Modern Agriculture and the Environment: Proceedings of an International Conference, held in Rehovot, Israel, 2–6 October 1994, under the auspices of the Faculty of Agriculture, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem

628 Pages·1997·48.79 MB·English

by  John E. Casida

MODERN AGRICULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences
Volume 71
This volume is dedicated to the late David Rosen, Professor of Entomology at the
Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences of the Hebrew
University of Jerusalem. Prof. Rosen, who passed away on January 8, 1997 after a
prolonged illness, was an internationally renowned authority on biological and
integrated control of insect pests.
David was born in Tel Aviv on April 20, 1936. Mter completing his academic
training at the Faculty of Agriculture of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, he joined
the faculty as a lecturer in 1967, rapidly rising through the academic ranks to be
appointed full professor in 1978. His years on the faculty were marked by tireless
activity for the promotion of a biological approach to insect pest management. His
many and varied research projects encompassed both his own area of expertise, the
systematics of parasitic hymenoptera, and numerous related fields in collaboration
with experts throughout the world.
As an outstanding teacher, David shared his vast knowledge and his personal views
with countless students, and many of those who completed graduate studies under his
guidance are today at the forefront of plant protection in Israel. He was also a prolific
writer, authoring or co-authoring some 200 research papers and book chapters, and
authoring or editing 9 books during his scientific career.
David's cheerful optimism, his sense of humor, and his personal and professional
integrity impressed all those who knew him. With his untimely death, his many
colleagues, students and friends will miss his inspiration, his leadership, and his warm
personality.
David was deeply involved in the organization of the First International Conference
on Modern Agriculture and the Environment. In spite of his illness, he invested a
tremendous amount of time and energy to make this book a high quality contribution
to our understanding and advancement of environmental quality. This volume is
dedicated to his memory.
Yona Chen, Elish Tel-Or and Yithak Hadar
Modem Agriculture
and the Environment
Proceedings of an International Conference,
held in Rehovot, Israel, 2-6 October 1994,
under the auspices of the Faculty of Agriculture,
the Hebrew University of Jerusalern
Edited by
DAVID ROSEN
Professor of Entomology
ELISHA TEL-OR
Professor of Botany
YITZHAK HADAR
Professor of Microbiology
YONACHEN
Professor of Soll Science and Dean
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot 76100, Israel
"
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 978-94-010-6279-4 ISBN 978-94-011-5418-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-5418-5
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1997
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without prior permission from the copyright owner.
Hartnolls Limited, Bodmin, Comwall
Contents
Preface Xl
Organizing Committee; International Advisory Board; Sponsors xiii
List of Contributors xv
SECTION I: TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTALLY ACCEPTABLE
PEST MANAGEMENT
1. Safer and more effective insecticides for the future 3
John E. Cas ida and Gary B. Quistad
2. From Homo economicus to Homo ecologicus: towards
environmentally safe pest control 17
J. C. van Lenteren
3. Classical biological control: an environmental boon or bane? 33
David Rosen
4. Soil disinfestation: environmental problems and solutions 41
Jaacov Katan
5. Minimizing environmental damage originating from pesticide
utilization: abiotic photochemical control and remediation 47
Nicola Senesi and Elisabetta Loffredo
6. Neem, eco-friendly, !PM-compatible plant-derived bioinsecticide:
some new findings 75
K.R.S. Ascher
7. Utilization of scorpion insecticidal neurotoxins and
baculoviruses for the design of novel selective biopesticides 81
Michael Gurevitz, Noam Zilberberg, Oren Fray, Daniel Urbach,
Eliahu Zlotkin, Bruce D. Hammock, Rafael Herrmann,
Haim Moskowitz and Nor Chejanovsky
v
vi Contents
8. Nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria as BTi toxin genes delivery system
- a biotechnological approach to control malaria mosquitoes 97
Sammy Boussiba, Wu Xiaoqiang and Arieh Zaritsky
9. Structure-function analysis of PBANIMRCH: a basis for
antagonist design 111
Miriam Altstein, Ezra Dunkelblum, Yoav Gazit, Orna Ben Aziz,
Tal Gabay, Zvi Vogel and Jacob Barg
10. Estimation of metolachlor volatilization from agricultural
fields using a micro meteorological approach 119
J.H. Prueger, J.L. Hatfield and T.J. Sauer
11. Titanium dioxide photocatalysis for the treatment of contaminated
waters 127
Lea Muszkat
SECTION II: FERTILISERS IN AGROECOSYSTEMS
12. Site-oriented ecosystem management: precondition to reducing
the contamination of waters and the atmosphere 135
R.E. Hantschel and F. Beese
13. Minimising surface and ground-water pollution from fertiliser
application 147
Paolo Sequi and Roberto Indiati
14. Considerations in fertiliser application to prevent ground-water
contamination 159
U. Kajkafi
15. Application of controlled release fertilisers in the Florida citrus industry 173
J.J. Ferguson and F.S. Davies
SECTION ill: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF AQUACULTURE
16. Aquaculture and the environment: change and challenge 183
James F. Muir
17. Biological removal of inorganic nitrogen and organic matter
in closed, intensive fish culture systems 197
Jaap van Rijn
18. Ultrastructure and cellular activity of fish skin in metal-polluted water 215
Y. Iger, M. Abraham, E. Kimmel and S.E. Wendelaar Bonga
Contents vii
SECTION IV: MODELLING OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION
19. Modelling pesticide transport in porous media 231
R.J. Wagenet, P.M. Tillotson and l.L. Hutson
20. Comparative ecosystem research as a basis for agro-ecological
modelling 247
O. Franzle
21. Application of EPIC within an integrated modelling system
to evaluate soil erosion in the Canadian Prairies 269
R.C. Izaurralde, P. W. Gassman, A. Bouzaher, l. Tajek,
P. G. Laksminarayan, l. Dumanski and l.R. Kiniry
22. A model to predict the release rate of nitrogen from
polymer-coated urea 287
Mingchu Zhang, M. Nyborg and R. C. Izaurralde
SECTION V: WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND IRRIGATION
23. Sewage sludge: land utilisation and the environment:
toxic organic considerations 299
G.A. O'Connor
24. New technologies for disinfection of domestic effluents for
agricultural reuse 309
A. Acher, E. Fischer and Y. Manor
25. Effects of irrigation with secondary sewage effluent on
the transport of soil-borne pesticides 317
Ellen R. Graber
26. Early detection of irrigation environmental risks using monitoring
manholes: a case study of the Southern Ukraine 323
M. Zilberbrand
27. Use of wastewater from livestock farms for irrigation
in Yugoslavia 329
l. Milivojevic, M. Ljesevic and M. Nedic
SECTION VI: RECYCLING OF MUNICIPAL AND
AGRICULTURAL WASTES
28. Composting and recycling of organic wastes 341
Yona Chen, Yossi Inbar, Benny CheJetz and Yitzhak Hadar
viii Contents
29. Impacts of compost quality on plant disease severity 363
H.A.J. Hoitink, M.E. Grebus and A.G. Stone
30. Suppressiveness of municipal solid waste composts to plant
diseases induced by soilborne pathogens 373
e. e.
Serra-Wittling, Alabouvette, S. Houot and F. Rouxel
31. On the agronomic use of municipal solid waste compost:
principles and applications 383
Yoram Avnimelech and Maika Kochva
32. Chemical and electron spin resonance properties of municipal
solid waste composts 395
J. Drozd, A. Jezierski and Y. Chen
33. Variations with pedoclimatic conditions of an anaerobically
digested liquid sewage sludge C mineralisation and its
N-N03- availability 401
S. Houot, L Cadot and V. Gnanalingam
34. Solid waste management in Israel 413
Yossi lnbar, llan Nissim and Dekel Amir-Shapira
SECTION VII: POLLUTION BY IlEAV Y METALS
35. Biofiltration of heavy metals by the aquatic fern Azolla 431
Elisha Tel-Or, Moti Sela and Shaul Ravid
36. Modelling the mobilising effect of olive mill wastewater
on heavy metals adsorbed by a soil 443
L Madrid and E. Dfaz-Barrientos
37. Soil microbial biomass as marker of heavy metal
contamination and bioavailability 449
e.
L Leita, G. Muhlbachova, Mondini, L. Marchiol
and M. DeNobili
38. Copper and lead species in soil and their uptake by plants when
applied as carbonates 459
Anna Chlopecka
39. Levels of copper, zinc and manganese in the vineyard soils
of Dao wine region - Portugal 469
R.S. Dias and J.e. Soveral-Dias
Contents ix
SECTION VIII: BIOREMEDIATION
40. Bioremediation in agriculture: dream or reality? 481
y. Henis
41. Microbial transformation of pesticides in agricultural soil 491
D. Levanon
42, Biological atrazine destruction mediated by bacteria 501
Raphi T. Mandelbaum, Nir Shafir and Larissa Kautzki
43. Removal of lead from aqueous solutions by a Brevibacterium
strain 523
V. Andreoni, M. Colombo, D. Di Simine, C. Finoli, G. Origgi,
A. Vecchio and R. Carzaniga
44. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by white rot fungi 535
M. Wolter, F. Zadrazil, R. Martens and M. Bahadir
45. Potential utilisation of phenoloxidases immobilised in organic
gels for decontamination of polluted sites 545
C. Crecchio, P. Ruggiero, M.D.R. Pizzigallo and M. Curci
SECTION IX: ECONOMIC AND POLICY ASPECTS OF
NATURAL RESOURCES
46. Economics and sustainable development 555
David Zilberman
47. Homogeneity and heterogeneity of bio-resources in economic
models 567
Eithan Hochman and Eyal Brill
48. Problems and prospects in the political economy of trans-boundary
water issues 583
Richard E. Just, John K. Horowitz and Sinaia Netanyahu
49. Australian decentralised water allocation 613
Norman J. Dudley
50. The practical impact of ecological chemical principles 625
F. Korte
51. Reuse of effluent: Israel as a model 633
R. Laster
Preface
This volume comprises the proceedings of the First International Rehovot
Conference on Modem Agriculture and the Environment, held at the Rehovot
Campus of the Faculty of Agriculture, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel,
2-6 October 1994. The conference, first in a series intended to be convened in
Rehovot at 4-5 year intervals to address various aspects of the interaction of
agriculture and the environment, was initiated, organised and carried out under
the auspices of the Faculty of Agriculture, the leading academic institution in
agricultural and environmental studies in Israel. It featured four keynote addresses,
39 invited lectures, 40 submitted papers, and 62 posters. Of these, 51 articles, written
by 122 contributing authors from 14 countries, were selected by the editors to be
presented in this book.
All through the twentieth century, and especially ever since the advent of the Green
Revolution, modem agriCUlture has been striving to feed and clothe the ever
increasing multitudes of the human species through improved technology, relying
heavily on tremendous inputs of fertilisers, pesticides, and various other
agrochemicals. Undoubtedly, this has been a great blessing to mankind, and
enormous strides have indeed been made in the never-ending struggle against
starvation, but these have been achieved at a very steep price of increased
environmental deterioration. In fact, modem agriculture has become one of the
major factors contributing to the degradation of the world's fragile biosphere. This
has been manifested in mounting rates of soil, water and air pollution, increased
emission of greenhouse gases, depletion of the ozone layer in the stratosphere,
accumulation of manure and other solid wastes, excessive exploitation of forests and
open lands, elimination of the natural habitats of many plants and animals, an almost
unprecedented mass extinction of living species, and an alarming destruction of
biodiversity. Obviously, this should not be allowed to go on. Urgent steps have to be
taken, on a national and regional as well as on a global level, to stop, avoid and
mitigate these detrimental processes.
This is what this book is all about. It is divided into nine sections, addressing
various problems of, and suggested solutions to, the complex interaction between
modem agriculture and the environment. Section I is devoted to chemical pesticides,
means to reduce their utilisation, and some of the main alternatives to their overuse
n
and misuse in pest management; Section deals with chemical fertilisers and how
to minimise pollution caused by them; Section ill addresses some of the
environmental aspects of aquaculture; Section IV presents approaches to the
modelling of agricultural pollution; Section V covers the treatment of wastewater
and its utilisation in irrigation; Section VI deals with the recycling of municipal and
xi