NCHRP 12-89 COPY NO. 1 of 16 RECOMMENDED AASHTO LRFD TUNNEL DESIGN AND ...

78 Pages·2016·1.17 MB·English

Project No.: NCHRP 12-89 COPY NO. 1 of 16
RECOMMENDED AASHTO LRFD TUNNEL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
SPECIFICATIONS
DRAFT FINAL REPORT
Prepared for
The National Corporative Highway Research Program
Transportation Research Board
of
The National Academies
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
PRIVILEGED DOCUMENT
This document, not released for publication, is furnished only for
review to members of or participants in the work of CRP. This
document is to be regarded as fully privileged, and dissemination of
the information included herein must be approved by CRP.
John Wisniewski
WSP | Parsons Brinkerhoff
Baltimore, MD
Andrzej (Andy) Nowak
Auburn University
Auburn, Alabama
Jeremy Hung
WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff
New York, NY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF SPONSORSHIP
This work was sponsored by one or more of the following as noted:
☒ American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, in cooperation
with the Federal Highway Administration, and was conducted in the National
Cooperative Highway Research Program,
☐ Federal Transit Administration and was conducted in the Transit Cooperative
Research Program,
☐ Federal Aviation Administration and was conducted in the Airport Cooperative
Research Program,
☐ Research and Innovative Technology Administration and was conducted in the National
Cooperative Freight Research Program,
☐ Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration and was conducted in the
Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program,
☐ Federal Railroad Administration and was conducted in the National Cooperative Rail
Research Program.
which is administered by the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies.
DISCLAIMER
This is an uncorrected draft as submitted by the Contractor. The opinions and conclusions
expressed or implied herein are those of the Contractor. They are not necessarily those of the
Transportation Research Board, The National Academies, or the program sponsors.
NCHRP 12-89 Draft Final Report June, 2016
NCHRP 12-89 Draft Final Report June, 2016
CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRACT
SUMMARY
CHAPTER 1 Introduction and Research Approach
A. Introduction
B. Organization
C. Contents of the LRFD Tunnel Specifications
CHAPTER 2 Phased Research Results Summary
A. Phase 1: Critical Review of Existing Information
1. U.S. and International Specifications and Standards
2. Reports and Research Papers
3. Tunnel Project Design Criteria
B. Phase 1: Identification of Knowledge Gaps
1. New and/or Modified LRFD Limit States
2. Loads, Load Combinations, and Load Factors
3. Resistance Factors
4. Criteria for Fire and Life Safety Considerations
5. Tunneling and Construction Technologies
6. Fire-Resistant Structural Design
7. Seismic Design and Mitigation Methodologies
8. Tunnel Systems and Security Requirements
C. Phase1: Detailed Specification Outline and Proposed Specification Section
D. Phase 2: Fully Developed Specification Section
E. Phases 3 & 4: Fully Developed Specifications and Implementation Plan
CHAPTER 3 Calibration
A. Introduction
B. Calibration Procedure
C. Load Models
D. Resistance Models
E. Reliability Analysis
F. Reliability Indices for Tunnels
G. Calibration Conclusions
CHAPTER 4 Conclusions and Suggested Research
A. Conclusions
B. Suggested Research
CHAPTER 5 References
NCHRP 12-89 Draft Final Report June, 2016
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
List of Figures
Figure 1 Load Components Considered in Calibration
Figure 2 PDF's of Load, Resistance and Safety Reserve. Nowak and Collins (2013)
Figure 3 Considered segments in the tunnel cross section
Figure 4 The reliability indices for moment and different values of resistance factor,
load factors from the FHWA Technical Manual
Figure 5 The reliability indices for shear and different values of resistance factor, with
load factors from the FHWA Technical Manual
Figure 6 The reliability indices for compression and different values of resistance
factor, with load factors from the FHWA Tunnel Manual
Figure 7 The reliability indices for moment and different values of resistance factor,
using the proposed load factors
Figure 8 The reliability indices for shear and different values of resistance factor, using
the proposed load factors
Figure 9 The reliability indices for compression and different values of resistance
factor, using the proposed load factors
Figure 10 Reliability Indices calculated for the load factors in the Tunnel Manual and
the proposed load factors, moment carrying capacity
Figure 11 Reliability Indices calculated for the load factors in the Tunnel Manual and the
proposed load factors, shear carrying capacity
Figure 12 Reliability Indices calculated for the load factors in the Tunnel Manual and
the proposed load factors, axial compression carrying capacity
List of Tables
Table 1 U.S. and International Standards Reviewed
Table 2 Load Factors as Determined by Calibration Process
Table 3 Statistical Parameters of Load Components
Statistical parameters of resistance based on the Nowak and Rakoczy (2012) for
Table 4 moment and shear carrying capacity and Monte Carlo simulation for axial load
carrying capacity.
Table 5 Probability of Failure vs.
Table 6 Dimensions of Selected Structures
(cid:2236)
NCHRP 12-89 Draft Final Report June, 2016
Table 7 Load Factors Specified in Tunnel Manual
Table 8 Reliability indices for the moment capacity based on the Technical Manual,
5
Table 9 Reliability indices for the moment capacity based on the Technical Manual,
(cid:2256) = (cid:2777).(cid:2786)
Table 10 Reliability indices for the moment capacity based on the Technical Manual,
(cid:2256) = (cid:2777).(cid:2786)(cid:2777)
Table 11 Reliability indices for the shear capacity based on the Technical Manual,
(cid:2256) = (cid:2777).(cid:2785)(cid:2782)
0
Table 12 Reliability indices for the shear capacity based on the Technical Manual,
(cid:2256) = (cid:2777).(cid:2786)
Table 13 Reliability indices for the shear capacity based on the Technical Manual,
(cid:2256) = (cid:2777).(cid:2785)(cid:2782)
Table 14 Reliability indices for the compression capacity based on the Technical
(cid:2256) = (cid:2777).(cid:2785)(cid:2777)
Manual
Table 15 Reliability indices for the compression capacity based on the Technical
(cid:2256) = (cid:2777).(cid:2785)(cid:2777)
Manual
Table 16 Reliability indices for the compression capacity based on the Technical
(cid:2766) = (cid:2777).(cid:2784)(cid:2782)
Manual
Table 17 Proposed Target Reliability
(cid:2256) = (cid:2777).(cid:2784)(cid:2777)
Table 18 Proposed New Load Factors
Table 19 Reliability indices for moment capacity based on the proposed load factors
Table 20 Reliability indices for moment capacity based on the proposed load factors
(cid:2766) = (cid:2777).(cid:2786)(cid:2782)
Table 21 Reliability indices for moment capacity based on the proposed load factors
(cid:2256) = (cid:2777).(cid:2786)(cid:2777)
Table 22 Reliability indices for shear capacity based on the proposed load factors,
(cid:2256) = (cid:2777).(cid:2785)(cid:2782)
Table 23 Reliability indices for shear capacity based on the proposed load factors,
(cid:2256) = (cid:2777).(cid:2786)(cid:2777)
Table 24 Reliability indices for shear capacity based on the proposed load factors,
(cid:2256) = (cid:2777).(cid:2785)(cid:2782)
(cid:2256) = (cid:2777).(cid:2785)(cid:2777)
NCHRP 12-89 Draft Final Report June, 2016
Table 25 Reliability indices for compression capacity based on the proposed load
factors
Table 26 Reliability indices for compression capacity based on the proposed load
(cid:2256) = (cid:2777).(cid:2785)(cid:2777)
factors
Table 27 Reliability indices for compression capacity based on the proposed load
(cid:2256) = (cid:2777).(cid:2784)(cid:2782)
factors
Table 28 Selected Target Reliability Indices and f factors
(cid:2256) = (cid:2777).(cid:2784)(cid:2777)
Table 29 Calibration Process Load Factors
Table 30 Average target reliability indices for load factors in the Tunnel Manual (Old)
and proposed load factors (Proposed)
NCHRP 12-89 Draft Final Report June, 2016
AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The research reported herein was performed under NCHRP Project 12-89 by WSP|Parsons
Brinckerhoff with subcontracting services being provided by Andrzej (Andy) Nowak of Auburn
University, Dennis Mertz of the University of Delaware, Youseff Hashash of the University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Remline Corporation.
The Principal Investigator on this project was John Wisniewski from WSP|Parsons
Brinckerhoff. The other authors of this report were Andrzej (Andy) Nowak and Jeremy Hung.
The following WSP|Parsons Brinckerhoff individuals made significant contributions to the
specifications developed as part of this research: Ismail Karatas, William Daley, Raymond
Castelli, Christina Ingerslev, Donna Roberts, and Hamidreza Rezaei.
ABSTRACT
This report documents and presents the methodology used to develop recommended Load and
Resistance Factor (LRFD) based tunnel design specifications. A literature search was performed
to review existing design codes and standards, project specific design criteria, reports, and
technical publications. Limited calibration of the load factors was performed based on results from
the analysis of a circular bored tunnel. A summary of the calibration procedure is presented in the
report. Future research to expand the specifications is provided. The design specifications are
not included in the report.
NCHRP 12-89 Draft Final Report June, 2016
NCHRP 12-89 Draft Final Report June, 2016
CHAPTER 1 9
Introduction and Research Approach
A. Introduction
The objective of this research was to develop stand-alone recommended design and
construction specifications for highway tunnel systems. In developing these specifications,
consideration was given to safety, operations, maintenance, and inspection of tunnel systems. The
intent of this research was to develop recommended design and construction specifications with
commentary in the format of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials’ (AASHTO) Load and Resistance Factor (LRFD) Bridge Design Specifications. The
resulting specifications focus on design requirements for tunnel civil elements and tunnel systems.
The specifications include civil design requirements for the following types of tunnels:
· Cut-and-Cover Tunnels
· Mined Tunnels
· Bored Tunnels
· Immersed Tunnels
The two Appendices are included with the specifications. Specification Appendix A provides
Planning and Routes Considerations that address the environmental process and how it applies to
tunnel projects. Specification Appendix B provides a list of recommended tunnel construction
specification sections for civil aspects of the tunnel. These are sections that are not included in the
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications.
The research goal was to develop recommended design specifications for submittal to
AASHTO for consideration to be adopted as guide specifications. This research was intended to
produce specifications that would provide the initial step towards codifying, in a single document,
tunnel design in the United States (U.S.). The recommended specifications are intended for use
by experienced tunnel designers. The recommended specifications are not intended to instruct
novice engineers with regard to tunnel design.
Herein, the termLRFD Tunnel Specifications refers to the LRFD draft specifications developed
as part of this project. Other AASHTO specification titles are referred to by the full title.
B. Organization
The project was divided into four phases that progressed sequentially. The phases of the
project are summarized below:
Phase I:
§ A critical review of existing specifications, technical literature, and pertinent tunnel
publications and reports. The research included both foreign and domestic sources.
§ Identification of knowledge gaps and an approach to fill these gaps.
§ A detailed outline of the recommended specifications.
§ A proposed sample specification section.
Phase II:
§ A fully developed sample specification section.
NCHRP 12-89 Draft Final Report June, 2016