Table Of Content1
California Ativ0
Society
KERN CHAPTER
MARCH
2017
President's Message
CONTENTS
A
Good Year to See Plants from the Underground
President's Message -
by Richard Spjut
Wild Irises in Kern - 4
Accolades - 5
T his winter has been exceptional in precipitation,
Field Trips/Events - 6
Meeting Topics - 7 making it a good year to see plants we rarely see in Kern County such
Conservation Corner - 7 as snow plant {Sarcodes sanguinea, Fig. 1), desert sand plant {Pholisma are-
narium), broom rapes {Orobanche spp.), coral
root {Corallorhiza maculata), and others, all
EVENTS
belonging to diverse families: Ericaceae, Eh-
retiaceae, Orobancha-
MARCH
ceae, and Orchida-
4 - Bryophyte Field Trip: ceae, respectively I ''...a handful of soil
Kern Canyon, refer to them as plants can contain more
from the underground
16 - Chapter Meeting, 6ppmm because that is where than 5000 species''
Program, 7
they live perennially,
25 - Field Trip: Rancho Santa Ana only surfacing an-
27-29 - Wildflower Conference nually to show off their flowers in order to
Kernville, CA reproduce. Underground, they steal nutri-
27-30 - CNPS Bryophyte Foray, ents from fungi or plants, either by their root
CA or underground stem (rhizome) connecting
Three Ihvers,
with a specific fungal host that in turn forms
APRIL symbiotic associations (mycorrhizal) with
rF*ig. 11. Scnow plIant ^ C
1- CALM /[CSarcodles sangumea)\ roots of. ot.her prl,ants,> usualljy sihrub, s or trees,
Field Trip:
2 - Field Trip: Hungry Valley SRV or by direct penetration into
12- roots of host plants. In feeding
Field Trip:
underground, they have done Wikipedia.
Western Mojave Desert
away with photosynthesis, thus,
20 - Chapter Meeting, 6pm no green leaves. —
pm
Program, 7
Pickart,
29 - Field Trip: Salt Creek/Case Probably most familiar is the
}.
Mountain
snow plant, Sarcodes sanguinea in
MAY the subfamily, Monotropoideae Andrea
18 - Chapter Meeting, 6pm of the heath family (Ericaceae); &
pm the epithet refers to the bright
Program, 7
red color of the flowers. In Kern Leppig
County its floral shoots often
emerge from the ground during Gordon
May
to July (CCH^). Sarcodes
roots specialize in connecting to Photo:
fungal thread-like cells (myce- Fig. 2. Sugar sticks {Allotropa virgata) Humboldt
lium) of a truffle-like fungus. Bay Natlional Wildlife Refuge Complex
The California Native Plant Society is a non-profit organization dedicated to the conservation ofCalifornia native plants and
their natural habitats, and to increasing the understanding, appreciation, and horticultural use ofnative plants.
,
—
Mimulus Memo March 2017
2
Rhizopogon The coral root {Corallorhiza maculata, Fig. 4), a species
ellenae, which in of the orchid family, is widely distributed in the west-
turn connects ern U.S.^, mostly in the montane coniferous forest but
with roots of also along coastal regions of California as far south
white fir, red as Monterrey County.^ Its name reflects its coral-like
fir, or species of underground stems and spots on its flowers. In the Si-
pine^ all nestled erra Nevada it occurs in Sequoia groves where sugar
together at the sticks may also be present. For Kern County, CCH
root base of has only one record, "Greenhorn Peak," probably
o snow plant into Greenhorn Pass, collected by Gerald Griffith, July 6,
O
a bulbous mass 1937 (RSA-POM); however, Twisselmann^ reported
Fig. 3. Tricholoma magnivelare, host for network of my- it occasional in montane pine and red fir forests of
Allotrapa virgata, Mendocino Co., CA celia and roots. the northern Greenhorn Range. Its favorite hosts are
The mycorrhizal mushroom genera of Russulaceae.
(fungal tree root) association allows the tree to take up
water and minerals in exchange for giving carbohy- The genus Orobanche (broom rape) includes five or
drates to the fungus. From the fungal perspective, it six species in Kern County. They parasitize roots of
connects with two species of seed plants, one that pho- mostly shrubs, notably sagebrush {Artemisia triden-
—
tosynthesizes to make food via chlorophyll convert- tata), buckwheat {Eriogonumfasciculatiim), yerba santa
—ing sunlight into chemical energy {Eriodictyon californicum) and rabbitbrush {Chryso-
to fuel the reaction between thamnus), some species of Orobanche more selective to
carbon dioxide and water, and the a specific host than others.
— —
other the snow plant provid-
ing nothing beneficial in return. Two CCH specimens reported as rare plants from
Thus, it seems that the snow plant Piute Mt., (Fig. 5), may be a new subspecies. L. R.
uses the fungal hyphae as feeding Heckard (1962, 1969, in annotations) noted that the
tubes to siphon off some of the flowers are atypical in their narrower corolla lobes
nutrients being taken in by the and in their ovary of four placentae instead of two.
fungus from the tree. One was collected by Charlotte N. Smith, 28 Aug
,7-90 1943, on a westerly slope near the summit of Piute
Other leafless monotropoids in Peak along the road from Bodfish to French Meadows
Spjut
Kern County are sugar sticks at 8000 ft, where she reported seeing only one plant
{Allotropa virgata, Fig. 2), found in growing in open among trees (fir, pine) w—ith sage and
Richard A
the Greenhorn Mts., gnome plant Ribes. later collection by Twisselmann he identi-
(Hemitomes confestum), a rarely- fied as O. grayana var.feudgei (now O. californica ssp.
—
Photo: seen species with coral-like flow- feudgei) was found on the southeast flank of Bald
ers, known in Kern County from Peak where reportedly rare in openings in dense
Fig. 4. Coral root {Coral-
lorhiza mertensiana) Clear a single collection by James She- brush along a ridgetop on gravelly soil, 6300 ft (June
Lake, Marble Mts. Wilder- vock (Sep 1982) near the sum- 22, 1962). L. R. Heckard identified Smith's specimen
ness, Siskyuou County, CA mit of Sunday Peak, pine drops in 1962 as O. corymbosa, and in 1969 as O. californica
(Pterospora) that occurs in the ssp.feudgei. These specimens were again annotated in
Greenhorn Mts., on Breckenridge 2015 by L. T. Collins, A. E. L. Colwell and G. Yatski-
Mt., and on Mt. Pinos in the Iris meadow (CCH). They evych without further change. The subspecies is
associate with other fungi, for example, sugar
sticks associates with mushroom Tricholoma
magnivelare (F—ig. 3). The monotropoids are not
saprophytes species that live off decaying
—
organic matter as often indicated in the
literature; rather, they are parasites because
they take nutrients from living fungal mycelia
without giving anything in return.
Fig. 5. Cancer root {Orobanche fastigiata) McCloud River
near Shasta Lake Fig. 6. California broomrape, {Orobanche
californica, ssp. californica) Coastal scrub Mendocino
CA
County,
—
Mimulus Memo March 2017
3
generally found References:
along mountain Consortium of California Herbaria (CCH), ucjeps.berkeley.edti/consor-
—
tium. Regents of the University of California Updated October
slopes border-
28, 2016. Data provided by the following participants, indicated
Wikipedia ing the western by their herbarium acronyms: CAS-DS • CDA • CHSC • CSUSB
Mohave and • DAV • HSC • IRVC • OBI • PGM • RSA-POM • SBBG • SD •
Sonoran deserts. SDSU • SJSU • UC-JEPS • UCR • UCSB • UCSC.
Chen2, However in the 2Kretzer AMI, Bidartondo Ml, Grubisha LC, Spatafora JW, Szaro
TM, Bruns TD. 2000. Regional specialization oiSarcodes san-
Jepson Manual
guinea (Ericaceae) on a single fungal symbiont from the Rhizo-
Howard ed.), Colwell pogon ellenae (Rhizopogonaceae) species complex. Am. Bot.
J.
and Heckard 87(12):! 778-82.
by
indicated O. K. Magrath andj. V. Ereudenstein, 2002. Orchidaceae, Corallorhiza.
Photo californica has Flora North America. 26: 633-639.
^D. EeeTaylor and Thomas D. Bruns. 1997. Independent, specialized
Fig. 7. Desert Christmas tree subspecies to invasions of ectomycorrhizal mutualism by two nonphotosyn-
be named and
(Pholisma arenarium). thetic orchids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94: 4510-4515.
described. ®Moerman, D. E. NativeAmerican medicinalplants. An ethnobotani-
cal dictionary. 1998. The medicinal uses of more than 3000 plants
The most common Orobanche in Kern County is clus- by 218 Native American tribes. Timber Press, Portland.
tered broomrape, O. fastigiata (Fig. 6), represented by ®M. Eridlender, Y. Kapulnikand H. Koltai.2015. Plant derived sub-
CCH stances with anti-cancer activity: from folklore to practice. Front.
21 of the 50 specimens in for the county. The spe-
PlantSci., 01 October littps://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00799
.
cies is widely distributed in North America as also na- ^Eernandez-Aparicio M, Reboud X, Gibot-Eeclerc S. 2016. Broom-
ked broomrape (Artemesia O. uniflora) represented by rape Weeds. Underground Mechanisms of Parasitism and Associ-
7 CCH specimens. Both are also known as cancer root. ated Strategies for their Control: A Review. Front Plant Sci. 7:135.
g
The Montana Indian used the "parasite [O.fasciculata] Spjut, R. W. 201 1 . Decline in native annuals and increase in nonna-
tive annuals in the California deserts. Pp. 348-358 in Proceedings
on sweet sage [Artemisiafrigida] roots...for cancer", ofthe CNPS Conservation Conference: Strategies and Solutions,
while other native Americans used O. fasciculata for 17-19 Jan 2009, eds. W. Willoughby, B. K. Orr, K.A. Schieren-
J.
A
treating wounds, sores and hemorrhoids.^ sample beck, and N. Jensen.
J.
of O. cooperi I collected in Baja California Sur in 1981 uwisselmann, E. C. 1967. A flora ofKern County, California. Illustrated
showed antitumor activity in the NCI astrocytoma as- by Eben and Gladys McMillan. University ofSan Erancisco. Reprint,
Wasmann Biol. 25: 1-395.
say. The broomrape chemically recognizes the Arte- J.
^*^Jaeger, E. J. 1940. Desert Wild
misia root by signaling strigolactones, plant hormones
Flowers. Stanford Univ. Press.
that have potential for treating cancer.^ Broomrapes ^^W.H.van der Putten. 201 7.
have also been considered invasive to agricultural Below-ground drivers of plant
crops, especially in Europe and Asia^; yet, species na- diversity: Eeedbacks between
soil microbes and plants affect
tive to the California deserts may be in decline.® the diversity of plant commu-
nities. Science 355 (6321, Jan
Pholisma arenarium (Fig. 7), commonly known as 13):134-135.
Christmas tree, scaly-stemmed sand plant, and purple
sand food, which usually emerges in sandy places Fig. 8. Desert sand food, (Pholisma sonorae, older genus name
during May to June, was indicated by Twisselmann^ Ammobroma), Algodones Sand Dunes, Imperial Co., CA,
to be rare in Kern County; however, M. Hall and April 1980
H.P. Chandler reported long ago (June 8, 1906, CCH)
"
that it was commonfrom Haiwee Meadows to Red Rock California
Canyon." This sand plant parasitizes roots of cheese NativePlantSociety
A
bush (Hymenoclea) and rabbitbrush. related species,
which grows on the Algodones Dunes near Yuma AZ,
CNPS
P. sonorae (Fig. 8), looks more like a mushroom. It was is the leader for providing reliable
a favorite food of the Papagos (Tohono O'odham), information on California native plants and
but only seasonally since the plants emerge from the
plant conservation. Comprehensive infor-
sand for short time, April to May, depending also on a
good winter rain.^” mation about California's flora and vegeta-
tion communities available throughout
is
Thus, if you are looking at what appears to be a
mushroom growing out of the sand, it could be an the state for conservation and educational
inflorescence connected underground to mycelia purposes. CNPS's leaderships influences
of a mushroom or to the roots of other plants in a
personal ethics and actions, as well as pub-
world where "a handful ofsoil can contain more than
5000 species. lic policy for native plant protection.
—
Mimulus Memo March 2017
4
Wild Irises in Kern the U.S. Forest Service and other sources. The sepals
A of the western blue flag have dark-purple veins and
Delight to Behold
a yellow-white signal (a contrasting color down the
by Nancy Nies middle), while those of Munz's iris have deep yellow,
blue to purple to violet veining and a white or yellow
signal. So, how do the two irises differ?
YOU SHOULD HAPPEN TO THE
F VISIT
I meadow next to the top An important difference
parking area on Mt. Pinos, is that one is common and
you just might fall under §- the other, rare. I. missou-
its spell. In a good year, be- ^ riensis, native to western
tween May and July, you'll North America, is wide-
find that meadow abloom spread, from sea level to
—
with Iris missouriensis an higher elevations. Accord-
enchanting sea of lavender. ing to SPCNI, it is found
Some years ago, a couple on the eastern side ofthe
I know was married in Cascade and Sierra Nevada
that iris-filled meadow. mountains,from
On 22 June 2016, Kern southern Can-
CNPS member Suzanne ada to northern
Weller saw the meadow Mexico, and east to
and found inspiration for a the Dakotas." Its
poem. bitter leaves un-
Above: Meadow of Iris missou- palatable to live-
Maynard Moe, in his Kern riensis, Mt. Pinos, 5 July 2006 stock, it spreads
County Flora, lists four iris Right: Iris missouriensis (western so prolifically on
species growing in the wild blue flag), Mt. Pinos, grazed pasture
here in Kern County. One 22 June2016 land that some
was the subject of my article cattle ranchers consider it a pest. In Kern County, says
Iris hartwegii: Lovely Native ofCalifornia's Sierra Moe, the western blue flag is "common in wet meadows
Nevada (Mimulus Memo, Sept. 2015). Another, Iris and around seeps in the Jeffrey pineforest on Mt. Pinos."
pseudacorus (yellow flag), a native of Europe and Asia,
is an invasive plant and, says the Society for Pacific I. munzii, on the other hand, is native and endemic
Coast Native Iris (SPCNI), "a recent garden escapee to a small area in the foothills of the southern Sierra
[thatl has become naturalized in much oftemperate North Nevada, from 1,800 to 4,000 feet. In Kern County,
America." Here, we'll focus on the remaining two Moe places it "on wet, grassy sites, open to part shade;
irises found in Kern, on easterly slopes near [thel road to Portuguese Meadoiv,
CNPS
California natives Iris Greenhorn Summit." lists I. munzii as being rare
missouriensis (western and endangered, and the Forest Service calls it imper-
Commons
blue flag) and Iris mun- iled, with only 6 to 20 populations or 1,000 to 3,000
zii (Munz's iris). individual plants.
Creative
T—he two flowers The irises also differ in overall size. I. munzii grows
with their three two to three feet tall, with 3-5 large flowers per stalk
Lindsey, upright petals (the and leaves 20 or more inches long and 14 inch wide,
standards) and three says SPCNI, which calls this vigorous iris "the larg-
Irene downward-archi—ng est ofthe Pacific Coast natives - tall, straight, strong and
2009 sepals (the falls) stately." The western blue flag grows about a third to
© share a widely vary- half as tall as Munz's iris, and has narrower leaves
ing, but similar, color and smaller flowers, usually 1-2 per stalk.
Photo
range. missouriensis
I.
can be white to light Though I haven't seen I. munzii in person, I have read
blue to deep violet, some personal observations that bear repeating here.
and I munzii can be Richard Richards, in "Iris munzii: A Partial View"
white to pale blue to (SPCNI Almanac, Fall 2001), writes that it was in the
Iris munzii (Munz's iris). Coffee lavender to purple, say late 1960s that he first saw I. munzii growing at Coffee
Camp area, 5 April 2009 Camp, in the Sierra foothills near Springville, Tulare
—
Mimulus Memo March 2017
5
Mt. Pinos
iris County. "Nowhere
else have I ever
unfurls its late spring petals
seen such diversity \
blue and yellow flags ofcolor andform
as in the Coffee
Camp munzii,”
I.
writes Richards, \\
Jeffrey pines surround
who was
to visit
lush luxuriant meadow them every April
tjiC y
for years there-
jewels in the crown When he
after.
returned around SfSig
S’,?*""*
— ; '
1990 after a 10- to
Suzanne Weller
15-year hiatus, Annual Potluck i^hens at ouin :;ft
he was shocked
to find that the stands he'd previously visited had <: /
disappeared. "The only explanation we could come up
with is that passers-by had seen the attractiveflowers and
dug them on the spot," says Richards, who points out
that Pacific Coast irises transplanted in the spring ''(MCI
would never have survived, and that "these people had
one by one wiped out one ofthe most wonderful stands ofI.
munzii I have ever seen."
On a more positive note, the SPCNI website reports
that in April 2004, SPCNI sponsored Munz's iris trek f^red Chynoweth
Ellen Cypher
to the Sierra foothills near Sequoia National Park, in
Tuolumne County. Park ranger Jennifer Atkins and
botanist Cheryl
/eriy Ludeke
Bartlett took small
Karen
Meeks
permission groups of visitors
Diane
"to a shaded canyon Mitchell
Patricia Mumford
where Iris munzii
with Monica
Tudor
plants greiu thick and
Vonnie
Used Turkal
tall under the dappled
taura
Stockton
shade ofblue oaks and
buckeye trees along
a dry streambank." the food donation/”' aU
And on May
1
Ann Huber
2016,
to WdsTTOeOtos®'
led Alta Peak
CNPS members
on a rare-plant
treasure hunt "to
find and survey the
—
Iris munzii painting by Iris Mineral King Road
hybridizer and artist, lean Witt populations ofthe
rare Munz's iris."
Huber reports (Insignis, June 2016) that they "found
many still in peak bloom, showing their exquisitely beauti-
ful white to pmqplefiofwers."
Let's hope that the beauty of a meadow of missou-
I.
riensis or a rare stand of I. munzii, here in Kern County
and elsewhere, will enthrall us for many years to
O
come.
—
Mimulus Memo March 2017
6
SUMMARY
FIELD TRIP
April 29, Saturday
by Patty Gradek with Rich Spjut
SALT CREEK NEAR THREE RIVERS
OR A MORE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF with Denis Kearns and
members of the Alta Peak Chapter
field trips for the 2017 season, please see the
Contact: Patty Gradek - [email protected]
January 2017 edition of the Mimulus Memo.
RSVP Deadline: 8pm, Tuesday, April 25
ALL DAY
IMPORTANT: If your plans or your party's plans - Note: limited to 25 participants
change and you will not be attending, it is critical
June 14, Wednesday
for safety, planning and courtesy reasons - that you
PIUTE MOUNTAIN/SADDLE SPRINGS ROAD
call or email the contact person and let them know
with Richard Spjut
you will not be there.
Contact: Patty Gradek - pattygradek®gmail.com
RSVP Deadline: 8pm, Friday, June 9
March Saturday
KERN4,RIVER CANYON ALL DAY - High-clearance vehicle with good tires
-
and 4-wheel-drive a plus.
MILL CREEK, BRYOPHYTES
with Paul Siri Wilson and
Rich Spjut
Contact: Rich Spjut -
[email protected]
RSVP Deadline: 8pm,
Garden
Tuesday, February 28
Botanic
March Saturday
25,
RANCHO SANTAANA BOTANIC GARDEN
Ana
with Travis Columbus and Joy England
Contact: Patty Gradek - [email protected] Santa
RSVP Deadline: 8pm, Tuesday, March 21
Rancho
Note: limited to 20 participants
April Saturday Photo:
1,
CALIFORNIA LIVING MUSEUM (CALM)
Palo verde at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden
with Don and Yvonne Turkal
OTHER
EVENTS:
Contact: Patty Gradek - [email protected]
RSVP Deadline: 8pm, Tuesday, March 28
OR A MORE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF
April Sunday these events, please see the January 2017 edition
2,
HUNGRY VALLEY STATE of the Mimulus Memo or workshops listings online at
VEHICULAR RECREATION AREA
www.cnps.org/workshops
with Maggie Hurley
and Pam DeVries March 1-3, 2017
Contact: Patty Gradek - [email protected] VEGETATION MAPPING WORKSHOP
RSVP Deadline: 8pm, Tuesday, March 28 Redlands, California
Note: limited to 20 participants
March 27-29, 2017
April 12, Wednesday 2017 WILDFLOWER CONFERENCE
WESTERN MOJAVE DESERT
Kernville, California
with Rich Spjut
Contact: Patty Gradek [email protected] March 27-30, 2017
-
RSVP Deadline: 8pm, Friday, March 31 BRYOPHYTES FORAY
Three Rivers, California
April 23, Sunday —
WIND WOLVES PRESERVE Apr 18 20, 2017
Contact: Patty Gradek - [email protected] INTRODUCTION TO PLANT IDENTIFICATION
RSVP Deadline: 8pm, Tuesday, April 18 Tejon Ranch, Frazier Park, CA ^
—
Mimulus Memo March 2017
7
\
CONSERVATION CORNER
by Fred Chynoweth with Lucy Clark
Chapter Meetings
C NPS HAS STARTED A STATEWIDE Important
Plant Areas (IPA) mapping initiative to incor- ipcanligTOPICS
porate as complete a botanical dataset as possible
into current land-use planning processes across the
state, CNPS is asking regional experts to provide their Thursday, March 16, 2017 - 7 pm
expertise during our IPA Map development. Presenter: Aaron Sims
CNPS
Rare Plants
The first IPA meeting took place in Bakersfield on
February 23 -24, 2017 to map the Southern San Thursday, April 20, 2017 - 7 pm
Joaquin Valley. As of this writing, 20 have signed Presenter: Mitchell Coleman
up to participate in the 2-day workshop sponsored Seedling Recruitment ofAtriplex
by CNPS. Ultimately, the finished map and all sub- polycarpa (Chenopodiaeae)
sequent maps will be hosted online as a viewable, in the San Joaquin Valley
update-able living record of IPAs in California. Much
thanks goes to Randi McCormick for donating her Thursday, May 19, 2017 - 7 pm
office space for the project. Presenter: Ann Huber
Kaweah Oak Preserve:
Saturday, January 14th, a group of us met to harvest Oaks and their Conservation
pads of Opuntia Basilaris van treleasei, Bakersfield cac-
tus, which was growing on Tejon Ranch Conservancy Thursday, June 20, 2017 - 7 pm
property. Wind Wolves has agreed to grow them in Presenter: Ellen Cypher
their nursery. In about a year, we will plant the by- Creating New Populations ofan
then-rooted cacti on the TNC's Toll House Ranch near Endangered Species: Recovery Efforts
Caliente. for Bakersfield Cactus
Zach Principe, from The Nature Conservancy, has All chapter meetings are held the
received a grant to repopulate that property held in 3rd Thursday of each month at the
trust. It was a good feeling to be part of a group effort Hall Ambulance Community Room
(TNC, CNPS, and Wind Wolves) to help re-establish 1031 21st Street (21st & N St.),
this species which is rare, very endangered and en- Bakersfield, CA.
demic to Kern County.
Meeting times:
—
CNPS is actively tracking legislation at the state level 6pm Discussion groups on plant
and helping chapters advocate for conservation at the identification and native plant
local level. At the CNPS website, a conservation re- gardening
—
port for 2015 -2016 may be downloaded. (http://www. 7pm Program presentation
^
cnps.orgicnpsiconservation!)
Campbell
Dinah
Photos: Left: The Cactus Collection Crew:
(L to R) Lucy Clark, Ellen Cypher,
Zach Principe, Monica Tudor
(kneeling), Fred Chynoweth and
Barbara Fleischer. Not pictured:
Dinah Campbell Right: Ellen
Cypher demonstrates the cutting
technique.
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