Moving Out of Poverty (Volume 1): Cross-disciplinary Perspectives on Mobility (Stand Alones)

394 Pages·2007·1.22 MB·English

by  Deepa Narayan

Deepa Narayan Patti Petesch
and , editors
Out of
Cross-Disciplinary
Perspectives
on Mobility

MOVING OUT OF POVERTY, VOLUME 1
Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives
on Mobility

Moving

Out of
Poverty

VOLUME 1
Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives
on Mobility
Deepa Narayan and Patti Petesch, editors
A COPUBLICATION OF PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
AND THE WORLD BANK
© 2007 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
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ISBN : 978-0-8213-6991-3 (softcover)
ISBN : 978-0-8213-7111-4 (hardcover)
eISBN : 978-0-8213-6992-0 (softcover)
DOI : 10.1596/978-0-8213-6991-3
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Contents
Foreword ix
Preface xi
Acronyms xiii
Contributors xv
1 Agency, Opportunity Structure, and Poverty Escapes 1
Deepa Narayan and Patti Petesch
2 Poverty and the Politics of Exclusion 45
Charles Tilly
3 Moving On, Staying Behind, Getting Lost:
Lessons on Poverty Mobility from Longitudinal Data 77
Stefan Dercon and Joseph S. Shapiro
4 Intragenerational Income Mobility:
Poverty Dynamics in Industrial Societies 127
Brian Nolan and Robert Erikson
5 Escaping Poverty and Becoming Poor in Three States of India,
with Additional Evidence from Kenya, Uganda, and Peru 165
Anirudh Krishna
6 Poverty, Caste, and Migration in South India 199
T. Scarlett Epstein
7 Elusive Pathways Out of Poverty: Intra- and Intergenerational
Mobility in the Favelas of Rio de Janeiro 227
Janice E. Perlman
8 Resisting Extreme Poverty:
Learning from Families in Burkina Faso and Peru 273
Xavier Godinot, Claude Heyberger, Patricia Heyberger,
Marco Ugarte, and Rosario Ugarte
9 Moving Away from Poverty:
Migrant Remittances, Livelihoods, and Development 307
Anthony L. Hall
10 Migration, Remittances, and Ethnic Identity:
The Experience of Guatemalan Maya in the United States 333
Shelton H. Davis
v
vi Contents
Tables
3.1 Proportion of Households That Are Always, Sometimes,
or Never Poor 82
3.2 Estimates of Poverty Movements in Transition Matrices percent 84
3.3 Household Characteristics by Poverty Transition in Ethiopia 86
3.4 Linear Regression: Explaining Changes in Consumption in Ethiopia 88
3.5 Estimated Determinants of Escaping or Falling into Poverty
from Selected Studies 90
3.6 Attrition Rates for Different Follow-up Methods for Selected Panel
Data Surveys 98
3.7 Attrition in Selected Panel Surveys 99
3.8 Poverty and Spatial Mobility in Kagera, Tanzania: Comparing the
Poverty Head Count between 1991 and 2004 by Initial Locality 107
3.A Duration of Panel Surveys Used in Recent Research 110
3.B Datasets Used in Recent Research 111
4.1 Percentage Remaining in Bottom Income Group Over Five Years,
Alternative Approaches, Selected EU Countries and
United States, 1990s 146
4.2 Alternative Cross-sectional Poverty Measures, Ireland, 1994–2000 148
4.A Poverty Rates, Exit Rates, and Poverty Persistence in the European
Union, Canada, and the United States, 1993–95, 50 Percent
Threshold 152
4.B Poverty Persistence in the European Union, Canada, and the
United States, 1993–95, 60 Percent Threshold 153
4.C Income Poverty Dynamics in the European Union, 1993–97 153
4.D Poverty Rates and Poverty Persistence in Germany, the United
Kingdom, Canada, and the United States over Six or Eight Years 154
4.E Income Mobility in Sweden 1992–98, for Men and Women
Born 1940–61 155
4.F Income Mobility in Sweden 1992–98, for Men and Women
Born 1920–39 157
4.G Income Mobility in Sweden 1967–2000, for Men and Women
Born 1916–37 158
5.1 Stages of Progress and the Poverty Cutoff in Three States of India 170
5.2 Stage of Progress Recalled Versus Assets Actually Possessed Seven
Years Earlier in 61 Communities of Rajasthan, India 174
5.3 Poverty Trends in Villages of Three States of India 176
5.4 Divergent Poverty Trends at the Local Level in Six Indian Villages 177
5.5 Reasons for Falling into Poverty in Three States of India 180
5.6 Reasons for Escaping Poverty in Three States of India 183
7.1 Location of Original Interviewees and Their Descendants
in 2001 237
Contents vii
7.2 Improvements over Time and Generations 240
7.3 Perceptions of Progress toward a Good Life 251
7.4 Intra- and Intergenerational Transmission of SES 256
7.5 Emergent Themes from Life Narratives 257
Figures
1.1 Overview of the Conceptual Framework 15
2.1 A Crude Typology of Escapes from Poverty 68
4.1 Poverty Rates, Exit Rates, and Poverty Persistence in the European
Union, Canada, and the United States, 1993–95 131
4.2 Income Poverty Dynamics in Three European Union
Countries, 1993–97 133
4.3 Poverty Rates and Poverty Persistence in Germany, the United
Kingdom, Canada, and the United States over Eight Years 136
4.4 Persistence of Poverty among Poor, Sweden, 1991–2000 143
4.5 Rate and Persistence of Poverty by Sex and Social Class,
Sweden, 1991–2000 144
4.6 Persistence of Poverty among Working-Class Persons by Social
Origin, 145
6.1 Rural-Urban Partnership Linkages 220
7.1 TSES of Children Whose Parents Stayed in a Favela 238
7.2 Income Returns to Education for Favela Dwellers and Others 242
7.3 OI Children’s Views on Most Important Factor for a Successful Life 242
7.4 Reported Experiences of Violent Crime 244
7.5 Participation in Community Organizations, 1969 and 2001 245
7.6 Sources of Stigma: Perceptions of Three Generations 247
7.7 Analytical Framework for Successful Outcomes 249
7.8 Optimism about the Future 253
7.9 Virtuous Cycle: Two-Way Positive Correlations 254
9.1 Worker Remittance Flows to Latin America and the Caribbean, 2004 309
9.2 Remittances to Selected Latin American and Caribbean
Countries, 2005 310
9.3 Effect of Remittances on Community Income 326
Boxes
1.1 The Family as a Unit of Analysis 8
1.2 Campaigning for Institutional Change 21
2.1 Crucial Assets and Capabilities of Poor People 46
2.2 Historically Prominent Inequality-Generating Resources 61
2.3 An All-Purpose Questionnaire for Analyzing Escapes from Poverty 63
viii Contents
8.1 ATD Fourth World 275
9.1 Hometown Associations Assist Zacatecas, Mexico 319
9.2 Financing for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises through
Formal Financial Intermediaries 321
Case Studies
Shivagowda, a Wangala Peasant 214
Shivaram, a Dalena Peasant 217
Putta, a Scheduled Caste Person from Wangala 218
Ramana, a Scheduled Caste Person from Dalena 222