New Heptageniidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from the Réserve Naturelle Intégrale d'Andringitra, Madagascar

10 Pages·1996·3.4 MB·English

by  Michel Sartori

Chapter 10
New
Heptageniidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera)
from the Reserve Naturelle
Integrate d'Andringitra, Madagascar
Michel Sartori and Jean-Marc Elouard
Abstract
Two new species ofHeptageniidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) are described from the nymphal
stage from the Reserve Naturelle Integrate d'Andringitra. One species belongs to the genus
Afronurus and the second to the genus Thalerosphyrus.
Resume
Deux nouvelles especes d'Heptageniidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) sont decrites a partir des
larves de la Reserve Naturelle Integrate d'Andringitra. Une d'entre elles appartient au genre
Afronurus, la seconde au genre Thalerosphyrus.
Introduction pads and is almost ready to molt to the subima-
ginal stage; larva: any otherimmature stage youn-
Malagasy mayflies (Ephemeroptera) belonging ger than the nymph; and pecten(s): "any comb-
to the family Heptageniidae are poorly known. like structure or organ" (Torre-Bueno, 1989); we
The first report from the islandisalarvaidentified use this term to name the "comb-shaped struc-
as Notonurus sp. by Demoulin (1973). In the fol- tures" that are found on the outer margin of the
lowing years Edmunds (1975, 1979) mentioned galea-lacinia of the maxillae (see Fig. 10-25).
undescribed species from Madagascar belonging
to genera Afronurus, Compsoneuriella, and Thal-
erosphyrus. In these publications he drew a gen-
eral outline of the biogeography of these taxa. Descriptions
Three new taxa from the Reserve Naturelle In-
tegrate (RNI) d'Andringitra are discussed here. Afronurus matitensis Sartori & Elouard, new
The nymphs of two forms are described as new species
species for which the imagos are unknown, and (Figs. 10-1 to 10-16)
the nymph of a third species is briefly discussed —
but not formally named. Genus attribution is pro- Nymph Total length without caudal filaments:
visional and awaits the availability of adults, es- male nymph up to 9.5 mm; female nymph up to
pecially male imagos. For details on collection 11.0 mm. Overall coloration dark brown, pale
techniques and stations see Chapter 9. brown head, dark brown thorax and abdomen;
In ordertoavoid any confusion, some terms are pale brown femora with adark dorsal spotat mid-
defined, as follows (Hubbard, 1995). Nymph: a line and apex (Fig. 10-1); yellow-brown ventral
larva that possesses black orextremely dark wing side with the same spots as on dorsum; yellow-
SARTORI & ELOUARD: NEW HEPTAGENIIDAE 121
^
vT
Figs. 10-1 through 10-4. Afronurus matitensis n. sp. 1: dorsal view of nymph; 2: ventral view of nymph; 3:
details ofhead ofa female nymph; 4: prothorax (arrows indicate chitinous creases).
FTELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
122
brown tibiae, dark brown tarsi; gray-brown ster- microdenticles and a posterior row of stout spat-
nites withpaired small pale spots on each sternite; ulate scales with rounded apex (Fig. 10-11). Sev-
gray-brown meso- and metasternite with a dark en pairs of gills, gill VII without tracheal fila-
brown transverse stripe (Fig. 10-2). Purple and ments (Figs. 10-12 to 10-16). Gills I elongated
blackish abdominal gills with visible tracheation; with subparallel margins and slightly acute apex;
yellow-brown caudal filaments with dark brown gills II-IV more rounded and slightly asymmetri-
rings. — cal; gills VII elongated with rounded apex. Distal
Head Very broad head capsule, broadest part part of each segment of caudal filaments with a
at level of the insertion ofantennae; female head whorl ofstout spines apically rounded, as well as
with posterolateral margins rectilinear to slightly long and fine bristles.
concave (Fig. 10-3); male characterized by a
slightly rounded head. Trapezoidal labrum, about
four times wider than long (3.75-4.25); internal Examined Material
margin with a well-marked medium notch; round- —
ed lateral projections slightly bent backward (Fig. Holotype One female nymph; Madagascar,
10-5). Mandibles with long sharp-pointed inci- Fianarantsoa Province, approximately 45 km S
sors, bearing six toeightsmall teeth inthe internal Ambalavao, RNI d'Andringitra, the Matitanana
margin. Asymmetrical prostheca, fine on the left Basin, station 1, 717 m, 22°13'S, 47°01'E, 17 No-
mandible, thicker and slightly indented on the vember 1993. It is deposited in the Mus6e Can-
right one. Hypopharynx with lateral lobes round- tonal de Zoologie, Lausanne, Switzerland. The
ed and covered with long bristles up to the inner type locality is the original collection sample sta-
side (Fig. 10-6). Maxillae densely covered with tion number P0165 ofthe LRSAE field series, as-
scattered bristles (Fig. 10-8). Apex ofgalea-lacin- sociated with the "Biodiversity and Biotypology
ia with about 14-16 pectens, fifth pecten with 11- of Malagasy R—ivers" program.
12 long sharp-pointed teeth. Maxillary palpi Paratypes One female nymph, one male
three-segmented: segment I very long, at least the nymph, five larvae, same data as for holotype; 14
length of galea-lacina, with 18-22 stout bristles larvae at station 5 (P0167), 19 November 1993;
on the external margin; segment II narrower and seven larvae at station 4 (P0168), 20 November
equal in length to segment I; and segment III 1993, RNI d'Andringitra (see Chapter9); two lar-
about 2.5 times shorter than segment II, with the vae, Manampanihy River, 24°41'00"S, 46°53'39"E
apex gradually narrowing to form a sharp-pointed (P0091), 15 April 1992; one male nymph, Na-
tip (Fig. 10-8). Apical part ofsegment II and seg- morona River, Ranomafana, Ifanadiana, 21°15'15"S,
ment III form a brush made of bristles on their 47°27'34"E (P0212), 17 April 1994. All speci-
outer margins. Rib-shaped glossae, rounded api- mens collected by J.-M. Elouard, F-M. Gibon, M.
cally. Paraglossae moderately bent laterally (Fig. Sartori, and others. Some paratypes deposited in
10-7). Labial palpi three-segmented. Inner margin the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle
ofsegment HI markedly sinuous, apex ofsegment (MNHN), Paris, and Centre National sur l'Envi-
II and entire segment III covered with a brush ronnement, Antananarivo.
structure similar to that of maxillary palpi (Fig. Oth—er material not considered as para-
10-9). — types Nine larvae, stream near Ambatolampy,
Thorax Pronotum laterally rounded, withtwo near confluence with the Namorona River, 7 Au-
chitinous creases along symmetrical line, but with gust 1958; two larvae, Amborompotsy River, An-
no posterolateral projections (Fig. 10-4). Legs tsampandrano (forest station), 25 July 1958; five
thick with dilated femora. Tarsal claws with two larvae, Andranomalona River (forest station An-
small subapical teeth. Outer margin of femora dasibe), along Antananarivo-Toamasina Road, 31
covered with long and fine bristles; dorsal surface July 1958. Collected by F. Starmuhlner and J.
of all femora covered with thick short heart- Fontaine.
shaped spines (Fig. 10-10), longest not exceeding
1.5 times wi—dth.
Abdomen No lateral projections on segment Affinities
I, small projections on segment II through IV but
increasing in length towards segment VIII, where Considering the morphology of its mouthparts,
they reach the middle of segment IX. Posterior this new species probably belongs to the genus
margin oftergite V, with one totworows ofsharp Afronurus. Afronurus matitensis resembles some
SARTORI & ELOUARD: NEW HEPTAGENIIDAE 123
Figs. 10-5 through 10-11. Afronurus matitensis n. sp. 5: labrum; 6: hypopharynx; 7: glossae andparaglossae;8:
maxilla; 9: labial palp; 10: spines on dorsum ofhind femora; 11: posteriormargin oftergite V.
124 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Figs. 10-12 through 10-16. Afronurusmatitensis n. sp. 12: gill I; 13: gill III; 14: gill V; 15: gill VI; 16: gill VII.
African species, such as A. oliffi Schoonbee and brown colored legs, apex of femora of nymphs
A. harrisoni Barnard, but it is easily distinguished with dark brown spots. Brown tibia and tarsi dark
by the shape of the gills (distinctly more asym- brown. —
metrical in the African species), by the shape of Head Labrum about four times wider than
the maxillary palpi (first segment shorter in A. long, with nearly rectilinear outer margins and a
oliffi and A. harrisoni), by the number of pectens wide median notch. Lateral projections slightly
of the galea-lacinia (more than 20 for the above bent backward (Fig. 10-21). Hypopharynx with
two species), and by the shape of the spines on lateral lobes rounded and covered with long bris-
the dorsum of the femora (sharp-pointed for A. tles thatdo notextendtothe innerside. Mandibles
harrisoni; see Schoonbee, 1968). with indented incisors. Asymmetrical prostheca.
Galea-lacinia of maxillae covered with scattered
long bristles (Fig. 10-24). Apex with 14-16 pec-
Thalerosphyrusjosettae Sartori & Elouard, new tens, fifth with 10-11 thick sharp-pointed teeth
species (Fig. 10-25). Maxillary palpi three-segmented.
(Figs. 10-17 to 10-32) Segment I shorter than galea-lacina, with 25-28
— stout bristles on its outer margin. Segment II
Nymph Body length without caudal filaments: about 1.2 times longer than the first. Segment III
male nymph up to 9.5 mm, female nymph up to short, with a rounded apex (Fig. 10-24). Rib-
10.5 mm. Overall coloration chestnut brown to shaped glossae, paraglossae moderately stretched
pale brown; evenly colored head and thorax. Ab- toward lateral side (Fig. 10-23). Labial palpi
dominal tergites with distinctively dark brown on three-segmented. Subrectilinear internal margin
yellowish brown ground (Fig. 10-17). Sternites for third s—egment.
alsodistinctive, yellowish beige, with pairedelon- Thorax Prothorax markedly rounded on both
gateddark brown spots andpaired points all along sides with a beginning of rounded projections in
the median line, the complete structure lamp- latero-posterior part (Fig. 10-19). Prothoracic
shade shaped (Fig. 10-18). Evenly yellowish creases not heavily sclerotized. Well-developed
SARTORI & ELOUARD: NEW HEPTAGENIIDAE 125
--• »
17 id
Figs. 10-17 through 10-20. Thalerosphyrusjosettae n. sp. 17: dorsal viewofnymph; 18: ventral viewofnymph;
19: prothorax (arrows indicate chitinous creases); 20: details ofthoracic margin (arrows indicate supracoxal spurs).
supracoxal spurs for meso- and metathorax (Fig. segments I-VI, barely visible on segments VII
V
10-20). Legs with stout tarsal claws generally and VIII. Posterior margin oftergite presenting
with three sharp-pointed subapical teeth. Dorsum two to three rows of microdenticles as well as a
of hind femora with spines more than two times row with teeth alternating with pyriform scales
longer than wide, with diverging rounded to about 1.5 times longerthan the teeth (Fig. 10-27).
slightly open—ed apexes (Fig. 10-26). Seven pairs of gills, last pair without tracheal fil-
Abdomen Lateral projections unmarked on aments. All gills are markedly asymmetrical and
126 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Figs. 10-21 through 10-27. Thalerosphyrusjosettaen. sp. 21: labrum; 22: hypopharynx;23: labium;24: maxilla;
25: median pectens ofgalea-lacinia; 26: spines on dorsum ofhind femora; 27: posteriormargin oftergite V.
SARTORI & ELOUARD: NEW HEPTAGENIIDAE 127
Figs. 10-28 through 10-32. Thalerosphyrusjosettae n. sp. 28: gill I; 29: gill III; 30: gill V; 31: gill VI; 32: gill
VII.
with sharp-pointedapexes, gills Vmostprominent Affinities
(Figs. 10-28 to 10-32). Caudal filaments with
whorls of stout spines at articulation ofeach seg- Two genera are known whose larvae possess
ment. well-developed supracoxal spurs: Compsoneuriel-
la Ulmer(syn. NotonurusCrass fideGillies, 1984)
and Thalerosphyrus Eaton. On the basis of the
Examined Material shape ofthe pronotum, the glossae ofthe labium,
— and the arrangement of scattered bristles on the
Holotype One female nymph, Madagascar, ventral side of the galea-lacinia, this new species
Amborompotsy stream, Antsampandrano (forest probably belongs to the genus Thalerosphyrus,
station), 25 July 1958. Collected by F. Starmuhl- according toJensen (1972). The 10known species
ner and J. Fontaine. Deposited in the Musee Can- are all from the Oriental Realm, except one from
tonal de Zoolo—gie, Lausanne. the Afrotropical Realm. Three are known only at
Paratypes Six larvae, Andringitra Massif, the imaginal stage. The remaining species are T.
station 14 (P0178; see Chapter 9), 29 November ethiopicus Soldan, 1977 (Sudan); T. determinatus
1993; two larvae, Fenoevo, on tributary of Man- (Walker, 1853), T. sinuosus (Navas, 1933), T. su-
ampanihy River, 24°41'00"S, 46°53'39"E (P0091), matranus (Ulmer, 1939) (all from the Sunda Is-
15 April 1992. Some paratypes deposited in lands); T. vietnamensis (Dang, 1967) (Vietnam);
MNHN
and Centre National surPEnvironnement, T. bishopi Braasch and Soldan, 1986 (Malaysia);
Antananarivo. and Tflowersi Venkataraman and Sivaramakrish-
128 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
nan, 1987 (South India). Thalerosphyrusjosettae that preferentially lives in the metarhitral zone.
can be distinguished from all ofthese species ex- Thalerosphyrus josettae n.sp. was found at one
cept T. ethiopicus and T. sinuosus by the lack of station located in a zone ofsavannah on the west-
well-developed lateral projections on the abdo- ern slope ofthe massif at 1900 m. Water temper-
men, as well as by the shape ofthe gills. Gill I is ature at the time ofsampling was at 19°C. Station
more slender in T. ethiopicus, T. determinants, physiognomy would imply that this species lives
and T. sumatranus. Gill VII is especially elongat- in small streams and would be characteristic of
ed in T. sinuosus (see Ulmer, 1939, p. 668), the epirthral zone. There are obvious ecological
whereas in Tflowersi it does not possess an acu- differences between these two species.A. matiten-
minate apex. sis lives in rivers ofeastern humid forest, whereas
T josettae appears to be restricted to warmer
streams running through eastern coast savannah.
Thalerosphyrus species A In continental Africa,Afronurus is associatedwith
mountain streams and turbulent waters (Schoon-
Young larvae similar to T josettae were also bee, 1968; Gillies, 1984). Little is known about
captured in the RNI d'Andringitra. These larvae the ecological requirements of Thalerosphyrus
differ from T.josettae in the uniform whitish col- larvae. They live in perennial streams or brooks
oration of abdominal tergites VI and VII. Apart where water flow is moderate, with shallow and
from tergite coloration, the other main differences warm water (Soldan, 1977, 1991; Braasch & Sol-
are in the maxillae. In Thalerosphyrus sp. A the dan, 1986; Venkataraman & Sivaramakrishnan,
first segment ofthe palpi has 15-17 bristles on its 1987). This information fits what we actually
outer margin, and the galea-lacina crown bears know about the ecology of T josettae. Neverthe-
12-13 pectens, the fifth ofwhich has 12-13 teeth. less, both species have been collected once at the
The remaining characteristics are similar to those same place outside Andringitra (Fenoevo, on trib-
of T. josettae, including pronotum shape, spines utary of Manampanihy River), suggesting that
on the dorsum of femora, tarsal claws, and den- more data are needed before a precise typology
ticulation on posterior margin oftergite V. can be drawn for these two species.
Because only young larvae of Thalerosphyrus
sp. A were available for this study, it is possible
that they represent younger stages of T josettae,
andwe refrain from giving them a specificepithet. Acknowledgments
W
We are deeply indebted to Prof. L. Peters
Examined Material (Tallahassee, Florida)forhishelpin makingavail-
able to us some hard to obtain literature, as well
Four larvae from station 14 (P0178; see Chap- as for his advice. Thanks are also due to L. Ruf-
ter9), 29 November 1993; two larvae, Amborom- fieux (Lausanne) for her help and fruitful discus-
potsy stream, Antsampandrano (forest station), 25 sion.
July 1958. Collected by F. Starmuhlner and J.
Fontaine. Deposited in the Museum Cantonal de
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SARTORI & ELOUARD: NEW HEPTAGENIIDAE 129
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