Table Of ContentSpringer Natural Hazards
Sebastiano D'Amico Editor
Moment
Tensor
Solutions
A Useful Tool for Seismotectonics
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’
Sebastiano D Amico
Editor
Moment Tensor Solutions
A Useful Tool for Seismotectonics
123
Editor
SebastianoD’Amico
Department ofGeosciences
University of Malta,Msida Campus
Msida
Malta
ISSN 2365-0656 ISSN 2365-0664 (electronic)
SpringerNatural Hazards
ISBN978-3-319-77358-2 ISBN978-3-319-77359-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77359-9
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Preface
Inthelastdecades,theuseofwaveformsrecordedatlocal-to-regionaldistanceshas
increasedconsiderablyandwaveform modelingislargelyusedtoestimatefaulting
parameters, evaluate stress and strain patterns as well as contribute to the under-
standing of regional and local tectonic feature and seismotectonic settings. It also
has implications for seismic verification efforts. Moment tensors provide a general
theoretical framework to describe seismic sources and this is not restricted to
earthquake sources, but covers also other types of seismic sources such as explo-
sions,implosions,rockfalls,landslides,aswellasrupturesdrivenbyfluidandgas
injections. Moment tensors have the potential to complement more traditional
source parameter estimations (e.g., magnitude or focal solutions from first motion
polarities). Modeling regional seismograms for constraining moment tensors is
widelyacceptedandlargelydocumentedbyextensiveliterature.Modelingregional
waveforms also provide a good constraint in accurately determining source
mechanism, magnitude, and depth. Thus, the understanding of reliable determina-
tion seismic source and of its uncertainty can play a key role in contributing to
geodynamic investigation, seismic hazard assessment, and earthquake studies.
Waveform modeling has been used also to estimate faulting parameters of
small-to-moderate-sized earthquakes. The present book focuses both on the
explanation of the basic theory and methods about moment tensor solutions and
their role in the modern seismology. Some chapters are devoted to investigate
uncertainties in the final solution, while others are written with the main goal of
collecting state-of-the-art papers related to different seismotectonic settings in
several areas of the planet.
Theultimategoalofthebookistoencouragediscussionsandfutureresearchin
theseismotectonicfield.Inaddition,itwillservebothasaninstructionalbookand
platform to disseminate state-of-the-art research and results in the field.
This volume cannot be considered as a textbook, but surely it can be used at
undergraduate and graduate level.
Msida, Malta Sebastiano D’Amico
v
Acknowledgements
I am grateful to all the authors for their close cooperation while preparing their
contributions.Ialsogladlyacknowledgeallthereferees, belongingtoanumberof
research institutions located worldwide. Their careful reading and constructive
suggestions contribute to the standard of the final versions of each manuscript
collected in this book. A special thank goes to Johanna Schwarz, Claudia
Mannsperger,andalltheeditorialstafffortheirprofessionalassistanceandtechnical
supportduring theentirepublishing process.
Msida, Malta Sebastiano D’Amico
vii
Contents
ISOLA Code for Multiple-Point Source Modeling—Review . . . . . . . . . 1
Jiří Zahradník and Efthimios Sokos
Seismic Moment Tensors in Anisotropic Media: A Review . . . . . . . . . . 29
Václav Vavryčuk
The Frequency-Domain Moment-Tensor Inversion: Retrieving
the Complete Source Moment-Tensor Spectra and Time Histories . . . . 55
Xiaoning Yang, Brian W. Stump and Mason D. Macphail
Berkeley Seismic Moment Tensor Method, Uncertainty Analysis,
and Study of Non-double-couple Seismic Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Douglas S. Dreger
Estimating Stability and Resolution of Waveform Inversion Focal
Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
S. Scolaro, C. Totaro, D. Presti, Sebastiano D’Amico, G. Neri
and B. Orecchio
The Method of Cataclastic Analysis of Discontinuous
Displacements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Yu. L. Rebetsky and A. Yu. Polets
Challenges in Regional Moment Tensor Resolution and
Interpretation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Simone Cesca and Sebastian Heimann
The Role of Moment Tensors in the Characterization of Hydraulic
Stimulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Ismael Vera Rodriguez, James Rutledge and Sergey Stanchits
Constrained Moment Tensors: Source Models and Case Studies . . . . . . 213
Jan Šílený
ix
x Contents
Seismic Deformation Derived from Moment Tensor Summation:
Application Along the Hellenic Trench. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Anastasia Kiratzi, Christoforos Benetatos and Filippos Vallianatos
Estimation of Empirical Green’s Tensor Spatial Derivative Elements:
APreliminaryStudyUsingStrongMotionRecordsinSouthernFukui
Prefecture, Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Michihiro Ohori
Retrieval of the Seismic Moment Tensor from Joint Measurements
of Translational and Rotational Ground Motions: Sparse Networks
and Single Stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Stefanie Donner, Heiner Igel, Céline Hadziioannou and the Romy group
Overview of Moment Tensor Analysis in New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
John Ristau
Applications of Moment Tensor Solutions to the Assessment of
Earthquake Hazard in Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
J. F. Cassidy, H. Kao, John Ristau and A. Bent
Intraplate Earthquakes in Europe—Source Parameters from
Regional Moment Tensor Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Jochen Braunmiller
SourceCharacteristicsoftheJanuary8,2013(M =5.7)andMay24,
W
2014 (M = 6.8) North Aegean Earthquakes Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
W
Doğan Kalafat, Kıvanç Kekovalı and Ali Pınar
Investigating the Focal Mechanisms of the August 4th, 2003, Mw
7.6, South Orkney Islands Earthquake and its Aftershocks
Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
M. P. Plasencia Linares, M. Guidarelli, M. Russi and G. F. Panza
Waveform Modelling of 2009 Bhutan Earthquake of Magnitude
6.1 (Mw) Using Local Network Data of North East India . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Santanu Baruah and Midusmita Boruah
Resolving the Tectonic Stress by the Inversion of Earthquake Focal
Mechanisms. Application in the Region of Greece. A Tutorial. . . . . . . . 405
Ioannis G. Kassaras and Vasilis Kapetanidis
Relative Locations of Clustered Earthquakes in the Sea of
Marmara and States of Local Stresses in the East of the Central
Marmara Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
Yasemin Korkusuz Öztürk and Nurcan Meral Özel
Focal Mechanisms of Earthquakes and Stress Field of the Earth
Crust in Azerbaijan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
G. J. Yetirmishli and S. E. Kazimova
Contents xi
Seismotectonic Crustal Strains of the Mongol-Baikal Seismic Belt
from Seismological Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
Alena Seredkina and Valentina Melnikova
The Stress State of Seismic Areas of the Central and East Asia. . . . . . . 519
Yu. L. Rebetsky, A. Yu. Polets, O. A. Kuchay and N. A. Sycheva
The Significance of Crustal Velocity Model in Moment Tensor
Solutions: A Case Study of Yedisu Earthquakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
Fatih Turhan, Musavver Didem Cambaz and Jiří Zahradník
An Overview of the Seismicity and Tectonics of the Black Sea . . . . . . . 573
Doğan Kalafat
CoulombStressChangesintheAreaofDecember2013–January2014
Sannio-Matese Seismic Sequence (Southern Italy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
Santanu Baruah and Sebastiano D’Amico
Active Faulting in the Earth’s Crust of the Baikal Rift System Based
on the Earthquake Focal Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
Vladimir A. Sankov and Anna A. Dobrynina
Quaternary Stress Field and Faulting in the Western Part of the
Catanzaro Trough (Calabria, Southern Italy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619
F. Brutto, F. Muto, M. F. Loreto, Sebastiano D’Amico, N. De Paola,
V. Tripodi and S. Critelli
A Seismogenic Zone Model for Seismic Hazard Studies in
Northwestern Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
J. A. Peláez, J. Henares, M. Hamdache and C. Sanz de Galdeano
A Trial Modeling of Perturbed Repeating Earthquakes Combined
by Mathematical Statics, Numerical Modeling and Seismological
Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
Keisuke Ariyoshi, Shunichi Nomura, Naoki Uchida
and Toshihiro Igarashi
Getting Started with GMT: An Introduction for Seismologists . . . . . . . 691
Matthew R. Agius
Devices for a Rotational Ground Motion Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725
Leszek R. Jaroszewicz and Anna Kurzych
