Neuroendocrine Correlates of Stress

349 Pages·1985·13.663 MB·English

by  Zsolt Liposits, István Lengvári, Sándor Vigh (auth.), Kenneth W. McKerns, Vladimir Pantić (eds.)

Neuroendocrine
Correlates of Stress
BIOCHEMICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
Series Editor: Kenneth W. McKerns
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE GONADOTROPINS
Edited by Kenneth W. McKerns
SYNTHESIS AND RELEASE OF ADENOHYPOPHYSEAL
HORMONES
Edited by Marian Jutisz and Kenneth W. McKerns
REPRODUCTIVE PROCESSES AND CONTRACEPTION
Edited by Kenneth W. McKerns
HORMONALL Y ACTIVE BRAIN PEPTIDES: Structure and Function
Edited by Kenneth W. McKerns and Vladimir Pantie
REGULA TION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY HORMONES
Edited by Kenneth W.McKerns
REGULATION OF TARGET CELL RESPONSIVENESS, Volumes 1 and 2
Edited by Kenneth W. McKerns esbjrllrn Aakvaag, and Vidar Hansson
HORMONAL CONTROL OF THE HYPOTHALAMO-PITUITARY
GONADAL AXIS
Edited by Kenneth W. MeKerns and Zvi
NEUROENDOCRINE CORRELATES OF STRESS
Edited by Kenneth W. Me Kerns and Vladimir Pantie
Neuroendocrine
Correlates of Stress
Edited by
Kenneth W McKerns
The International Foundation for Biochemical Endocrinology
Blue HIli Falls, Maine
and
Vladimir Pantic
Institute for Biological Research
Belgrade, Yugoslavia
PLENUM PRESS •
NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Neuroendocrine Aspects of Stress (1984: Cavtat, Croatia)
Neuroendocrine correlates of stress.
(Biochemical endocrinology)
"Proceedings of an international symposium entitled Neuroendocrine Aspects of
Stress, held Sept. 9-15, 1984, in Cavtat, Yugoslavia" - T .p. verso.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
I. Stress (Physiology) - Congresses. 2. Neuroendocrinology - Congresses. 3. Hypo
thalamo-hypophyseal system - Congresses. I. McKerns, Kenneth W. II. Pantie,
Vladimir. III. Title. IV. Series.
QP82.2.S8N48 1984 612/.4 85-12162
ISBN 978-1-4684-8555-4 ISBN 978-1-4684-8553-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4684-8553-0
Proceedings of an international symposium entitled Neuroendocrine Aspects of
Stress, held September 9-15, 1984, in Cavtat, Yugoslavia
(el 1985 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1985
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
The beautiful town of Cavtat near Dubvronic, Yugoslavia was
the site of the twelfth meeting of the International Foundation for
Biochemical Endocrinology. It was sponsored by the Serbian Academy
for Sciences and Arts and by the Foundation.
The Croatia Hotel in Cavtat was a splendid place for a
meeting. The presentation of the subject matter relating to
"Neuroendocrine Correlates of Stress" was interesting and informa
tive. The topics included many forms of stress, their mediators
and responses. They included: releasing factors; neurotransmitters
in the hypothalamus; role of noradrenal ine; the reaction of the
hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis to stress; immunological
stress; thermal stress; immobil ization stress; peptides in shock;
stress-induced prolactin; stress and acupuncture; stress and
behavior; spinal cord transection and stress; electroconvulsive
stress; neuroendocrine cells and stress; protein kinase as a signal
transducer; the effects of constant 1 ight and darkness on the
pineal; sleep, stress and ovarian function; and finally, hormonal
response to exercise.
Subsequently, the papers presented were rewritten for
inclusion in this monograph.
The Chairmen for the sessions at Cavtat were K. McKerns and
Stefan Manolov, V. Chong-Li and L. Rakic, S. Feldman and R. Mil in,
M. Lee and V. Liposits.
The next meeting of the Foundation will be held in Edinburgh
near the end of September, 1985. The topic will be "Neuroendocrine
Molecular Biology" with Professor George Fink as Honorary Chairman
of the local organizing committee.
Kenneth W. McKerns
Vladimir Pantie
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The editors thank the organIZIng committee of the meeting at
Cavtat, consisting of: Vladimir Pantie as Chairman; with Radoslav
K. Anaus, Borislav Bozovic, Radivoj Mil in, Vojislav Petrovic,
Ljubisav Racic and Du~an Gledic.
The Foundation is grateful for the financial support provided
by the Serbian Academy. The American Cyanimid Company provided
travel support for one participant.
The Foundation is indebted to Prof. Dr. Dusan Kanazir, the
President of the Serbian Academy for continued interest and help.
vi
CONTENTS
The Paraventriculo-Infundibular CorticotropIn Releasing
Factor (CRF) - Immunoreactive System of the Rat-
I. Morphological Aspects ............ .
Z. Liposits, I. lengvari, S. Vigh, T. Gores,
G. Setal6 and B. Flerko
The Paraventriculo-Infundibular Corticotropin Releasing
Factor (CRF) - System I I. Functional Aspects 21
I. lengvari. M. Kovacs, Z. liposits, S. Vigh
and B. FI erko
Role of Neurotransmitters and Electrophysiological
Changes in the Hypothalamus Related to Central
Adrenocortical Regulation •.......... 39
S. Feldman and D. Saphier
Role of Brain Noradrenal ine in the Effects of Pre- and
Early Postnatal Stress on the Adrenocortical
Function in Adults ............ . 63
E.V. Naumenko
Modified Development of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary
Adrenocortical (HPA) Axis Response to Stress
in Young Rodents with Experimentally Altered
Thyro i d Status .............. . 81
l. A. Meserve
Immunological Stress Induces Severe Cardiac Myolysis:
Mediation by leukotrienes ..... 95
U. Zor, S. Moshonov, A. Meshorer and N. Kaul i
Relationships Between the Amount of Sleep, Stress
and Ovarian Function in Women . . .. . ... 111
R.T. Chatterton, Jr., A.J. Dan, F.A. Deleon-Jones,
G.A. Hudgens, J.N. Haan, S.D. Cheesman and
K.l. Cheesman
vii
~~ CONTENTS
Hormonal Response to Exercise in Non-Athletic
Women . • . . • • . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • 125
R.T. Chatterton, Jr., F.A. Deleon-Jones,
G.A. Hudgens, A.J. Dan and K.l. Cheesman
Neuroendocrine Control in the Thermal Stress ......... 139
V.M. Petrovi~
The Significance of the Chol inergic-Adrenergic
Interactions in the Response of the Rat
to Immobil ization Stress. . . . .. . ....... 165
S. Stepanivic, V.M. Varagic, J. Nikolic and
R. Kvetnansky
Endogenous Peptides in Circulatory Shock ........... 177
W. Krause, K. Nieber and P. Oehme
Pineal Gland and Opioid Peptides Might be Intervening
Variables in Initial Stress-Induced Prolactin
Surge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 191
J. Mil in, J. Martinovi6, M. Demajo, B. BaniE
and R. Milin
Effect of Constant light and Darkness on the Deep
Pineal of the Rat . . . . . . . ..... 217
M. Kecman, l.J. Somer and M. Matavulj
The Relationship Between Stress and Acupuncture
Analgesia ................ 227
Z. Chong-li and F. Bei-Yuan
ACTH Neurons, Stress and Behavior: A Synthesis ........ 239
J . M. S t ewa r t
Some Endorcine and Metabol ic Consequences of the
Stress Following High level Spinal Cord
Section ..................... 269
K. Vaptzarova and P.G. Popov
Reaction of Neuroendocrine Cells to Stress .......... 289
V. Pantie
Calcium-Activated Phosphol ipid-Dependent Protein
Kinase: A Novel Signal Transduction
Mechanism in the Pituitary ............... 325
Z. Naor and J. Hermon
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
THE PARAVENTRICULO-INFUNDIBULAR CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING
FACTOR (CRF)-IMMUNOREACTIVE SYSTEM OF THE RAT - I.
MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Zsolt Liposits, Istvan Lengvari, Sandor Vigh,
Tamas Gores, Gyorgy Setalo, and Bela Flerko
D~partment of Anatomy, University Medical School
Pees, Hungary
INTRODUCTION
The hormone production of the anterior pituitary is
influenced by neurosecretory materials produced in neurons
of the prosencephalon (Szentagothai et al., 1962). The
bioactive substances released from nerve endings of the
median eminence and the pituitary stalk are taken up by
hypophyseal portal vessels. which distribute them to the
pars distalis of the pituitary gland (Harris. 1955). The
stimulatory effect of diencephalic extracts upon the
hormone secretion of adrenocortico~roph cells (Guillemin
and Rosenberg, 1955; Saffran and Schally, 1955) proved
the' existence of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF).
In the last three decades, several substances were
proposed to be CRF's or at least modulators of the adreno
corticotroph hormone (ACTH) releasing substance (for
review see Saffran and Schally, 1977; Yasuda et al.,
1982). Vale et ale (1981) have rencently reported the
isolation of a 4l-amino acid peptide from ovine hypo
thalamic tissue, with potent activity to stimulate the
secretion of ACTH and beta-endorphin. The synthetic CRF
has also been demonstrated to cause a dose related
release of pituitary ACTH and beta-endorphin both in
vitro and in vivo (Rivier et al .• 1982; Spiess et al.,
1981; Turkelson et al .• 1981). The availability of
synthetic CRF has allowed the generation of antibodies
for radioimmunoassay (RIA) quantitation and immuno
morphological analysis of CRF-containing structures
(Moldowand Fischman. 1982a; Vigh et al .• 1982b).
The present study was focused on the morphology of
2 Z. LlPOSITS ET AL.
the paraventriculo-infundibular CRF-system of the rat,
as the main neuronal circuit transporting CRF to the
hypophyseal portal vessels.
For the detection of hormone containing structures
the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase complex (PAP) method
(Sternberger, 1979) and its modified silver-gold-post
intensified form (Liposits et al., 1983b) were used,
both at light and electron microscopic levels. The
generation and characterization of the primary antibody
(SV-22, raised against synthetic ovine CRF coupled to
bovine serum albumin) has already been published
(Merchenthaler et al., 1982; Vigh et al., 1982a).
DISTRIBUTION OF CRF-IMMUNOREACTIVE STRUCTURES IN EXTRA
HYPOTHALAMIC BRAIN REGIONS
Fischman and Moldow (1982) measured the CRF-immuno
reactivity of extrahypothalamic brain areas in normal
adult rats - by RIA - and found a very wide distribution
throughout the neuroaxis.
Immunohistological studies - carried out on
colchicine pretreated rat brains - also revealed the
presence of CRF-immunoreactive neurons and fibers in
many regions of the brain (Merchenthaler et al., 1982,
1984a, b; Olschowka et al., 1982; Swanson et al., 1983).
In the telencephalon, most of the CRF-neurons are located
in the nucleus accumbens (Fig. lb), the bed nucleus of
the stria terminalis and the central amygdaloid nucleus.
The olfactory bulb (Fig. la), cortical mantle and hippo
campal formation also contain a moderate number of CRF
cells. The central tegmental area, the periaqueductal
central gray (Fig. Ie) and the dorsal raphe region are
the CRF-immunopositive parts of the mesencephalon. In
the metencephalo~ the locus coeruleus, the dorsal and
ventral parabrachial nuclei .and the laterodorsal tegmental
nucleus are involved in CRF production. In the myel
encephalo~, the medial vestibular nucleus (Fig. If), the
nucleus of the solitary tract and the reticular nucleus
showed immunoreaction. CRF-containing perikarya were
observed in laminae V-VII, X and sympathetic intermedio
lateral column of the spinal cord after colchicine
administration (Merchenthaler et al., 1983b). Many of
the above mentioned areas belong to the limbic system
and take part in the mediation of autonomic responses.
The presence of CRF in these structures suggests that
the neurohormone beyond the regulation of the hypo
physeal adrenal axis may also act as a neuromodulator.
The finding that exogenously administrated CRF acts
directly on hippocampal, hypothalamic (Vale et al., 1983)