nitrates in groundwater 3
A. Sapek
Chapter 2. Nitrate time-evolution in the waters of the Quaternary aquifer of
Vitoria-Gasteiz (Basque Country, Northern Spain) —
(cid:9)
influence of wetlands 15
C. Garcia-Linares, M. Martinez, I. Antigitedad,
J.M. Sanchez-Perez
Chapter 3. Origin of nitrates in water inflows in Pb—Zn ore mines(cid:9) 27
J. Motyka, K. RaZkowski
Chapter 4. Nitrate in groundwater as an indicator of farmstead impacts
(cid:9)
on the environment 37
B. Sapek, A. Sapek
SECTION 2. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF
NITRATES IN GROUNDWATER(cid:9) 47
Chapter 5. Spatial distribution of nitrate in Cenozoic sedimentary aquifers
controlled by a variable reactivity system(cid:9) 49
R. Eppinger, K. Walraevens
Chapter 6. Field investigation of nitrogen in unsaturated and saturated zones(cid:9) 59
W. Mioduszewski, M. Fic, A. Zdanowicz
Chapter 7. Nitrate in groundwater from renaturalized and managed peatlands(cid:9) 69
P. Nadany, S. Chrzanowski
vi Contents
Chapter 8. Estimating microbial denitrification parameters from in situ
bioreactor operation under groundwater conditions(cid:9) 77
U. Nauman, P. Maloszewski, I. Ghergut, K-P. Seiler, W. Stichler
Chapter 9. Denitrification in a karst aquifer with matrix porosity(cid:9) 87
K-P. Seiler, I. Vomberg
SECTION 3. MODELLING OF NITRATE TRANSPORT AND CHEMISTRY 99
Chapter 10. Development of a groundwater abstraction modelling environment
for drinking water supply(cid:9) 101
L. Hubrechts, J. Feyen, J. Patyn, J. Bronders, A. Refsgaard,
L. Basberg, 0. Larsen, C. Vlieghe, M. Buysse
Chapter 11. Groundwater-borne nitrate intakes into the river Elbe
(cid:9)
(German part) 113
R. Kunkel, F. Wendland, M. Bach, H. Behrendt
Chapter 12. Development of tools needed for an impact analysis for
(cid:9)
groundwater quality due to changing of agricultural soil use 123
W. Mioduszewski, M. Fic, A. Slesicka, A. Zdanowicz,
W. Walther, M. Paetsch, F. Reinstotf, D. Weller,
S. Diankov, G. Velovsky, S. Radoslavov, W. Marinov,
0. Nicheva, E.P. Querner, J. Roelsma
Chapter 13. Modelling of nitrate leaching to groundwater under
(cid:9)
Slovenian conditions 129
M. Pintar, V. Zupanc, B. Cenhir Curk
SECTION 4. NITRATE POLLUTION OF GROUNDWATER —
(cid:9)
NATIONAL AND REGIONAL STUDIES 139
(cid:9)
Chapter 14. Nitrate reduction and pyrite oxidations in the Netherlands 141
H.P. Broers
Chapter 15. Nitrate and nitrite in shallow groundwater (cid:9) 149
M. Guzik, P. Liszka, M. Zembal, A. Pacholewski
Chapter 16. Nitrate variations in aquifers: a case study from the Neogene
(cid:9)
aquifers of Trifilia, SW Peloponnesus, Greece 155
G. Panagopoulos, N. Lambrakis
Chapter 17. Nitrate pollution and quality degradation of Ionian coastal
(cid:9)
groundwater (Southern Italy) 163
M. Polemio, P.P. Limoni, D. Mitolo, F. Santaloia, R. Virga
Contents vii
Chapter 18. Nitrates in water of the vadose and phreatic zones,
Cracow Jurassic — Poland(cid:9) 177
J. Rbtkowski, J. Motyka, K. RbZkowski
Chapter 19. Nitrate in Danish groundwater (cid:9) 187
J. Stockmarr, P. Nyegaard
(cid:9)
Chapter 20. Nitrates in fresh water in the Miechow Region, Poland 201
J. Wagner, B. Gajowiec, R. Formowicz
(cid:9)
Chapter 21. Nitrate pollution of groundwater in Flanders (Belgium) 209
K. Walraevens, R. Eppinger
SECTION 5. MONITORING AND PROTECTION OF
GROUNDWATER FROM NITRATE POLLUTION(cid:9) 219
Chapter 22. Agricultural nitrate contamination in groundwater in England
and Wales: an overview(cid:9) 221
I.R. Davey, T.J. Besien, S. Evers, R. Ward
Chapter 23. Can we manage the nitrate concentration in the Ljubljana
(cid:9)
Field aquifer (Slovenia)? 235
B. Bracic-Zeleznik
Chapter 24. Nitrate monitoring and CFC-age dating of shallow groundwaters —
(cid:9)
an attempt to check the effect of restricted use of fertilisers 247
T. Laier
Chapter 25. Reducing nitrate leaching from arable agriculture: preliminary
(cid:9)
results from the Netherlands 259
J.W.A. Langeveld, A.L. Smit, B. Fraters
Chapter 26. Water and agriculture management: environmental problems
in the Fucino Plain (central Italy)(cid:9) 269
M. Petitta, A. Del Bon, E. Burfi, G. Pannunzio
Chapter 27. Nitrate monitoring in groundwater of Dutch provinces(cid:9) 279
M. Van Der Aa, B. Van Der Grift, R. Busink, H.P. Broers
Index(cid:9) 289
Foreword
This book provides an overview of a wide spectrum of current studies of nitrates in
groundwater. Although a number of papers dealing with nitrate pollution of groundwater
have appeared in different conference proceedings for the last 30 years, this is the first
book devoted entirely to the problem of nitrate risk and behaviour in groundwater. This
volume includes 27 papers selected from those presented during the Euromeeting of the
International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) 'Nitrate in groundwater in Europe'.
The meeting, organized by the Polish Geological Institute and the Polish Chapter of the
IAH was held in the health resort Wisla in Poland in 2002. In spite of the title of the
meeting, the problems presented and discussed in Wisla covered all the aspects of nitrate
pollution of groundwaters. Therefore, the scope of this book extends beyond the
European continent. Only the section with articles describing the case studies is limited
to groundwater in Europe. The remaining sections treat the main chemical and physical
processes, which affect nitrate in groundwater as well as describe nitrate distribution
in various aquifers. These are the essential problem areas of groundwater resource
protection.
The papers have been grouped in five sections:
Section 1. Origin of nitrates in groundwater — contains chapters dealing with diffuse
and point sources of nitrates in groundwaters. The authors describe:
• Time evolution of nitrates in waters
• Denitrification and redox processes
• Depth profiles of nitrate content
Section 2. Experimental investigations of nitrates in groundwater — comprises chapters
describing field and laboratory experimental investigations of nitrate behaviour in
groundwaters. These investigations were conducted in:
• Saturated and unsaturated zones
• Renaturalized and managed peatlands
• Changing flow conditions
• Porous and karstic aquifers
• Different agricultural soil use
Section 3. Modelling of nitrate transport and chemistry — all the chapters in this section
present the results of nitrate studies based on the transport and chemical modelling.
Different modelling software tools were applied, such as:
• DAISY, MIKE-SHE, MIKE! 1 (Hubrechts et al.)
• MODFLOW, MT3D (Mioduszewski et al.)
• SWAP, ANIMO, FLOTRANS (Mioduszewski et al.)
• WAVE (Mioduszewski et al.)
• GLEAMS (Pintar et al.)
• WEKU (Kunkel et al.)
