Table Of ContentTextbooks in Contemporary Dentistry
Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres Editor
Modern
Operative
Dentistry
Principles for Clinical Practice
Textbooks in Contemporary Dentistry
This textbook series presents the most recent advances in all fields of dentistry, with the aim of bridging the gap
between basic science and clinical practice. It will equip readers with an excellent knowledge of how to provide
optimal care reflecting current understanding and utilizing the latest materials and techniques. Each volume is
written by internationally respected experts in the field who ensure that information is conveyed in a concise,
consistent, and readily intelligible manner with the aid of a wealth of informative illustrations.
Textbooks in Contemporary Dentistry
will be especially valuable for advanced students, practitioners in the early stages of their career, and university
instructors.
More information about this series at http://www.s pringer.c om/series/14362
Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
Editor
Modern Operative
Dentistry
Principles for Clinical Practice
Editor
Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
Institute of Science and Technology
São Paulo State University – UNESP
São Paulo, Brazil
The Work is based on a Portuguese language edition that has been first published in 2013 by Santos
Editora, São Paulo with the following title: Odontologia Restauradora Estética e Funcional: Princípios para a
Prática Clínica
ISSN 2524-4612 ISSN 2524-4620 (electronic)
Textbooks in Contemporary Dentistry
ISBN 978-3-030-31771-3 ISBN 978-3-030-31772-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31772-0
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
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V
To my wife, Adriana Cristina de Mello Torres, and to my daughter, Letícia de Mello Torres, who participated on
my daily battle to finish this work, being always by my side, giving me support at all moments and strength to
persevere.
To my parents, Alfredo Gomes Torres Filho (in memoriam) and Josepha Rocha Gomes Torres, who always
motivated me to study, to work, and to never give up. You were always an example to be followed.
To my sister, Sonia Rocha Gomes Torres, the person who introduced me the dentistry and inspired me to
follow this path, which brought me lots of satisfaction and professional fulfillment. Thank you for your support
on many important moments of my life.
Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
Foreword
The discipline of Operative Dentistry on São José This book, edited by Prof. Carlos Rocha Gomes
dos Campos Dental School was created in 1973 Torres and contributors, comes to improve the
and is now more than 45 years. During this time, available dental literature, adding new points of
its growth and consolidation are evident, which view, with chapters correlating important dental
resulted from the hard work of its pioneers, who specialties. Some chapters talk about classic topics
with different personal characteristics, on hard like cariology, diagnosis, prevention, instruments
times and with rudimentary technology, were able and equipment, restorative techniques with differ-
to conduct and improve it. In relation to that, it is ent materials, and dental hypersensitivity, besides
important to highlight the names of these distin- principles of ergonomics, so essential to the clini-
guished professors: Newton José Giachetti, Delcio cal practice. The content is based on a vast litera-
Pasin, José Benedicto de Mello, and João Cândido ture and the experience of the professors. The
de Carvalho. chapters are illustrated with schematic drawings
and pictures of the clinical cases, allowing the
Many difficulties were overcome, but the lemma of readers a better understanding about the tech-
the discipline has always been the dedication to niques and procedures described on the text.
the students, offering them quality of knowledge,
modern approaches, and evidence based on the I consider that this book assembles valuable infor-
dental research results. Other differential from the mation for the dentists. It represents the compe-
discipline, which prevails until today, is the respect tent work from a group of professors from the
and harmony among professors and staff, main- Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos
taining a pleasant and favorable environment. Campos, School of Dentistry, that with great care
Since 1992, the discipline has a postgraduation share their knowledge.
program in Restorative Dentistry, which has
already prepared hundreds of masters and doctors Before ending, I would like to mention part of a
who now occupy important positions in Brazilian poem from Dom Helder Camara that says:
and international universities. To write the fore-
word of this book, created by the current profes- »
More important than gain roads, cross seas or
sors of the Operative Dentistry discipline, makes
reach supersonic speed, it is important to
me very proud, because it is an example of great
open yourself to the others, discover them
professional work.
and go toward their direction.
Maria Amélia Máximo de Araujo
Full Professor of Operative Dentistry
Institute of Science and Technology,
São Paulo State University – UNESP,
São Paulo, Brazil
VII
Preface
Perhaps, the work of an educator is one that can The diagnosis of different dental problems is pre-
bring more satisfaction to a human being. The sented, teaching how to create an accurate treat-
opportunity to transmit what we have learned to ment plan for the patients. The cariology is
many people, who will use that information discussed, in a way to give the reader a broad
throughout their lives, makes us feel that we are knowledge about the etiology of caries disease, as
doing something meaningful. Since the begin- well the invasive and noninvasive treatment indi-
ning of my career as a university professor, I tried cation. The dentist must keep in mind that success
to improve the assimilation of knowledge by the in Operative Dentistry is only possible if associ-
students, using different strategies in several ated with the preventive dentistry. In other words,
ways, to teach specific subjects of dentistry, some the restorations should be considered part of the
of which are extremely complex. Despite the con- caries disease treatment and not the treatment by
tent of my lectures, at the end, I was frequently itself.
asked by the students the same question: “Profes-
sor, which book should I use to study that sub- The ergonomics principles for dentistry were
ject?” However, the topics and content presented added, because it is on the Operative Dentistry
in a lecture come from many different sources, discipline that students start to practice dental
such as those we learned from our own profes- treatments and should learn how to sit and work in
sors, from several books and papers we read, and a healthy way. Lack of information at this moment
even from our own professional experiences. can lead to acquisition of deleterious habits, which
Therefore, the answer to that question was always will negatively affect the dentist´s health. The non-
very hard. That inspired me to start creating this carious-related tooth sensitivity, mainly dentin
book. hypersensitivity and cracked tooth syndrome,
were also approached, trying to help the dentists
On my everyday professional life, I have the oppor- on the difficult diagnosis of those conditions.
tunity to follow students from their first contact
with Operative Dentistry discipline. It is necessary This book would not be possible without the part-
to transmit them from basic knowledge about nership of many colleagues, professors, and experts
nomenclature of cavities and principles of tooth from the Institute of Science and Technology of
preparation to the most advanced information, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) and from
such as aesthetics analyses and restorative tech- other 19 dental schools around the world, of 13
niques. The idea of this book is to offer, in a single different countries, who joined the project and
place, all the basic information necessary for a stu- make it possible.
dent, which is starting his studies about Dentistry
to perform different types of direct dental restora- With the support of all, several years of intensive
tions. The content of this book also aims to help work, awaken nights, and extra work on weekends
the clinicians who desire to update their knowl- and holidays, the book was concluded. I hope that
edge, improving the quality of the treatments they it can contribute for the professional life of all
perform. readers.
Carlo Rocha Gomes Torres
São Jose dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
Acknowledgments
To the Institute of Science and Technology of São To the patients of Operative Dentistry Clinic, who
Paulo State University (UNESP) at São José dos kindly permitted to use those pictures obtained
Campos City, which welcomed me with open arms during their treatment in this book.
and gave me all the opportunities and support to
obtain my bachelor and PhD degrees. To the contributors from other universities, Doctors
Ali Ibrahim Abdalla (University of Tanta, Egypt),
To the current and retired professors of São José Ana Carolina Botta (Stony Brook School of Dental
dos Campos School of Dentistry, who throughout Medicine, USA), Andrea Baldi (University of Turin,
the years, with hard work and a lot of devotion, Italy), Anna Greta Barbe (University of Cologne,
created and developed this renowned school that I Germany), Ana Raquel Benetti (University of
am honored to belong and always with willingness Copenhagen, Denmark), Annette Wiegand (Uni-
transmitted their knowledge for hundreds of stu- versity of Göttingen, Germany), Anuradha Prakki
dents graduated as dentists. (University of Toronto, Canada), Azam Bakhshan-
deh (University of Copenhagen, Denmark), Deepak
To the secretary and technicians of the Restor- Mehta (V. S. Dental College & Hospital, India), Edo-
ative Dentistry Department, Rosângela da Silva ardo Alberto Vergano (University of Turin, Italy),
de Melo, Liliane Marques Franchitto, Fernanda Eliel Soares Orenha (Sao Paulo University, Brazil),
Maria de Brito Cunha and Josiana Maria Alves Falk Schwendicke (Charité University Berlin, Ger-
Carneiro, for their daily support on my profes- many), Graziela Ribeiro Batista (A.T. Still University,
sional activities. USA), Jukka Pekka Matinlinna (University of Hong
Kong), Michael J. Noack (University of Cologne,
To my colleagues’ professors of Operative Den- Germany), Michael J. Wicht (University of Cologne,
tistry, Sergio Eduardo de Paiva Goncalves, Maria Germany), Nadine Schlueter (University of Freiburg,
Filomena Rocha Lima Huhtala, José Roberto Germany), Nicola Scotti (University of Turin, Italy),
Rodrigues, Cesar Rogério Pucci, Clóvis Pagani, Pekka Vallittu (University of Turku, Finland), Rayssa
Claudio Hideki Kubo, Taciana Marco Ferraz Ferreira Zanatta (University of Taubate, Brazil),
Caneppele, Karen Cristina Kazue Yui, and Edu- Satoshi Imazato (University of Osaka, Japan), Shan-
ardo Bresciani, for the constant support during the kargouda Patil (Jazan University, Saudi Arabia),
years dedicated to the preparation of this book. Shilpa H. Bhandi (Jazan University, Saudi Arabia),
and Thomas Attin (University of Zurich, Switzer-
To my colleague’s professor, Alessandra Buhler land), experts on their field, who shared their knowl-
Borges, whose support and encouragement were edge to improve the different chapters.
essential to conclude this book.
To Professor Rayssa Ferreira Zanatta for her out-
To the retired professors of Operative Dentistry, standing work on the bibliography organization of
Newton José Giachetti, Delcio Pasin (in memo- all chapters.
riam), José Benedicto de Mello, João Candido de
Carvalho, Regina Célia dos Santos Pinto Silva, and To Professor Shankargouda Patil for his inestima-
Rosehelene Marotta Araújo. I hope that this book ble partnership and support, since the first idea of
is consistent with the legacy left by you. translating and publishing this book into the Eng-
lish language.
To the librarians of the Institute of Science and
Technology for their support to this work, spe- To Professor Maria Amelia Maximo de Araujo,
cially to Maria das Dores Nogueira, who was who inspired me to become a professor and was
always willing to help me, since my days as under- my advisor during undergraduate and postgradu-
graduate student. ate training. Without her presence in my life, I
certainly would not be a professor and have the
To our former undergraduate and graduate stu- privilege to teach others what I learned. Thanks for
dents, who contributed to obtain some pictures the friendship and support during all these years.
used in many chapter´s illustration.
IX
Contents
1 Diagnosis and Treatment Planning.......................................................... 1
Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres, Anna Greta Barbe, Michael Johannes Noack, and Michael Jochen Wicht
2 Ergonomics Principles Applied to the Dental Clinic........................................ 43
Karen Cristina Kazue Yui, Cristiani Siqueira Barbosa Lencioni, Eliel Soares Orenha,
and Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
3 Cariology ...................................................................................... 77
Taciana Marco Ferraz Caneppele, Alessandra Bühler Borges, Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres,
José Roberto Rodrigues, and Thomas Attin
4 Instruments and Equipments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Sergio Eduardo de Paiva Gonçalves, Cesar Rogério Pucci, Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres,
and Anuradha Prakki
5 Nomenclature and Classification of Cavities and Tooth Preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres and Ana Carolina Botta
6 General Principles of Tooth Preparation and Carious Tissue Removal.................... 183
Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres and Falk Schwendicke
7 Isolation of the Operating Field ............................................................. 223
Alessandra Bühler Borges, Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres, Ana Raquel Benetti,
and Azam Bakhshandeh
8 Matrix and Wedge Systems .................................................................. 261
Cesar Rogério Pucci, Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres, and Ali Ibrahim Abdalla
9 Protection of the Dentin-Pulp Complex..................................................... 289
Adriana Cristina de Mello Torres, Ana Paula Martins Gomes, Claudio Hideki Kubo,
and Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
10 Tooth Preparations for Amalgam Restorations............................................. 335
Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres and Deepak Mehta
11 Amalgam Restorations ....................................................................... 373
Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres, Shankargouda Patil, and Graziela Ribeiro Batista
12 Extensive Amalgam Restorations ........................................................... 411
Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres, Shilpa Hanamaraddi Bhandi, and João Cândido de Carvalho
13 Light-Curing Units ............................................................................ 435
Nicola Scotti, Andrea Baldi, Edoardo Alberto Vergano, Claudio Hideki Kubo,
and Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
14 Composite Restoration on Anterior Teeth .................................................. 465
Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres and Rayssa Ferreira Zanatta
15 Composite Restoration on Posterior Teeth ................................................. 577
Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres, Marcelo Balsamo, and Satoshi Imazato
