MIND THE BODY: an exploration of bodily self -awareness

278 Pages·2018·1.797 MB·English

by  Vignemont, Frederique

Mind the Body

Mind the Body
An Exploration of Bodily
Self-Awareness
Frédérique de Vignemont
1
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Contents
Acknowledgements ix
ListofFigures xi
ListofTables xiii
Introduction 1
TheMindintheBody 2
TheBodyintheMind 4
GeneralOutline 9
Part I. Body Snatchers
1. WhoseBody? 13
1.1. APhenomenalContrast 14
1.1.1. TheRubberHandIllusion 15
1.1.2. ASenseofDisownership 18
1.2. ACognitiveInterpretation 23
1.2.1. WhatCognitiveState? 23
1.2.2. BodilyKnowledgewithoutObservation 27
1.2.3. BeyondMyness 29
1.3. Conclusion 30
2. OverandAboveBodilySensations 32
2.1. TheSole-ObjectView 32
2.2. ThePuzzleofTools 35
2.2.1. ReferredSensationsinTools 35
2.2.2. ASpecialStatusforPain? 39
2.3. ThePuzzleofDisownership 40
2.4. AFeelingofPresence 44
2.5. Conclusion 46
3. TheImmunityoftheSenseofOwnership 49
3.1. BodilyImmunityfromtheInside 50
3.1.1. FalseNegative:Somatoparaphrenia 52
3.1.2. FalsePositive:theRHI 53
3.1.3. FalsePositive:theEmbodimentDelusion 55
3.2. BodilyImmunityfromtheOutside 57
3.2.1. Self-Location 57
3.2.2. SeeingOne’sBody 58
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3.3. Self-SpecificityandSelf-Reference 61
3.3.1. TheB-Lander 61
3.3.2. BodilyIEMandtheSenseofBodilyOwnership 62
3.4. Conclusion 64
Part II. Body-Builder
4. BodilySpace 67
4.1. AreBodilySensationsSpatial? 68
4.1.1. TheLocalSignTheory 68
4.1.2. Free-FloatingBodilySensations 69
4.1.3. TheDualityofSpatiality 71
4.2. ASensorimotorApproach 73
4.2.1. Tactile-MotorLaws 74
4.2.2. DissociationbetweenBodilyKnow-Howand
BodilyExperiences 77
4.3. Conclusion 81
5. TheBodyMapTheory 83
5.1. ARepresentationalistApproach 83
5.1.1. TheBodyMap 84
5.1.2. BodilyLocationandEgocentricLocation 86
5.2. TheRubberBandHypothesis 88
5.2.1. ALiberalModel 89
5.2.2. AConservativeModel 90
5.3. WhereCanOneFeelBodilySensations? 92
5.3.1. BodilyIllusionsinNon-BodilyShapedObjects 93
5.3.2. SensationsinRemoteObjects 94
5.3.3. SensationsinPeripersonalSpace 95
5.4. Conclusion 98
6. AMultimodalAccountofBodilyExperience 100
6.1. TheVisualBody 101
6.1.1. VisualEgocentricLocation 102
6.1.2. TheSynaestheticBodyMap 104
6.2. TheMultimodalityThesis 105
6.2.1. TheBindingModelofMultimodality 106
6.2.2. AConstitutiveThesis 107
6.3. LosingSightoftheBody 109
6.4. TheMoreMultimodality,theLessImmunity? 113
6.4.1. TheMultimodalBindingParameter 114
6.4.2. ASpace-BasedModel 117
6.4.3. TheSortalHypothesis 119
6.4.4. ANonconceptualAssumptionofUnity 120
6.5. Conclusion 123
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7. MyBodyAmongOtherBodies 125
7.1. TheBodyasaCommonCurrency 126
7.1.1. BodilyMirroringinAction 127
7.1.2. VicariousBodilySensations 128
7.2. TwoModelsofInterpersonalRepresentations 131
7.2.1. TheAssociationistModel 131
7.2.2. TheRedeploymentModel 133
7.3. TheChallengeofImpersonalContent 135
7.3.1. BeyondImpersonalContent 136
7.3.2. A“Whose”System? 137
7.4. Conclusion 139
8. TaxonomiesofBodyRepresentations 140
8.1. HowManyBodyRepresentations? 141
8.2. DeficitsinBodySchemaandBodyImage 143
8.2.1. PointingtoWhat? 144
8.2.2. PersonalNeglect:aDeficitofBodyImage? 146
8.2.3. PeripheralDeafferentation:the“MissingBody
Schema”? 147
8.2.4. AConstantInteraction 149
8.3. APracticalPhotographoftheBody 151
8.3.1. KnowledgeofBodilyAffordances 152
8.3.2. BodilyPushmi-PullyuRepresentations 154
8.4. IstheBodyMapHot? 157
8.4.1. ThePracticalHypothesis 157
8.4.2. BodyMereology 160
8.5. Conclusion 163
Part III. Bodyguard
9. TheBodyguardHypothesis 167
9.1. AnAgentiveMarkfortheSenseofBodilyOwnership? 168
9.1.1. TheBodyUnderControl 168
9.1.2. TheBodyThatOnePlansOne’sActionsWith 170
9.1.3. TheDualityofHotBodyMaps 173
9.2. ADualModelofPeripersonalSpace 177
9.2.1. ABody-CentredSpace 177
9.2.2. WorkingSpaceandProtectiveSpace 179
9.3. FixingtheBoundariesoftheBodytoProtect 182
9.3.1. TheAffectiveMarkofBodilyDisownership 182
9.3.2. SpatialandAffectiveRequirements 185
9.4. Conclusion 188
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10. TheNarcissisticBody 189
10.1. WhatItIsLiketoFeelMyBodyasMyOwn 190
10.1.1. WhatAffectiveQuality? 190
10.1.2. TheNarcissisticQualityofBodilyExperiences 193
10.1.3. AMatterofDegrees? 195
10.2. TheBodyinDanger 198
10.2.1. JudgementofMusclesandJudgementsofReasons 198
10.2.2. FearlessandPainlessBodies 199
10.2.3. TooMuchPain? 201
10.2.4. Self-DestructiveBehaviours 202
10.3. AThreatofCircularity 204
10.4. Conclusion 206
Appendix1. BodilyIllusions 207
A.1. TheRubberHandIllusionandSomeofItsManyVersions 207
A.1.1. TheRubberHandIllusion(RHI) 207
A.1.2. TheFakeFingerIllusion 208
A.1.3. TheMirrorIllusion 208
A.1.4. TheToolOwnershipIllusion 208
A.1.5. TheEnfacementIllusion 208
A.1.6. TheInvisibleHandIllusion 208
A.1.7. TheSupernumeraryHandIllusion 209
A.1.8. TheSomaticVersionoftheRHI 209
A.1.9. TheMovingRHI 209
A.2. Full-BodyIllusionsandSomeofItsManyVersions 209
A.2.1. TheFull-BodyIllusion 209
A.2.2. TheOut-of-BodyIllusion 210
A.2.3. TheBody-SwappingIllusion 210
A.3. OtherBodilyIllusions 210
A.3.1. TheNumbnessIllusion 210
A.3.2. TheDisownershipIllusion 210
A.3.3. TheJapaneseIllusion 211
A.3.4. TheThermalGrillIllusion 211
A.3.5. TheCutaneousRabbitIllusion 211
A.3.6. TheParchmentSkinIllusion 211
A.3.7. TheMarble-HandIllusion 211
A.3.8. TheDentistIllusion 211
A.3.9. ThePinocchioIllusion 211
Appendix2. NeurologicalandPsychiatricBodilyDisorders 212
Appendix3. Somatoparaphrenia 215
References 217
Index 257
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Acknowledgements
I feel few people have been as lucky as I have been in my philosophical
career.ThroughtheyearsIhavehadthechancetomeetincrediblysharp
andcreativephilosophersandpsychologistswhohavetaughtmeallthat
Iknow.Notonlyweretheywonderfulteachersbuttheyhavealsobecome
preciousfriends.Thismanuscriptistheoutcomeofourdiscussions.Iam
extremely grateful to them all. In particular, I would like to thank those
without whom I would not be where I am, especially Ned Block, Denis
Forest, Uta Frith, Alvin Goldman, Patrick Haggard, and Pierre Jacob.
I would also like to thank those with whom I have spent hours arguing,
debating, and laughing, especially Adrian Alsmith, Tim Bayne, Jérôme
Dokic, Alessandro Farnè, Olivier Massin, Myrto Mylopoulos, Elisabeth
Pacherie, and Hong Yu Wong. There are also all those whose work
has inspired me and whose feedback has played a key role in this
book, especially Yochai Ataria, Malika Auvray, Elena Azanon, David
Bain, José Luis Bermúdez, Anna Berti, Alexandre Billon, Olaf Blanke,
LucillaCardinali,MarcelloConstantini,AbrahamSapienCordoba,Henrik
Ehrsson,ShaunGallagher,FrancescaGarbarini,AdrienneGouzien,Marie
Guillot,NickHolmes,GiandomenicoIannetti,MarcJeannerod,Marjolein
Kammers, Colin Klein, Uriah Kriegel, Jérémie Lafraire, Tim Lane, Matt
Longo, Christophe Lopez, Asifa Majid, Tamar Makin, Alisa Mandrigin,
Tony Marcel, Mike Martin, Thomas Metzinger, Alejandro Mujillo,
Matthew Nudds,KevinO’Regan, Chris Peacocke, Victor Pitron,Daniele
Romano, David Rosenthal, Andrea Serino, Carlota Serrahima, Tania
Singer, and Manos Tsakiris. Finally, there are those who have been so
importanttomealongthewaythattheydonotneedtobenamed.