Table Of ContentMind/Body Integration
Essential Readings
in Biofeedback
Mind/Body Integration
Essential Readings
in Biofeedback
Edited by
Erik Peper
San Francisco State University
San Francisco, California
Sonia Ancoli
University of California
San Francisco, California
and
Michele Quinn
Psychophysiological Treatment Center
Oxnard, California
PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Mind/body integration.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
I. Biofeedback training. 2. Psychotherapy. 3. Medicine, Psychosomatic. I. Peper,
Erik. II. Ancoli, Sonia. III. Quinn, Michele, [DNLM: I. Biofeedback (psychology)
2. Electroencephalography. 3. Electromyography. WLl03 M663)
BF319.5.B5M55 615.851 78-27224
ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-2900-8 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-2898-8
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2898-8
First Printing-June 1979
Second Printing - October 1981
Third Printing-January 1983
© 1979 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1979
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
Acknowledg me nts
The editors would like to thank the following copyright holders for permission to reprint previously published
articles in this volume.
A merican Association for the Advancement of Science
Control and training of individual motor units, by J. V. Basmajian [pp. 371-375], originally published in Science,
1963, 141, 440--441.
American Medical Association
Clinical applications of biofeedback training: A review of evidence, by E. B. Blanchard and L. D. Young [pp.
77-110], originally published in Archives oiGeneral Psychiatry, 1974,30,573-589.
Control of states of consciousness. II, Attainment through external feedback augmenting control of psychophysio
logical variables, by K. Gaarder [pp. 47-56], originally published in Archives of General Psychiatry, 1971,25,
436-441.
Behavioral Engineering
Belief in biofeedback for the control of short-term stress, by J. D. Gibb, E. Stephan, and C. E. T. Rohm [pp.
223-227], originally published in Behavioral Engineering, 1975,2(3),80-83.
Behavioral Science
Dysponesis: A neurophysiological factor in functional disorders, by G. B. What more and D. R. Kohli [pp.
379-410], originally published in Behavioral Science, 1968, 13(2), 102-124.
Biofeedback and Self-Regulation
Detection of EEG abnormalities with feedback stimulation, by T. Mulholland and F. Benson [pp 299-312], origi
nally published in 1976,1(1),47-61.
Facts vs. myths in EMG biofeedback, by J. V. Basmajian [pp. 377-378], originally published in 1976, 1(4),
369-371.
Feedback-aided self-regulation of skin temperature with a single feedback locus, by E. Taub and C. S. Emurian
[pp. 469-487], originally published in 1976,1(2), 147168.
Biofeedback Society of California
Standard specifications for the description of biofeedback instruments, by H. Toomim, S. L. Schandler, T. H.
Spiegel, J. A. Freeman, and W. Elder [pp. 261-267], originally published in Handbook of the Biofeedback Society
of California. San Francisco: Biofeedback Society of California, 1976. Pp. 105-111.
A bioelectric glossary, by H. Toomim, S. L. Schandler, T. H. Spiegel, J. A. Freeman, and W. Elder [pp.
269-273], originally published in Handbook of the Biofeedback Society of California. San Francisco: Biofeedback
Society of California, 1976. Pp. 112-116.
Biofeedback Technology Inc.
The possible uses of biofeedback in education, by E. Peper [pp. 111-117], originally published in Journal of
Biofeedback, 1976,3(2).13-19.
BioMonitoring Applications
EMG biofeedback in physical therapy, by C. K. Fernando [pp. 453-464], originally published in C. K. Fernando,
How to use EMG biofeedback in physical therapy. New York: BMA Audio Cassette #1"32,1976.
Brain Information Service, UCLA
Autoregulation of the EEG alpha rhythm: A program for the study of consciousness, by J. Kamiya [pp. 289-297],
originally published in M. H. Chase (Ed.), Operant control of brain activity (Perspectives in the brain sciences,
Vol. 2). Berkeley, California: Brain Information Service, UCLA, 1974. Pp. 227-236.
California Dental Association
The use of biofeedback devices in the treatement of bruxism, by W. K. Solberg and J. Rugh [pp. 553-556], origi
nally published in Journal of the Southern California Dental Association, 1972,40, 852-853.
Division of Psychotherapy, American Psychological Association
GSR biofeedback in psychotherapy: Some clinical observations, by M. K. Toomim and H. Toomim [pp.
513-521], originally published in Psychotherapy: Theory, research and practice, 1975, 11( I), 33-38.
v
vi Acknowledgments
Epilepsia
Effects of central cortical EEG feedback training on incidence of poorly controlled seizures, by M. B. Sterman
and L. R. Macdonald [pp. 347-362). originally published in Epilepsia, 1978, 19. 207-222.
Grune & Stratton. Inc.
Biofeedback treatment in medicine and psychiatry: An ultimate placebo? by C. F. Strebel and B. C. Glueck [pp.
207-222), originally published in Seminars in Psychiatry. 1973,5(4).379-392.
Psychosomatic self-regulation of migraine headaches, by J. Sargent. E. D. Walters, and E. E. Green [pp.
493-506). originally published in Seminars in Psychiatry, 1973,5(4),415-428.
Harper & Row
Autogenic training. by W. Luthe [pp. 167-186). taken in part from About the methods of autogenic therapy, by
W. Luthe and S. R. Blumberger. originally published in E. D. Willkower and H. Wames (Eds.). The psychoso
matic approach in medical practice. New York: Harper & Row. 1977. Pp. 146-163.
The Lancet
12-Month follow-up of yoga and biofeedback in the management of hypertension. by C. Patel [pp. 529-533). origi
nally published in Lancet, 1975, 1,62-65.
Randomized controlled trial of yoga and biofeedback in management of hypertension, by C. Patel and W. North
[pp. 535-540). originally published in Lancet. 1973.2.93-95.
The New England Journal of Medicine
Operant conditioning of rectosphincteric responses in the treatment of fecal incontinence, by B. T. Engel.
P. Nikoomanesh. and M. M. Schuster [pp. 545-55\), originally published in The New England Journal of
Medicine. 1974.290.646-649.
Plenum Publishing Corporation
Biofeedback and physiological patteming in human emotion and consciousness. by G. Schwartz [pp. 57-67). origi
nally published in J. Beatty and H. Legewie (Eds.). Biofeedback and behavior. New York: Plenum, 1977. Pp.
293-306.
Cultivated low arousal-an antistress response? by J. Stoyva and T. Budzynski [pp. 411-433), originally
published in L. Y. OiCara (Ed.). Limbic system and autonomic nervous system research. New York: Plenum,
1974. Pp. 369-394.
Prentice-Hall,Inc.
Learned control of physiological function and disease, by D. Shapiro and R. S. Surwit [pp. 7-461. originally
published in H. Leitenberg (Ed.). Handbook of behavior modification and behavior therapy. Englewood Cliffs.
New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Inc., 1976. Pp. 74-123.
Scoll. Foresman & Co.
Passive attention: The gateway to consciousness and autonomic control, by E. Peper [pp. 119-1241. originally
published in P. G. Zimbardo and F. L. Ruch (Eds.), Psychology and life. Glenview. lIIinois: Scott, Foresman &
Co .• 1977. Pp. 7A-7D.
Springer-Verlag
Feedback regulation of the alpha electroencephalogram activity through control of the internal and external
parameters. by E. Peper [pp. 313-3241. originally published in Kybernetik, 1970.7.107-112.
Tektronix, Inc.
Blood pressure, by P. Strong [pp. 527-528). originally published in P. Strong. Biophysical meO/Jurements.
Beaverton, Oregon: Tektronix. Inc .• 1971. Pp. 100-\01.
Electrodes. by P. Strong [pp. 253-259). originally published in P. Strong. Biophysical meO/Jurements. Beaverton.
Oregon: Tektronix. Inc .• 1971. Pp. 219-227.
Electroencephalography. by P. Strong [pp. 283-287). originally published in P. Strong. Biophysical meO/Jurements.
Beaverton. Oregon: Tektronix. Inc .• 1971. Pp. 131-137.
Galvanic skin reflex. by P. Strong [pp. 509-512). originally published in P. Strong. Biophysical meO/Jurements.
Beaverton, Oregon: Tektronix. Inc., 1971. Pp. 197-199.
Muscle action and the sensory system, by P. Strong [pp. 367-370), originally published in P. Strong, Biophysical
meO/Jurements. Beaverton, Oregon: Tektronix. Inc., 1971. Pp. 31-35.
Acknowledgments vii
The University of Chicago
Problems in biofeedback training: An experiential analogy-urination, by E. Peper [pp. 69-75], originally published
in Perspectives in biology and medicine, 1976,19(3),404-412.
The Williams & Wilkins Company
Biofeedback equipment (Chapter 12), by K. Gaarder and P. Montgomery [pp. 241-251], originally published in
K. Gaarder and P. Montgomery, Clinical biofeedback: A procedural manual. Baltimore, Maryland: Williams &
Wilkins Co., 1977. Pp. 193-204.
On the mechanisms of the feedback control of human brain wave activity, by J. J. Lynch and D. A. Paskewitz [pp.
325-340], originally published in Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1971,153,205-217.
Contributors
Sonia Ancoli, Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of
California, San Francisco, California 94143
John V. Basmajian, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, and Ched
oke Hospitals, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Rene Beck, Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, San
Francisco, California 94134
Frank Benson, Neurobehavior Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center,
Boston, Massachusetts 02130
Edward B. Blanchard, Department of Psychology, State University of New York
at Albany, Albany, New York 12222
Charles Burgar, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science
Center, San Antonio, Texas 78284
Thomas Budzynski, Biofeedback Institute of Denver, Englewood, Colorado
80111
Dona Culver, Biofeedback Clinic, Student Health Service, University of Colo
rado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
W. Elder, Biofeedback Research Institute, Los Angeles, California 90048
Cleeve S. Em urian, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
Bernard T. Engel. Laboratory of Behavioral Sciences. National Institute on
Aging, Baltimore City Hospitals, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, and Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
C. K. Fernando, Physical Therapy Department, Schwab Rehabilitation Hospital,
and Mount Sinai Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60608
J. A. Freeman, Autogenic Systems Inc., Berkeley, California 94710
Kenneth Gaarder, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute of Aging,
Baltimore City Hospitals, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
J. Douglas Gibb, Department of Speech and Dramatic Arts, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602
Bernard C. Glueck, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut 06106
Alyce M. Green, Biofeedback Center, Research Department, The Menninger
Foundation, Topeka, Kansas 66601
Elmer E. Green, Biofeedback Center, Research Department, The Menninger
Foundation, Topeka, Kansas 66601
ix
x Contributors
Judith Green, Biofeedback Consultant, Aims Biofeedback Institute, Aims Com
munity College, Greeley, Colorado 80631
Elmer Grossman, Private Practice, Berkeley Pediatric Medical Group, Berkeley,
California 94709
Joe Kamiya, Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California,
San Francisco, California 94143
Daniel R. Kohli, Pacific Northwest Research Foundation, and Private Practice
(Internal Medicine and Functional Disorders), Medical-Dental Building,
Seattle, Washington 98101
David Low, Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, California 94025
Wolfgang Luthe, Medical Centre, Montreal, Canada
James J. Lynch, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of
Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
L. R. Macdonald, Veterans Administration Hospital, Sepulveda, California
91343, and Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, University of
California, Los Angeles, California 90024
Penny Montgomery, Department of PsychiatryJDivision of Psychology,
University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78284
Thomas Mulholland, Veterans Administration Hospital, Bedford, Massachusetts
Parviz Nikoomanesh, Baltimore City Hospitals, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, and
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
W. R. S. North, MRC Department of Epidemiology, Northwick Park Hospital,
Harrow, Middlesex, England
Leon S. Otis, Departments of Psychobiology and Physiology, Stanford Research
Institute, Menlo Park, California 94025
David A. Paskewitz, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School
of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Chandra Patel, General Practitioner, Croyden, Surrey, England. Present affilia
tion: Senior Research Fellow, Department of Epidemiology and Medical
Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of
London, London WC I, England
Dale M. Patterson, Center for Self-Regulation and Biofeedback, Carrier Clinic
Foundation, Belle Mead, New Jersey 08502
Kenneth R. Pelletier, Department of Psychiatry, University of California School
of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94143
Erik Peper, Center for Interdisciplinary Science, San Francisco State University,
San Francisco, California 94134
Michele Quinn, Psychophysiological Treatment Center, Oxnard, California
93030
C. E. Tapie Rohm, Jr., College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio State University,
Athens, Ohio 45701
John D. Rugh, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Texas Health
Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78284
Contributors xi
Joseph D. Sargent, Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Internal
Medicine, The Menninger Foundation, Topeka, Kansa-s 66601
S. L. Schandler, Department of Psychology, Chapman College, Orange,
California 92666, and Human Physiology Research, Veterans Administra
tion Medical Center, Sepulveda, California 91343
Carol Schneider, Biofeedback Clinic, Student Health Service, University of Colo
rado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
Marvin M. Schuster, Division of Digestive Diseases, Baltimore City Hospitals,
Baltimore, Maryland 21224, and Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
Gary E. Schwartz, Department of Psychology, Yale University, and Department
of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
06520
Stephen Shambaugh, Human Development and Aging Program, University of
California, San Francisco, Berkeley, California 94143
David Shapiro, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles,
California 90024
Barbara Silverberg, Autogenic Systems, Inc., Berkeley, California 947 \0
William K. Solberg, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles,
California 90024
T. H. Spiegel, Biofeedback Program, Ross-Loos Group, Los Angeles, California
90026
Eric Stephan, Communications Department, Interpersonal and Organizational
Division, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
M. B. Sterman, Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, University of
California, Los Angeles, California 90024, and Neuropsychology Research,
Veterans Administration Medical Center, Sepulveda, California 91343
Johann Stoyva, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Medical
Center, Denver, Colorado 80262
Charles F. Stroebel, Psychophysiology Clinic and Laboratories, Institute of Liv
ing, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, and Department of Psychiatry, University
of Connecticut Health Center and Medical School, Storrs, Connecticut
06268
P. Strong, Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton, Oregon 97077
Richard S. Surwit, Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center,
Durham, North Carolina 277 \0
Barbara Tandy, Institute for Research in Social Behavior, Oakland, California
94612
Edward Taub, Institute for Behavioral Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
Marjorie K. Toomim, Biofeedback Institute of Los Angeles, Los Angeles,
California 90048
Hershel Toomim, Biofeedback Research Institute, Los Angeles, California 90048
Ann Turner, Psychiatrist, Palo Alto, California 94301
xii Contributors
E. Dale Walters, Biofeedback Center, Research Department, The Menninger
Foundation, Topeka, Kansas 66601
George B. Whatmore, Pacific Northwest Research Foundation, and Private
Practice (Internal Medicine and Functional Disorders), Medical-Dental
Building, Seattle, Washington 9810 I
Larry D. Young, Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi,
University, Mississippi 38677
