Table Of ContentNETWORK-CENTRIC
SERVICE-ORIENTED ENTERPRISE
William Y. Chang
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Contents
Dedication v
Preface ix
Foreword xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Information Superiority 1
Enabler of Information Superiority 47
Wireless Network Technologies 101
Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications 157
Building a Wireless Transport Service 211
Network and Service Monitoring 261
Service Quality Management 305
Integrated Information Assurance 353
Service Knowledge Management 403
Network-Centric Service-Oriented Enterprises 449
References 501
Index 523
vii
Preface
Corporate information is skyrocketing in business values; for enterprise,
what is best practice for developing and maintaining goals and standards to
enhance information management and business operations?
The growing need to incorporate and exchange information across net-
works has driven corporations to establish infrastructure for high-distribution
communities in a timely and safe manner. Service-Oriented Enterprise (SOE)
is lauded as a mainstream business-information collaboration solution due to
its decentralized, loosely coupled, and highly interoperable nature. Through
SOE, composite applications can be created, modified, and removed in a
dynamic use of services. This allows corporate information to be abstracted
from existing applications and data, and creating new possibilities for assets to
be either provided by external platforms or provisioned from external sources.
Within a business/commercial paradigm, SOE translates to a set of
flexible services and processes that an organization wishes to make available
to its customers, partners, and/or associates. From a technical perspective,
SOE evolves existing integration concepts into the notion of a contract – a
technology-neutral and business-specific representation of the function.
The history of the term network-centricity has represented different per-
ceptions in the realm of enterprise services. In such traditional Information
Technology (IT) domains as the telecommunications industry, networking
has comprised a complex and expensive asset-management effort for service
carriers. Network operators are consistently challenged to manage technolo-
gies and associated procedures that are continually growing and changing.
Efficiency of resource management via network-centricity has widely been
regarded as a cornerstone of business assurance.
ix
x Preface
However, as network technologies develop toward increasingly modular-
ized and streamline design, the industry-wide shift is to a more complex
paradigm – one in which single providers are no longer capable of providing
comprehensive product sets to satisfy every need of their target customers.
In turn, this trend has driven service providers and network operators alike
from network-centric (resource-centric) practice, toward a service-centric
business paradigm that resets focus upon Quality of Service (QoS) and
service-level management.
The intent of this movement has been to improve efficiency of value-
chain model integration with other service providers. Greater alliance allows
service providers to leverage technology for product enrichment (through
value-chain implementation), while reducing costs and risks with the
relationship of destiny-sharing. In a context of service-provider operations,
both network-centric and service-centric practices aim to support horizontal
interoperability and efficiency. Some companies, marketing perspective,
promote the idea of user-centricity, proclaiming their strategies are proac-
tively driven by their end customer’s desires.
This means that, while corporate entities have striven to improve value-
chains by creating more “what-users-want” products, rapid advancements in
business and technology have indicated that optimal functionality rests with
neither service-centric nor user-centric practices. In essence, outcome
numbers are still intimately linked to levels of efficiency and effectiveness in
corporate operations both vertically and horizontally.
Following the advent of TCP/IP and the Internet, both of which have
wielded tremendous socioeconomic impact worldwide, the Department of
Defense (DoD) initiated a new IT revolution. Based upon the Global
Information Grid (GIG) model, and focusing on performance outcomes
of organizational adaptation, survival, and competency, Network-Centric
Operations (NCO) was created to address networked information sharing
and decision efficiency.
The applications of NCO are used by DoD in next-generation battle
applications for mobilized soldiers to obtain and provide thorough warfare
awareness in any place at any time. The vision of NCO is to foster an agile,
robust, interoperable, and collaborative organization in which martial, com-
mercial, and covert users all share knowledge on a secure and dependable
global network.
NCO enables excellent decision-making, effective operations, and
efficient process transformation. The concept of network-centricity in this
new context is no longer about telecommunications networks or computer
networking; rather, it regards an emerging body of organized behaviors per-
taining to real-time information management. This unprecedented level of
Preface xi
information collaboration allows users and systems to share insights and add
values to a sharable knowledge community.
NCO is markedly different from a data-centric paradigm where data is
centralized for access – it allows geographically disparate users, units, and
organizations to act as a cohesive team. In sharing a common business-
operational picture, the process of information position to action (a figure
that DoD calls “speed of execution”) is optimized.
This invention has informed the direction of enterprises in different ways
than in the defense industry. In the commercial arena, adoption of SOE en-
courages enterprises to employ Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) as the
supporting technology. Yet, as business operations began moving away from
the legacy flow-through process into an SOA-based flat and peer-to-peer
framework, some weaknesses of pure SOA surfaced. For instance, some cru-
cial business attributes and relationships were sacrificed for SOA transforma-
tion, and the new stateless paradigm requires intricate service designs to
compensate for displaced hierarchical relationships. Additionally, while SOA
has reached a certain level of maturity in most deployments, it remains in its
nascent phase per wireless applications, especially with ad-hoc networking.
Network-centricity in general business operations assists in making any
system’s business data available to all users at any time, subject to security
and access controls. Another notable feature, from an implementation per-
spective, is that new systems only need to be developed when new informa-
tion is required.
To differentiate from the military’s NCO, the term Network-Centric
Business Operations (NCBO) is used throughout this book to detail illustra-
tions of enriched and generic enterprise applications. In essence, it is this
combination of business policies, techniques, and procedures that allows
networked resources to create decisive Information Superiority (IS) in
business operations.
A cornerstone of successful NCBO is up its ability to leverage enterprise
services and capacities in order to share workforces across departments, or-
ganizations, or companies. Such capabilities amount to an optimization of
corporate-data management. Supported by reliable, consistent, and predictable
communications between services that are deployed across a distributed enter-
prise, NCBO can reach higher standards in business fulfillment and assurance.
The insights and values of this new concept are critical to an enterprise’s
success; thus, it should be seen as a general advantage to business opera-
tions. Furthermore, exposure of NCBO to the whole enterprise as an
xii Preface
integrated framework (work processes, data flows, Web services, network
communications, et al.) can impact existing corporate cultures. An example:
the on-demand computing feature of NCBO, capable of dynamically shifting
work between similar services and routing the results, can help enterprises to
identify and leverage similar or redundant resources. This forces an enter-
prise to reshape its organizations and responsibilities.
Network-Centric Service-Oriented Enterprise (NCSOE) is seen as her-
alding the next generation of enterprise-level business information collabora-
tion. Using an NCBO framework, NCSOE can enforce information and
decision superiority in decentralized, loosely coupled, and highly interoper-
able service environments. From a standpoint of system integration, this
book establishes a system-to-system view of information technologies, offer-
ing a synergistic combination of data- and information-processing capacities
upon an innovative network-management framework.
Maximizing the advantage of SOA openness, NCBO presents compelling
additions to support optimization of corporate performance and investment
yield. Although GIG working with SOA is not a new idea (in fact, many
government projects such as Federal Enterprise Architecture have compre-
hensive requirements in project management and interface standards), it is
worthwhile to acknowledge that the uniqueness of this book is its practical
focus upon tightly integrated business policy, quality-control monitoring and
capabilities, and wireless network technology that addresses the entire
spectrum of NCBO implementation.
This book begins by examining current service-oriented technologies and
their associated service-management aspects, including two detailed models
courtesy of DoD and TeleManagement Forum (TMF). Subsequently, these
subjects are extended to cater to wireless-networking technologies in trans-
port services, concentrating upon ad-hoc networking and sensing applica-
tions. Attention then is given to areas of service management – specifically,
monitoring and control for QoS and Information Assurance (IA) are
addressed. The concept of integrated IA stands beyond the existing security
scope, presenting a rule-based framework in which data security is incorpo-
rated within the enterprise-data strategy. Currently, integrated rules permit
business missions to be closely interrelated with assurance requirements.
Establishing and expanding upon an integrated data and information
strategy is the main thrust of this book. A knowledge-management chapter
herein examines current methodologies alongside the concept of NCBO.
Different advanced data fusions are profiled in the chapter as foundations
Preface xiii
for accomplishing IS. To contend with accelerating changes in technology
and services, guidance per implementation and management for emergent
Enterprise 2.0 technologies is given in the book’s final chapter. This book
concludes with a glimpse of potential NCBO applications in SOE, including:
financial operations, customer-relationship management, workforce man-
agement, and telecom-business process management.
William Y. Chang
Irvine, California
July 2007
www.ncsoe.com
Foreword
Today’s enterprise platforms and software businesses comprise a dauntingly
complex environment that challenges nearly every aspect of corporate opera-
tions. This overall complexity is particularly apparent in the critical areas
of software development, computer networking, system integration, service
delivery, and quality assurance.
The core component and critical enabler of a Service Oriented Enterprise
is the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Common Operation Picture
(COP) technologies. SOA is a style of information system architecture that
enables the creation of applications built by effectively combining loosely
coupled and interoperable services. An effective implementation of SOA and
COP lies upon a network-centric business operation while information is
collected and organized into sensible intelligence and knowledge.
The Network-Centric Service Oriented Enterprise (NCSOE) presents a
system-of-systems framework that can assist the system integrators and
solution vendors in establishing a feasible path for achieving operational
openness and efficiency. For instance, applications of Platform as a Service
(PaaS) adopts the concept that platforms are costly, therefore the ability to
create a platform through a subscription service can avoid associating applica-
tions on one physical platform. As the result, the corporate applications, data,
and users can be moved around more effectively and economically. While the
virtualization paradigm may introduce overhead and impact the computing
performance, NCSOE offers a new breed of solution that improves the speed
of communication by breaking through the barriers of business domains and
application segments.
Being a seasoned system integrator, the author offers a staging guidance
with practical samples and methodologies for the development and fielding
of network-centric, service-based solutions for different business sectors.
The content of the book provides a useful background for readers who are
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