NEOTYPIFICATION OF ARTEMISIA CARRUTHII (ASTERACEAE: ANTHEMIDEAE)

2009·9.2 MB·English

by  Caleb A Morse

ANTHEMIDEAE)
NEOTYPIFICATION OF ARTEMISIA CARRUTHI1 (ASTERACEAE:
L
James
Morse
Caleb Reveal
A.
McGregor Herbarium LH. Hortorium Herbarium
R.L Bailey
Museum
Departmen
of
Division of Botany, Natural History Plan Biology
t t
and
Research Center Cornell University
Biodiversity
Mann
University of Kansas 4 12 Library Bldg
New
USA.
2045 Constant Ave York 14853-430
Ithaca,
1,
USA.
Lawrence, Kansas 66047-3729, [email protected]
[email protected]
Wood
new
Alphonso
James Harrison Carruth (1807-1896) published three species attributed in his
to
The
one
"Centennial catalog of the plants of Kansas" (1877). disposition of of these, Cyperus spiculatus Alph.
Wood
synonym been by
ex Carruth Muhl., has discussed
(Cyperaceae), likely a later of C. erythrorhizos
McGregor and Brooks (1982). not clear that Carruth actually intended to publish the second species,
It is
Wood
new
Muhlenbergia innominata Alph. in Carruth (Poaceae) as to science, rather than merely indicating
Wood
had Although meets requirements
undescribed. the publication, the descrip-
that identified as for
it
it
was reproduced almost verbatim from Carruth where the taxon was described without an
tion (1873), first
name name
The was not addressed by McGregor and Brooks and the has been
epithet. status of this (1982),
overlooked by other authors. Original material has not been located. The third species, Artemisia carruthii
Wood
Alph. ex Carruth, was published with this statement as protolog:
its
and
Carruth did not type material or place of collection, the species not figured in the publication.
cite is
Here, we discuss the source and fate of the original material, which appears to have been lost around the
we
To name,
time of publication. application of the designate a neotype.
fix
Smyth was
In an 1892 Bernard (1843-1913), Carruth suggests that original material in
letter to B.
names, he had specimens
existence the time he published these reporting that sent "several to [Wood]",
at
and that names published in his 1877 were based on those specimens (Carruth 1892). That Carruth took
list
own
pains indicate that the description of Artemisia carruthii was his and not merely transcribed from
to
Wood,
correspondences from as he did in the case of Muhlenbergia innominata, suggests that a least one set
of specimens was in his possession at or near the time of publication. However, original material was almost
certainly not collected by Carruth himself. Carruth (1877) noted that the he had "not traveled widely, but
was
by Carruth Lawrence, Kansas, time
[was] greatly aided the observations of others." stationed in at the
668 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 3(2)
made
of the publication of his Centennial Catalogue, and does not appear that he any excursions to the
it
when
he having west
western half of the state prior to 1881 (Carruth 1879, 1881), reported travelled as far
many
As
Barton County (Carruth 1881-1882). a consequence, of the taxa included in his floristic lists
as
of 1872, 1873, 1874, and 1877 were based on submissions contributed by a "corps of observers" (Carruth
Carruth incorporated into his reports of species provided by these observers, but he also received
1873). lists
and specimen was taken by
hundreds of specimens for determination, is likely that the first of A. carruthii
it
who
one of several collectors lived in or traveled through western Kansas in the 1870s.
voucher specimens by name, but did include
Carruth frequently failed to cite collectors of a station
most specimens, from which often possible deduce the donor. Unfortunately, the usual cita-
to
for is
it
who
Of had
tion of a place of collection is omitted for Artemisia carruthii. the individuals collected in the
western part of the prior publication, Carruth reported receiving specimens from areas within
state to
its
Mudge
from Benjamin Franklin (1817-1879)
the range of A. three individuals: the paleontologist
carruthii
with contributing specimens from W. Kansas" and "W. Kansas" (Carruth 1872, 1877);
credited
five "S.
is
Watson presumed
Louis Watson (1817-1894), medical doctor and cousin of Sereno (1826-1892), to
a is
have taken most not of the specimens Carruth recorded from Ellis, Ellis County (Carruth 1873, 1874,
all
if
many
and "400 500 each" (Carruth and Francis Huntington
1877) contributed species, often of 1877);
to
Snow (1840-1908), Professor of Natural History (and eventually Chancellor) at the University of Kansas,
among
and students were credited with specimens and observations from Russell County other stations
his
A
specimen from "L'Her" (Carruth 1877)
(Carruth 1874, 1877). single Ellis attributed to a collector cited as
Edwin
Alonzo Popenoe
presumed here be typographical (1853-1913), professor
to a error. Interestingly,
is
who and on whose
Kansas State Agricultural College, traveled throughout the western part of the state
at
authority Carruth (1877) credits stations in fourteen counties, seems to have contributed only reports of
but no specimens (Carruth 1873, 1874, 1877).
species,
when
own
Carruth herbarium was reputed be poorly maintained and disposed of he departed
to
's
&
been
Lawrence 1892 (McGregor Brooks and any material in existence have discarded
in 1982), likely to
is
that time. However, possible that he had deposited some specimens in one of several botanical in-
at is
it
stitutions in the In addition to serving as state botanist, Carruth held appointments as Professor of
state.
Washburn Topeka
Natural History Baker University in Baldwin City and as a lecturer at University in
at
&
may
some
(McGregor Brooks and he have deposited vouchers in the botanical collections of either
1982),
number specimens by Carruth, Snow, and Watson remains
In addition, a small of collected at
institution.
Watson
and few by Snow and Watson remain several specimens gathered by are
kanu, a collected ksc;
at
Alphonso Wood's herbarium and types were deposited ny sometime after his death in 1879
also gh. at
at
from herbarium has been other
although material his identified in institutions.
(Stafleu 1967),
was
Whatever the of Carruth holdings of Artemisia carruthii, appears that the material lost to
fate it
's
name
Kansas soon The seems have obscurity almost im-
students of the flora after publication. to fallen into
mediately Carruth departure from Kansas. was overlooked by authors of subsequent compilations
after
It
's
was Kellerman
and novelties the of the Artemisia carruthii not included in the treatments of
of, to, flora state.
among
Smyth excluded
and Kellerman (1888), (1889, 1892b), or Hitchcock (1899), or listed the 145 species
by Smyth (1890). Smyth (1892a, 1892b) cited A. wrightii A. Gray for several Kansas counties and later (1898)
suggested that A. kansana Britton "may be a form oiA.frigida" which he had previously cited (Smyth 1890,
no specimens
1892a, 1892b) stations outside the range of that species in Kansas. Indeed, early deposited
for
named
in kanu, ksc, or wash were determined by the collectors to be A. carruthii, these being variously A.
who
That Smyth, corresponded
rather
A.frigida Willd., A. kansana, or A. wrightii as late as 1931.
Torr.,
filifolia
had
extensively with Carruth, did not even discuss A. carruthii suggests that he not seen original material
in Kansas herbaria, particularly ksc and wash, which he was likely to have examined during the preparation
of his
floristic
lists.
who
was by Mackenzie
Artemisia carruthii resurrected for the Missouri flora (1902), listed A. kan-
first
name
no
sana synonym without comment. In the ensuing debate about the correct for this taxon, type
as a
669
Morse and of Artemisia
Reveal, Neotypification carruthii
seen— Brown
and
material was cited— most likely because was not by Rydberg (1910), Britton (1913), Hall
it
among
Keck were
and Clements Bush Gates or (1946). Notable these authors Britton
(1928), (1939),
(1923),
synonym
and Brown, whose listing of A. carruthii as only a questionable of A. kansana suggests that Britton
and Clements
had not seen material ny referable to A. carruthii at the time of publication. Hall discuss A.
at
—
but— Acknowledging
carruthii at length, unusual for these authors also do not cite a type specimen. that
name
A. carruthii was the earliest available for the element they recognized as a subspecies of A. vulgaris L.,
and Clements nevertheless chose employ Asa Gray's epithet in publishing the combination A.
Hall (1923) to
name commenting Gray
the "not well established" 82) that
vulgaris var. wrightii, citing earlier as (p 81), (p.
which he
from A. the publication of appar-
"did not intend establish a species distinct carruthii, earlier
to
ently overlooked." Results of biosystematic studies by Ray (1971) and Bol (1984) supported Keek's (1946)
name
and most and have accepted the
circumscription of A. carruthii, authors of recent floras checklists (e.g.
&
Welsh
Martin Hutchins 1981, Barkley 1991, Cronquist 1994, Jones et al. 1997, 2003, Kaul et al. 2006,
Voss Yatskievych 2006, Shultz 2006). However, none of these authors have resolved typification of
1996,
who
was by Ling having apparently based
the not accepted (1995), treated A. wrightii as priority,
species.
It
name.
on an error transcribing the publication date of the latter
Artemisia broadly distributed from the southwest Great Plains though the eastern part of the
carruthii
is
New
Great Basin, Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico (Shultz 2006), and is reported to be adventive
it
Welsh and
in Michigan (Voss 1996) and Missouri (Yatskievych 2006). (2003) Shultz (2006) reported that
name
by
important
A. carruthii intergrades with A. ludoviciana Nutt., so is to fix application of the select-
it
2007 and 2008
ing The senior author attempted in October January to locate original material of
a type.
A. carruthii for designation as a lectotype. Requests to identify specimens collected in Kansas in or before
m
and Holdings and
1880 were sent Baker University, fhksc, kstc, gh, ny, ph, at kanu, ksc,
to staff at isc,
mo examined on by
wash were examined by the senior author; holdings were the authors' behalf Craig
at
and seems
Freeman These searches proved unsuccessful, doubtful that original material
(Curator, kanu).
it
ICBN
below accordance with (McNeil
remains. Consequently, neotype designated in Art. 9.15 of et
a is al.
proposed by Keck and accepted by subsequent
Following taxonomic circumscription (1946)
2006). the
first
2"
we names synonymous
considered of A. designating "step
authors, also discuss the typification of carruthii,
and Greene, and 3" lectotype A. (discussed
lectotypes A. coloradensis Osterh. A. bakeri a "step for wrightii
for
and by Anderson
by McNeil
Ex.
[2006] in Art. [2007]).
et 8,
al. 9,
Wood L
Artemisia carruthii Alph. ex Carruth, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 5:51. 1877. Artemisia vulgaris var. carruthii
"
Wood UNITED STATES. Hamilton " "
(Alph. ex Carruth) EC. Gates, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 42:138. 1939. Type: Kansas. Co.:
Gray) S.E Blake, Washingtoi
wrightti (A.
J.
^^r^O^^c
kmy
W
900. Artemisia
rig
dbyKe
ck
[1946: 440] as "type,'
rm
pom,
sheets]).
e: ny, [2
bakeri Greene, Baker 3:3 1901. Artemisi imexic na Willd. ex Spreng. va
sia Pi. 1.
Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas
3(2)
Notes
Wright whereas and
Hall
Standley (1910) merely restricted application of Artemisia wrightii to the collection,
A
more would have been
Clements (1923) designated one of two specimens at ny as the "type." logical choice
We
one of the three sheets annotated by Gray at gh. hereby restrict the choice to a single sheet at ny.
Keck annotated a duplicate of Osterhout 2010 (171095) as the "type" perhaps because the original Oster-
word was by
hout specimen (170628), marked with a small, red, preprinted label with the "Type" not seen
we
rm
Keck in 1939. Because there were three sheets of Osterhout 2010 at prior to 1946, however, consider
he did not distinguish between the three sheets. should be
Keek's actions a step lectotypification as It
first
than
noted that Hall and Clements (1923) did not cite collection information of Artemisia coloradensis, other
by
remark "Type near Dale Creek, Larimer County, Colorado." This does not qualify
82) itself
to locality,
(p.
an
as effective lectotypification.
Hall and Clements (1923: 81) stated that the type of Artemisia bakeri "was collected by Greene in the
canyon Gunnison, near Cimmaron, Colorado. This has not been seen [by but the above notes are
of the us],
Gunnison
based upon specimens by Greene, namely, Black Canon, Watershed, Colorado, Baker
other cited
698 UC, As they did not indicate where the Greene specimen was to be sought, our second step
US)."
(Gr,
completes designation of the lectotype.
lectotypification their
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We
and
thank James Craig Freeman, and M. Shultz reviewing the manuscript providing
Leila for
Estes,
Tom
Eddy
Boyd
comments. Carolyn Beans Roger (Baker Alina Freire-Fierro
helpful (gh), University), (kstc),
Mark Rossow
Larson Deborah Lewis Mayfield Melissa
(ph), Barbara Hellenthal (nd), (rm), (isc), (ksc), (ny),
Jill
Mark on
Sweeney Thomasson and Allen Wetter supplied data the holdings
Patrick Joe (fhksc), (wis) at
(yu),
Boggan
Freeman examined John
Craig (kanu) holdings mo. In addition,
their respective institutions. at (us),
Carolyn Beans, Mark Mayfield, and Melissa Rossow kindly provided images of type specimens not already
through website. Lisa DeCesare (Botany Librairies, Harvard University) and Marie
available their institution's
New
between
Long York Garden) searched holdings correspondence Car-
(Mertz Library, Botanical their for
ruth and Wood. Ronald Hartman (rm) provided insights into the annotation history of Osterhout's types.
Vic Landrum provided both information about and access to the collection at wash. Curators of ksc, nd,
made
The was through an
and wash kindly provided specimen senior author's fieldwork possible
rm, loans.
anonymous McGregor Herbarium endowment.
contribution the
to
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