Table Of ContentNANOTOXICITY
NANOTOXICITY
PREVENTION AND
ANTIBACTERIAL APPLICATIONS
OF NANOMATERIALS
Edited by
Susai Rajendran
PSNACollegeofEngineeringandTechnology,Dindigul,India
Anita Mukherjee
DepartmentofBotany,CentreofAdvancedStudy,UniversityofCalcutta,
Kolkata,India
Tuan Anh Nguyen
InstituteforTropicalTechnology,VietnamAcademyof
ScienceandTechnology,Hanoi,Vietnam
Chandraiah Godugu
DepartmentofRegulatoryToxicology,NationalInstituteofPharmaceutical
EducationandResearch(NIPER),Balanagar,India
Ritesh K. Shukla
SchoolofArts&Sciences,AhmedabadUniversity,Gujarat,India
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Contents
List of Contributors ix 3.5 Liposomes 62
Foreword xiii 3.6 Conclusion 63
3.7 Futuredirections 64
References 64
PART 1
4. Standard biological assays to estimate
Basic principles nanoparticle toxicity and
biodistribution 71
1. Nanoparticle(cid:1)physiological media
JuhiShah,StutiBhagatandSanjaySingh
interactions 3
R.Dorothy,N.Karthiga,S.SenthilKumaran,R.JosephRathish, 4.1 Introduction 71
SusaiRajendranandGurmeetSingh 4.2 Invitromethodsfordeterminationof
nanoparticletoxicity 72
1.1 Introduction 3
4.3 Invivobio-distributionandtoxicityof
1.2 Recentadvancesontheinteractionof
nanoparticles 85
nanoparticleswithbiologicalmedia 5
4.4 Conclusionandfutureaspects 96
References 18
Acknowledgments 96
Conflictofinterest 97
2. In vitro methods to assess the cellular References 97
toxicity of nanoparticles 21
KrupaKansaraandAshutoshKumar
PART 2
2.1 Introduction 21 Toxicity of nanomaterials
2.2 Materialsandmethods 23
2.3 Conclusion 38
5. Toxicity of metal oxide
Acknowledgments 38
nanoparticles 107
References 38
ThodhalYoganandhamSuman,Wei-GuoLiand
De-ShengPei
3. In vivo studies: toxicity and
biodistribution of nanocarriers in 5.1 Introduction 107
organisms 41 5.2 Metaloxidenanoparticles 107
5.3 Zincoxidenanoparticles 108
NivyaSharma,MohdAslamSaifi,ShashiBalaSinghand
5.4 IronOxide-basedmagneticnanoparticles 110
ChandraiahGodugu
5.5 TitaniumdioxideNanoparticles 112
Listofabbreviations 41 5.6 Copperoxidenanoparticles 114
3.1 Generaloverview 43 5.7 Toxicitymechanismofmetaloxide
3.2 Typesofnanocarriers 44 nanoparticles 115
3.3 Polymericmicelles 56 5.8 Conclusion 118
3.4 Dendrimers 57 Acknowledgments 118
v
vi CONTENTS
Conflictsofinterest 118 PART 3
References 119
Prevention of nanotoxicity
Furtherreading 122
6. Toxicity of silver and other 9. General methods for detection and
metallic nanoparticles 125 evaluation of nanotoxicity 195
T.Umasankareswari,GurmeetSingh,S.SanthanaPrabha, HaniNasserAbdelhamid
AbdulhameedAl-Hashem,S.SenthilKumaranand
SusaiRajendran 9.1 Introduction 195
9.2 Generalnanotoxicitymethods 196
6.1 Introduction 125 9.3 Mechanismofantibacterialactivities 198
6.2 Toxicityofsilvernanoparticles 126 9.4 Methodsfordetectionandevaluationof
6.3 Toxicityofgoldnanoparticles 128 nanotoxicity 198
6.4 Toxicityofcoppernanoparticles 132 9.5 Conclusionandoutlooks 208
6.5 Toxicityofironnanoparticles 136 Acknowledgment 209
6.6 Toxicityofzincnanoparticles 137 References 209
6.7 Conclusion 139
Acknowledgment 140
10. Safer-by-design for nanomaterials 215
References 140
L.Reijnders
7. Recent advances in the study of
10.1 Introduction 215
toxicity of polymer-based
10.2 Hazardandreleasereductionforengineered
nanomaterials 143 nanomaterialsinproductionand
A.SuriyaPrabha,R.Dorothy,S.Jancirani,SusaiRajendran, products 217
GurmeetSinghandS.SenthilKumaran 10.3 Reducingreleasestotheenvironmentfrom
nanomaterialproductionandprocessing
7.1 Introduction 143
facilities 217
7.2 Recentadvancesinthestudyoftoxicityof
10.4 Safer-by-designhazardreductionofengineered
polymericnanomaterials 144
inorganicandcarbonaceousnanomaterialsfor
7.3 Concludingremarks 163
organisms 218
References 163
10.5 Reducingreleasestotheenvironmentof
nanomaterialsfromrelativelylarge
8. Toxicity of polymeric
nanocompositesandproducts 224
nanomaterials 167 10.6 Reducinghazardsoffragmentsreleasedfrom
nanocomposites 227
YubinLi,ShaofeiWangandDianwenJu
10.7 Conclusions 228
8.1 Introduction 167 References 228
8.2 Classificationofpolymeric
nanomaterials 168
8.3 Invitrotoxicityofpolymeric PART 4
nanomaterials 172
Antibacterial activity of nanomaterials
8.4 Invivotoxicityofpolymeric
nanomaterials 174
11. Antibacterial activity of metal oxide
8.5 Mechanismsofpolymericnanomaterials-
inducedtoxicity 179 nanoparticles 241
Acknowledgments 185
VojislavStanic´andSladjanaB.Tanaskovic´
Conflictofinterest 186
References 186 11.1 Introduction 241
CONTENTS vii
11.2 EffectivephysicochemicalpropertiesofMO- 13.6 Nanoparticlecharacteristicsandtheir
NPsonantibacterialactivity 242 influenceonantimicrobialactivity 292
11.3 Antibacterialactivityofmagnesiumoxideand 13.7 Metaloxide-basedantibacterial
calciumoxidenanoparticles 250 membrane 293
11.4 Antibacterialactivityofaluminumoxide 13.8 Antibacterialfunctionsofmulti-metaloxide
nanoparticles 253 nanoparticles 294
11.5 Antibacterialactivityofsilveroxide 13.9 Magneticbio-metaloxide-
nanoparticles 254 magnetosome 296
11.6 Antibacterialactivityofcopperoxide 13.10 ToxicityconcernsofMO-NPsas
nanoparticles 255 antimicrobialagents 297
11.7 Antibacterialactivityofzincoxide 13.11 Conclusions,challenges,andfuture
nanoparticles 258 perspectives 298
11.8 Antibacterialactivityofironoxide References 299
nanoparticles 261
11.9 Antibacterialactivityoftitaniumoxide 14. Antimicrobial properties of carbon
nanoparticles 263 quantum dots 301
Acknowledgements 266
TheodorosChatzimitakosandConstantineStalikas
References 266
14.1 Introduction 301
12. Antibacterial activity of platinum
14.2 Antibacterialpropertiesofcarbon
nanoparticles 275 nanodots 302
14.3 Conclusion 313
SusaiRajendran,S.SanthanaPrabha,R.JosephRathish,Gurmeet
SinghandAbdulhameedAl-Hashem References 313
12.1 Platinumnanoparticles 275
12.2 Antibacterialactivity 275 PART 5
12.3 Antibioticsandantimicrobial
Emerging antibacterial and antifungal
compounds 276
12.4 Determinationofthemicrobial applications
activity 276
12.5 Recenttrendsintheantibacterialactivityof 15. Applications of nanotechnology in
platinumnanoparticles 276
agry-food productions 319
References 280
J.L.Castro-Mayorga,L.Cabrera-Villamizar,J.Balcucho-Escalante,
M.J.FabraandA.Lo´pez-Rubio
13. Antibacterial property of metal
oxide-based nanomaterials 283 15.1 Introduction 319
15.2 Nanoencapsulationtechniquesappliedtofood
MdAbdusSubhan
andagriculture 320
13.1 Introduction 283 15.3 Nanosensorsinfoodandagriculture 328
13.2 Mechanismofantimicrobialresistance 285 15.4 Nanotechnologyappliedtoenvironmental
13.3 MethodstoevaluateMO-NPsantibacterial remediation 331
efficiency 285 15.5 Manufactureofprotectiveclothesforfarm
13.4 Antimicrobialeffectofmetalandmetal workers 332
oxidenanoparticles 287 15.6 Conclusionandoutlooks 333
13.5 Modeofantimicrobialactionbymetaland References 333
metaloxidesnanoparticles 288 Furtherreading 340
viii CONTENTS
16. Nanoparticle applications in 18.6 Somecommercializedproductsandtheir
sustainable agriculture, poultry, and food: information 377
18.7 Currentstatusoftechnologytransfer,scaleup,
trends and perspective 341
andchallenges 378
N.ChandraMohana,P.R.Mithun,H.C.YashavanthaRao, Acknowledgment 379
C.MahendraandS.Satish
References 379
16.1 Introduction 341
19. Nanomaterials for antifungal
16.2 Nanoparticleapplicationsinagriculture 342
16.3 Nanoparticleapplicationsinpoultry 347 applications 385
16.4 Nanoparticleapplicationsinfood 347
K.Kavitha,N.Vijaya,A.Krishnaveni,M.Arthanareeswari,Susai
16.5 Nano-biosensorssustainableagriculture, Rajendran,AbdulhameedAl-HashemandA.Subramania
poultry,andfood 348
16.6 Regulatoryaspectsofnanotechnologyin 19.1 Introduction 385
agriculture,poultry,andfood 348 19.2 Recenttrendsinthestudyofantifungal
16.7 Conclusionandfutureperspectives 350 activitiesofnanoparticles 387
Conflictsofinterest 351 References 397
References 351
20. Antibacterial nanocoatings 399
17. Antibacterial nanocomposite MajidMontazerandTinaHarifi
coatings 355
20.1 Introduction 399
TienVietVu,VanThangNguyen,PhuongNguyen-Tri,TheHuu
20.2 Novelandsmartantibacterialnanocoating
Nguyen,ThienVuongNguyenandTuanAnhNguyen
approaches 400
17.1 Introduction 355 20.3 Applicationsofantibacterial
17.2 Inorganicnanocompositecoating 356 nanocoatings 403
17.3 Organicnanocompositecoating 357 20.4 Safetyandtoxicologicalissues 409
17.4 Environmentalbenefitsandimpactsof 20.5 Conclusion 410
antibacterialnanocompositecoatings 360 References 411
References 360 Furtherreading 413
18. Antimicrobial nanomaterials for water 21. Emerging antibacterial and antifungal
disinfection 365 applications of nanomaterials on food
products 415
NidhiVerma,SachinVaidh,GajendraSinghVishwakarmaand
AlokPandya DılhunKerimanArserim-Uc¸arandBurcuC¸abuk
18.1 Introduction 365 21.1 Introduction 415
18.2 Significanceofnanotechnology 366 21.2 Organicnanomaterialapplications 417
18.3 Antibacterialmetaloxidesandmetal 21.3 InorganicNanomaterialApplications 435
nanoparticles 367 21.4 Conclusion 439
18.4 Mechanismsfornanoparticle-mediated References 440
microbialdisinfection 373 Furtherreading 453
18.5 Advancedtechnologiesfornanoparticle-based
waterdisinfection 375
Index 455
List of Contributors
Hani Nasser Abdelhamid Advanced Multifunctional Materials Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry,Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Abdulhameed Al-Hashem Petroleum Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific
Research,Safat,Kuwait
Dılhun Keriman Arserim-Uc¸ar Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering
andArchitecture, Bingo¨lUniversity, Bingo¨l, Turkey
M. Arthanareeswari PG and Research Department of Chemistry, SRM University,
Chennai, India
J. Balcucho-Escalante Nanobiotechnology and Applied Microbiology Research Group
(NANOBIOT), University of the Andes, Bogota´, Colombia
Stuti Bhagat Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences,
Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
L. Cabrera-Villamizar Nanobiotechnology and Applied Microbiology Research Group
(NANOBIOT), University of the Andes, Bogota´, Colombia
Burcu C¸abuk Gastronomy and Culinary Arts Department, Arts and Design Faculty,
AlanyaHamdullah Emin Pas¸a University, Antalya, Turkey
J.L. Castro-Mayorga Nanobiotechnology and Applied Microbiology Research Group
(NANOBIOT), University of the Andes, Bogota´, Colombia
Theodoros Chatzimitakos Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry, University ofIoannina, Ioannina451 10, Greece
R.Dorothy Department of EEE, AMET University, Chennai, India
M.J. Fabra Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and
Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
Chandraiah Godugu Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of
Pharmaceutical Education and Research(NIPER), Hyderabad, India
Tina Harifi Department of Textile Engineering, Functional Fibrous Structures &
Environmental Enhancement (FFSEE), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran,
Iran
S. Jancirani PG and Research Department of Chemistry, MVM Government College for
Women,Dindigul,India
Dianwen Ju Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy; The Key
Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan
University, Shanghai, P. R. China
Krupa Kansara Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences,
Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India
ix
x
LISTOFCONTRIBUTORS
N. Karthiga Department of Chemistry,SBM College of Engineering, Dindigul, India
K. Kavitha PG and ResearchDepartment ofChemistry,NationalCollege, Trichy, India
A. Krishnaveni Department of Chemistry,Yadava College,Madurai, India
Ashutosh Kumar Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences,
Ahmedabad University,Ahmedabad, India
S. Senthil Kumaran School ofMechanical Engineering, VIT University,Vellore, India
Wei-Guo Li College of Life Science,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang, P.R. China
Yubin Li Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical
University, Chongqing, P. R. China; Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Corporal
Michael J.Crescenz VAMedical Center, Philadelphia, PA,United States
A. Lo´pez-Rubio Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry
and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
C. Mahendra Department of Studies inBotany,Universityof Mysore, Mysore, India
P.R.Mithun ElexesMedical ConsultingPvt Ltd.,Bengaluru, India
N. Chandra Mohana Microbial Drugs Laboratory, Department of Studies in
Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
Majid Montazer Department of Textile Engineering, Functional Fibrous Structures &
Environmental Enhancement (FFSEE), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran,
Iran
The Huu Nguyen Faculty of Chemical Technology, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi,
Vietnam
Thien Vuong Nguyen Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science
and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
Tuan Anh Nguyen Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and
Technology,Hanoi,Vietnam
Van Thang Nguyen Faculty of Chemical Technology, Hanoi University of Industry,
Hanoi,Vietnam
Phuong Nguyen-Tri Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC,
Canada
Alok Pandya Department of Physical Science, Institute of Advanced Research,
Gandhinagar, India
De-Sheng Pei College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, P.R. China;
Chongqing Institute of Greenand Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Chongqing, P.R. China
S. Santhana Prabha PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul,India
Susai Rajendran Corrosion Research Centre, St Antony’s College of Arts and Sciences
for Women, Amala Annai Nagar, Dindigul, India; PSNA College of Engineering and
Technology, Dindigul, India; Corrosion Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, St
Antony’s College of Arts and Sciences for Women, Dindigul, India; Department of
Chemistry, St. Antony’s College ofArtsand Sciencesfor Women, Dindigul, India