Table Of ContentPROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
101(1). 1999. pp. 212-218
NEW COMBINATIONS, NEW SYNONYMY, AND HYMONOMY IN THE
ERIOCOCCIDAE, NEW HOMONOMY AND SYNONYMY IN THE
CEROCOCCIDAE, AND TRANSFER OF CANCEROCOCCUS KOTEJA TO THE
MARGARODIDAE (HEMIPTERA: COCCOIDEA)
Douglass R. Miller and Maren E. Gimpel
Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Bldg. 046, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A. (e-mail:
[email protected])
—
Abstract. A database and catalog ofthe eriococcid and cerococcid scale insects ofthe
world is nearly complete and soon will be in press and placed on the World Wide Web.
Before this is done, new combinations and other taxonomic changes need to be validated
in print. This publication includes Neokaweckia Tang and Hao as a new synonym of
Eriococcus, proposal of Neotrichococcus as a new name for Trichococcus Borchsenius,
and new combinations in the family Eriococcidae; a new homonym and synonym in the
Cerococcidae; and transfer of Cancerococcus from Eriococcidae to Margarodidae.
Key Words: felt scales, Coccoidea, Eriococcidae, Cerococcidae, Margarodidae, ScaleNet,
catalog, new combinations, Internet
We currently are finishing a database and goporia was first treated as a synonym by
manuscript on the Eriococcidae and Cero- Miller and Gimpel (1996) andNeokaweckia
coccidae of the world. This research is part is here considered as a newjunior synonym
of a larger project called "ScaleNet" to de- of Eriococcus.
velop a systematic database of the Coccoi- Although some have criticized the lump-
dea of the World; see Miller and Gimpel ing of these genera as a reversion to Lin-
(1996), and Ben-Dov et al. (1997). One of naean times (Koteja 1997), we believe that
the most controversial subjects in synthe- the characters used to define these genera
sizing the systematic data on eriococcids is are homoplasious and discriminate artificial
to make sense out of the genera Acantho- groups. It is logical to assume that natural
coccus Signoret, Anophococcus Balachow- groups occur in this assemblage, but it is
sky, Eriococcus Targioni Tozzetti, Gossy- important to undertake a careful phyloge-
paria Signoret, Greenisca Borchsenius, netic analysis to discover the groupings.
Gregoporia Danzig, Kaweckia Koteja and Some cladistic work using molecular and
Zak-Ogaza, Neokaweckia Tang and Hao, morphological character systems is under-
and Rhizococcus Signoret. Most European way in this regard by P. J. Gullan and Lyn
literature recognizes all, or nearly all, of Cook (Division of Botany and Zoology,
these genera as distinct, e.g., Kosztarab and Australian National University, Canberra).
Kozar (1988), but Hoy (1963) treated many Their preliminary findings have been quite
of them as junior synonyms of Eriococcus interesting and suggest the strong possibil-
and Williams (1985) treated all but Gre- ity that there will be several genera within
goporia as members of Eriococcus. Gre- what is here treated as Eriococcus (Gullan,
VOLUME 101, NUMBER 1 213
&
personal communication June 17, 1998). Greenisca brachypodii Borchsenius
Unfortunately, this important research has Danzig 1966: 43.
been underway for only a short period of Eriococcus centaureae (Savescu), n. comb.
time and currently includes a small sample Acanthococcus centaureae Savescu
of the world eriococcid fauna. 1985: 122.
&
For many years, the first author surmised Eriococcus danzigae (Miller Gimpel), n.
that the unusually large tubular ducts pre- comb.
sent on E. biixi (Fonscolombe) and E. eu- Rhizococcus confusus Danzig 1962a:
calypti Maskell were sufficient to charac- 854 (junior secondary homonym).
&
terize Eriococcus as separate fromAcantho- Acanthococcus danzigae Miller
coccus (see Miller and Williams 1976). Gimpel 1996: 600 (replacement
However, it now appears that this is not name).
necessarily the case and for the purposes of
this paper we accept the conservative view Remarks: The replacement name A. dan-
pending results of the research by Gullan zigae was given for Rhizococcus confusus
and her colleagues. This conservative view Danzig (1962a) when it was transferred to
Acanthococcus by Miller & Gimpel (1996)
is consistent with the research of Ferris
(1957), Hoy (1963), and WilUams (1985) making it a junior secondary homonym of
and places all or most of the questionable A. confusus (Maskell) (1892). The species
genera in the genus Eriococcus. With this epithet danzigae must continue to be used
in mind, it is necessary to move several when transferred to Eriococcus, since A.
species previously placed inAcanthococcus confusus (Maskell) also is placed in Erio-
into the genus Eriococcus for the first time. coccus and is the senior homonym.
&
Eriococcus davidsoni (Miller Miller), n.
New Combinations in the Eriococcidae
comb.
&
Eriococcus abaii (Danzig), n. comb. Acanthococcus davidsoni Miller
Acanthococcus abaii Danzig 1990: Miller 1993: 25.
&
373. Eriococcus dennoi (Miller Miller), n.
Eriococcus actius (Miller & Miller), n. comb.
&
comb. Acanthococcus dennoi Miller Miller
&
Acanthococcus actius Miller Miller 1993: 27.
1993: 9. Eriococcus droserae (Miller, Liu, and How-
Eriococcus adzharicus (Hadzibejli), n. ell), n. comb.
comb. Acanthococcus droserae Miller, Liu,
Acanthococcus adzharicus Hadzibejli and Howell 1992: 512.
&
1960: 310. Eriococcus epacrotrichus (Miller Mil-
Eriococcus arenariae (Miller & Miller), n. ler), n. comb.
&
comb. Acanthococcus epacrotrichus Miller
Acanthococcus arenariae Miller & Miller 1992: 33.
Miller 1993: 13. Eriococcus evelinae (Kozar), n. comb.
Eriococcus barri (Miller), n. comb. Rhizococcus evelinae Kozar 1983:
Acanthococcus barri Miller 1991: 337. 144.
Eriococcus beshearae (Miller & Miller), n. Acanthococcus evelinae (Kozar); Mill-
&
comb. er Gimpel 1996: 600.
Acanthococcus beshearae Miller & Eriococcusfroebeae (Miller), n. comb.
Miller 1993: 15. Acanthococcus froebeae Miller 1991:
&
Eriococcus brachypodii (Borchsenius 343.
Danzig), n. comb. Eriococcus herbaceus (Danzig), n. comb.
214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Rhizococciis herbaceus Danzig 1962b: Acanthococcus matesovae Miller &
22. Gimpel 1996: 600 (replacement
Acanthococciis herbaceus; Nast et al. name).
1990: 120.
Acanthococcus herbaceus; Terezniko- Remarks: The replacement name A. ma-
va 1981: 29. tesovae was given for Acanthococcus mul-
Eriococcus hoyi (Miller & Miller), n. comb. tispinosus Matesova (1976) when it was
Acanthococcus hoyi Miller & Miller transferred to Acanthococcus by Miller &
1992: 44. Gimpel (1996) making it ajunior secondary
Eriococcus iljiniae (Danzig), n. comb. homonym of A. multispinosus Kuhlgatz
Rhizococcus iljiniae Danzig 1972: (1898). The species epithet matesovae must
339. continue to be used when transferred to Er-
Acanthococcus iljiniae; Miller & Gim- iococcus, since A. multispinosus Kulgatz
pel 1996: 601. also is placed in Eriococcus and is the se-
Eriococcus istriensis (Kozar), n. comb. nior homonym.
Gregoporia istriensis Kozar 1983:
Eriococcus megaporus (Miller & Miller), n.
142.
Acanthococcus istriensis; Miller & comb.
&
Acanthococcus megaporus Miller
Gimpel 1996: 601.
Eriococcus korotyaevi (Danzig), n. comb. Miller 1993: 45.
&
Acanthococcus korotyaevi Danzig Eriococcus mesotrichus (Miller Miller),
n. comb.
1982: 145.
&
Eriococcus laeticoris (Tereznikova), n. Acanthococcus mesotrichus Miller
comb. Miller 1993: 48.
&
Greenisca laeticoris Tereznikova Eriococcus microtrichus (Miller Miller),
1965: 975. n. comb.
&
Kaweckia laeticoris; Koteja & Zak- Acanthococcus microtrichus Miller
Ogaza 1981: 507. Miller 1992: 65.
Neokaweckia laeticoris; Tang & Hao Eriococcus minimus (Tang & Li), n. comb.
&
Acanthococcus minimus Tang Li
1995: 514.
Acanthococcus laeticoris; Miller & 1988: 71.
Gimpel 1996: 601. Rhizococcus minimus; Tang & Hao
Eriococcus leptoporus (Miller & Miller), n. 1995: 352.
&
comb. Eriococcus monotrichus (Miller Miller),
Acanthococcus leptoporus Miller & n. comb.
&
Miller 1993: 39. Acanthococcus microtrichus Miller
Eriococcus niackenziei (Miller & Miller), n. Miller 1993: 54.
&
comb. Eriococcus multispinatus (Tang Hao), n.
Acanthococcus niackenziei Miller & comb.
Miller 1992: 60. Rhizococcus multispinatus Tang &
Eriococcus macrobactrus (Miller & Mil- Hao 1995: 598.
ler), n. comb. Acanthococcus multispinatus; Miller
Acanthococcus macrobactrus Miller & & Gimpel 1996: 602.
Miller 1992: 62. Eriococcus oligacanthus (Danzig), n.
Eriococcus matesovae (Miller & Gimpel), comb.
n. comb. Rhizococcus oligacanthus Danzig
Acanthococcus multispinosus Mateso- 1972: 341.
&
va 1976: 24 (junior secondary hom- Acanthococcus oligacanthus; Miller
onym). Gimpel 1996: 602.
VOLUME 101, NUMBER 1 215
Eriococcus oligotrichus (Miller & Miller), Eriococcus whiteheadi (Miller), n.
n. comb. comb.
Acanthococcus oligotrichus Miller & Acanthococcus whiteheadi Miller
Miller 1993: 57. 1991: 350.
Eriococcus ophius (Miller & Miller), n. Eriococcus zernae (Tereznikova), n. comb.
comb. Acanthococcus zernae Tereznikova
&
Acanthococcus ophius Miller Miller 1977: 571.
1993: 59.
Eriococcus orientalis (Borchsenius), n. New Generic Synonymy in the
Eriococcidae
comb.
Greenisca orientalis Borchsenius Neokaweckia Tang & Hao 1995: 596, new
1956: 676. synonymy
Kaweckia orientalis (Borchsenius);
Tang & Hao 1995: 511. Type species: Greenisca rubra Matesova
1960, by monotypy and original designa-
Acanthococcus orientalis (Borchsen-
ius); Miller & Gimpel 1996: 602. tion
Eriococcus oxyacanthus (Danzig), n. comb. Remarks: This genus is characterized by
Acanthococcus oxyacanthus Danzig having a small anal ring, truncate body se-
tae that are restricted to the last abdominal
1975: 55.
& segments, and dorsal cruciform pores.
Rhizococcus oxyacanthus; Kozar
These characters are considered to be with-
Walter 1985: 75.
Eriococcus rubrus (Matesova), n. comb. in the expected range of variation for the
genus Eriococcus.
Greenisca rubra Matesova 1960: 209.
Kaweckia rubra; Koteja & Zak-Ogaza New Generic Homonomy and
1981: 508. Replacement Name in the Eriococcidae
Neokaweckia rubra; Tang & Hao
Neotrichococcus Miller & Gimpel, new
1995: 515.
Acanthococcus rubra; Miller & Gim- replacement name
Trichococcus Borchsenius 1948: 503.
pel 1996: 603.
Eriococcus salicicola Tang, nomen nudum Type species: Trichococcusfilifer Borch-
Remarks: Tang (1984) indicated that this senius 1948, by monotypy and original des-
species occurs widely over northeastern ignation.
China on willow. He stated that he would Remarks: Trichococcus Borchsenius is a
be describing the species as new in the fu- junior homonym of Trichococcus Kanda
ture, but there is no record of its publica- (1941) which is now considered to be aju-
nior synonym ofBeesonia Green. Morrison
tion.
and Morrison (1966) first discovered this
&
Eriococcus stauroporus (Miller Miller), homonymy but did not provide a replace-
n. comb. ment name.
Acanthococcus stauroporus Miller &
Miller 1992: 82. Neotrichococcus filifer (Borchsenius), n.
Eriococcus tosotrichus (Miller & Miller), n. comb.
comb. Trichococcusfilifer Borchsenius 1948:
Acanthococcus tosotrichus Miller & 503.
Miller 1993: 62.
& Family Transfer of Cancerococcus to
Eriococcus washingtonensis (Miller
THE MaRGARODIDAE
Miller), n. comb.
Acanthococcus washingtonensisMiller Cancerococcus Koteja 1988: 412, new
& Miller 1992: 90. family assignment
216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Remarks: This monotypic genus was the name and describing it afterhimself, but
originally placed in the Eriococcidae pre- this was the case. Lambdin (1983) appar-
sumably because of the enlarged setae on ently knew of Green's manuscript name,
the antennae, a character found in many er- but did not realize that Ramakrishna's de-
iococcid males. However, we have discov- scription was valid and described the spe-
ered that the genus is most closely related cies as new. Lambdin also corrected the
to the Pityococcini genera Pityococcus spelling of the species epithet from "ra-
(McKenzie 1942) (including the species P. makrishnae'' to ''ramakrishnai'' and
ferhsi McKenzie, P. deleoni McKenzie, P. moved the species from Cerococcus to As-
rugulosus McKenzie) andDesmococcus (D. terococcus. From the syntypes of Cerococ-
captivus McKenzie and D. sedentarius cus ramakrishnae, we have chosen and
McKenzie) and is here transferred to the marked as lectotype an adult female labeled
Margardodidae. The description of Cancer- in Green's handwriting: "on Ficus rootlets/
ococcus (Koteja 1988) is based on a single India, (Coimbatore)/ coll. Ramakrishna/ 24/
wingless male from amber. The illustrations 31. No. 335." (BMNH). The slide contains
and description provided by Koteja were three specimens; the center specimen is the
compared with a single undetermined male lectotype. There are three paralectotypes.
of Pityococcus deposited in the collection
Acknowledgments
of National Museum of Natural History,
Beltsville, Maryland. The following simi- We thank the following individuals for
larities occur in both taxa: Numerous short their comments and suggestions relative to
setae on the antennae; penial sheath that is improvements of this manuscript: Douglas
apically bifurcate and has a broad aedeagus; J. Williams, Department of Entomology,
antennae with short, round segments; eyes The Natural History Museum, London, UK
apparently numbering 4 (C. apterous) or 5 and Michael E. Schauff, Systematic Ento-
{Pityococcus sp.) on each side of the head mology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
and set on a plate. This combination of Service, USDA, c/o National Museum of
characters is unique to the Pityococcini in Natural History, Washington, DC. Funding
the Margarodidae. for this paper was partially supported by
BARD grant IS-2605. 95CR and is grate-
New Synonymy in the Cerococcidae fully acknowledged.
Asterococcus ramakrishnai (Ramakrishna
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