Neurological Eponyms

386 Pages·2000·22.52 MB·English

by  Peter J. Koehler

NEUROLOGICAL EPONYMS
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NEUROLOGICAL
EPONYMS
Edited Ly
PETER J.KOEHLER
GEORGE W. BRUYN
JOHN M. S. PEARCE
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
2000
OXPORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
Oxford New York
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Copyright © 2000 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.,
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Neurological eponyms / edited by Peter J. Koehler, George W. Bruyn, John M. S. Pearce.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-19-513366-8
1. Neurology—Terminology. 2. Eponyms. I. Koehler, Peter J. II. Bruyn, G. W. III.
Pearce.John, 1936-
[DNLM: 1. Neurologic Examination—Terminology—English. 2.
Eponyms—Terminology—English. 3. Nervous System Diseases—Terminology—English.
4. Neuroanatomy—Terminology—English. WL 15 N494 2000]
RC343 . N434 2000
616.8'01'4—dc21 99-088374
987654321
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
PREFACE
Be not the first by whom the new is tried, nor be the last to
throw the old aside.
Thomas Carlyle, "Sartor resartus est"
Medical eponyms are again in vogue, after a period of 50 to 60 years, lasting through
the 1980s, when would-be-scientific doctors disdainfully rejected eponyms as obsolete.
This seems to have been a feeble attempt to emulate the "real" sciences such as math-
ematics and physics. The medical world has now made a volte face that is curious, if
one sits back and reflects on the underlying forces.
We boldly suggest that it is precisely because medicine has recently acquired a
scientific status that it can afford again the luxury of eponyms. We can put it quite
simply: the silent revolution of molecular biology in identifying mutations, deletions,
frame shifts, and the like—as the explanation of certain phenotypes—has raised the
rational power of medicine to a scientific level. Of course, we can add to this other
factors such as statistical sophisticaton, stricter methodologies, computerized imag-
ing techniques, and advances in electronic and chemical technology.
Liberated from its inferiority complex vis-a-vis the hard-core sciences, medicine
became aware of two situations which reinforced the newly acquired attitude:
1. It now transpires that physics, chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, geography,
paleontology, botany, and the like, command a plethora of many hundreds of
eponyms.
2. Many terms chosen in place of eponyms are unwieldy and awkward, both in
argument and conversation, at conferences and at the bedside. Consider the scientific
diagnosis "the clinical phenotype produced by the point mutation at Vall27/Leul28
position in codon 192 of exon 6 in chromosome 39q27-ter, coding for the omega-
subunit of the potassium-ionophore protein"; substitution of a simple eponym like
"Koehler-Bruyn-Pearce syndrome" is in most circumstances apt and concise. Even if
the descriptive term is correct, it sounds ludicrously pedantic.
This book is derived from Eponyms in Neurological Examination, a text composed
for the centenary of the Netherlands Society of Neurology in 1995. Since the book
was well received in the Netherlands, a revision and expansion to other aspects of
clinical neurology for a broader international audience seemed worthwhile.
Whereas the Dutch edition was confined to eponyms in neurological examination,
V
vi Prerace
with this book we had to face the problem of making a considered choice from the
many existing neurological eponyms.
Several criteria were applied to the choice of eponyms to be included. We con-
sidered frequency of occurrence, familiarity of the clinical neurologist with the no-
tion or concept, and the importance for neurology of the person behind the
eponym. Furthermore, we attempted to include eponyms from several fields that are
relevant for the neurological clinic. Starting at the base (neuroanatomy) and work-
ing up to well-defined diseases we arrived at five classes of neurological eponyms:
anatomy and pathology, symptoms and signs, reflexes and tests, clinical syndromes,
and finally diseases and defects. Of course there will be readers who wonder why cer-
tain eponyms were included and others not. Selection is always arbitrary. But this an-
thology covers the history of clinical neurology in sufficient depth to show the prob-
lems confronting our predecessors.
The authors were asked to follow the same format for their respective chapters,
in order to achieve uniformity. They were invited to write a short biography and to
discuss the original or key publication as well as the subsequent evolution and signif-
icance of the eponym.
This book aims at both education and entertainment. They are best intermin-
gled so that where the first ends, the second starts. Enjoyment of the unknown and
unexpected, we hope, will enhance the teaching of neurology's heritage in this age
of CD-ROM and Internet. We still need an appreciation of the human, cultural fac-
tor in today's chilly technocracy. If this book succeeds in such purposes, its making
was not in vain.
We would like to acknowledge the contributors, who were prepared to offer a
good deal of their time to write one or more chapters and to suffer the editing
process. We are grateful to Mirjam Wetzels, librarian, for searching and ordering nu-
merous articles; to Frans Goutier, photographer, who helped in the preparation of
many figures; and to the secretaries Chantal Broers, Chantalle Dinther, Marion
Spaans-Metz, and Gaby Wijsman, who provided administrative assistance.
September 1999 P. J. K.
G. W. B.
J. M. S. P.
CONTENTS
Contributors xi
PART I STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES
1. Adamkiewicz's Artery 3
Boleslav Lichterman
2. Brodmann's Cortical Areas 9'
Chris U. M. Smith
3. Head's Areas 15
Ernst M. H. van den Doel
4. The Foramen of Monro 21
Ernest H. Jellinek
5. Meynert's Basal Nucleus 29
Franz Seitelberger
6. The Purkinje Cell 37
Jan Voogd
7. The Schwann Cell 44
Axel Karenberg
8. The Sylvian Fissure 51
Harm Beukers
9. The Circle of Willis 56
Hansruedi E. Isler
10. Wallerian Degeneration 63
Alan H. Sykes
PART II SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
11. Cheyne-Stokes Breathing 71
Peter J. Koehler and John B. Lyons
12. The Gushing Reflex 77
H. August M. van Alphen
13. Froment's Sign 83
Frank Spaans
14. Cowers' Sign 87
NicolaasJ. M. Arts
vii
viii Contents
15. Jacksonian Epilepsy 94
George K. York and Peter J. Koehler
16. Todd's Paralysis 100
John B. Lyons
17. Lhermitte's Sign 106
Jos A. M. Frederiks
PART III REFLEXES AND OTHER TESTS
18. Babinski's Sign 113
Jan van Gijn
19. The Barre and Mingazzini Tests 119
Peter J. Koehler
20. The Reflexes of Hoffmann, Tromner, and Mayer 127
Hendrikus G.J. Krouwer, PaulE. Barkhaus, andPiero G. Antuono
21. The Hoffmann-Tinel Sign 136
Frank Spaans
22. Jendrassik's Maneuver 143
Jan Stam
23. TheTestofLasegue 148
Hans]. G. H. Oosterhuis
24. Kernig's and Brudzinski's Sign 154
Anton Valkenburg
25. Moro's Reflex 160
RianneJ. Wennekes
26. Romberg's Sign 166
Jan M. Keppel - Hesselink and Peter J. Koehler
27. The No-Rebound Phenomenon of Stewart-Holmes 172
NicolaasJ. M. Arts and George W. Bruyn
PART IV SYNDROMES
28. Adie's Syndrome 181
George W. Bruyn and William Gooddy
29. Bell's Palsy 187
Antoine Keyser and John M. S. Pearce
30. Broca's Aphasia 194
David Moffie and Francis Schiller
Contents ix
31. The Brown-Sequard Syndrome 200
Peter J. Koehler and Michael]. Aminoff
32. Erb's Palsy 207
Richard P. M. Bruyn
33. Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome 212
Howard I. Kushner and David Cortes
34. The Guillain-Barre Syndrome 219
Eelco F. M. Wijdicks and Allan H. Ropper
35. Homer's Syndrome 227
George W. Bruyn and William Gooddy
36. Korsakoff s Syndrome 234
Ben A. Blansjaar
37. Parinaud's Syndrome 239
Ernst H. Koppejan
38. Wernicke's Aphasia 244
AnneliesJ. E. Dalman and Paul Eling
39. Wallenberg's Syndrome 250
Henry J. M. Barnett and Heather Meldrum
PARTY DISEASES AND DEFECTS
40. Alzheimer's Disease 261
NicolaasJ. M. Arts
41. Charcot's Disease 269
Christopher G. Goetz
42. The Chiari Malformation 277
Peter J. Koehler and Samuel H. Greenblatt
43. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease 283
Charles M. Poser and George W. Bruyn
44. Curschmann-Steinert Disease 291
Richard P. M. Bruyn
45. Down's Syndrome 296
Conor Ward
46. Duchenne's Dystrophy 301
Peter Hudgson
47. Von Economo's Encephalitis 309
NicolaasJ. M. Arts
48. Friedreich's Ataxia 316
Peter J. Koehler
49. Horton's Syndrome 322
John M. S. Pearce