Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature, Fiftieth Anniversary Edition

606 Pages·2003·11.1 MB·English

by  Erich Auerbach

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-ANDREW MARVELL
CONTENTS
Introdutcott hiFeoi nfti eth-AnnEidvietirsaoryn
OdyssSecaurs ' 3
1.
2..F ortunata 2.4
l TheA rreosfPt e tVearl vomeres5 0
4·S ichaarniCduh sr amnesindu7s7
5· RolaAngda iGnasnte lon 96
6.T heK nigShettF so rth 123
7· Adama nEdv e 143
8.F ariaan naCdta valcante 174
9·F rtaeA lberto 2.03
10.M adamDeuC haeslt 2.31.
11.T heW orlidnP antagMrouuetlh' s2 62.
12.L' HumaCionned ition 285
1·3 TheW earPyr ince 312
14· TheE ncheadnD tulcinea 343
1·5 TheF aux Devot 359
16.T heI tnerruSputppeedr 359
17· MilltehMreu sician 434
18.I nt hHeo tdeell aM ole 454
19·G ermiLnaicee rteux 493
20.T heB rownS tocking 551
Epilogue 554
Appendix 559
Index 575
INTRODUCTION TO THE
FIFTIETH-ANNIVERSAREYD ITION
byE dwarW.d S aid
...h umanb einagrse n otb orn oncea nd
foarl oln I hed ayt hemior lhegrisv bei rth1 0t hem.
butt halIi foeb ligtehse mt og ivbei rtht ot hemselves.
-GabriGealr daM oirquez
THE iflnuenacneed n durrienpgu toafbt oioooknfsc i rticairsferom,
thcer ist iwcwhroi tthee amn dh opteob er eafdro motraheno ne
seans,do ipsiinrtgilsyh oSrtni.c Weo rWlda rTw ot hseh eveloru moef
bookasp peairnEi nngigls hha rsi steohn ug en umbetruhssf, ru ther
ensuirgni nfo etp heamiletytr,h eanr elatsihvolefrielta y n hda radnlyy
iflnuencaeta lBlo.ko so fc riticism choamvieenw auvasesussa olcliy­
atewdih ta cadetmriecnm dosso,tfw hiacerhq ukilcrye plbaycs eudc ­
cesssihvsiie ftn t asftsaeh,i oorng ,e niunietn leelctduiaslvc eorTyh.u s
onlasy m anlulm boefbr o oks pseeernenmi parlelsayen ndbt,yc omp­ar
isowni tthh e mvaajsyoto r fit ethicro uenprtarttsoh, a ev aanm azg in
staypionwgeC ret.ria nltihysi s torfEu rei Acuehr abcshm 'agisterial
MimesTihseR:e preseonfRt eaatliiionWtn ey s tLeirnt erpatuuibrsleh,e d
byP rincUenitvoenyrP srieetsxsal cyfit ftyy eaargsio na s atisrfyeiandg­ly
ablEen gilsthr aantsibloyWn il alrRd.T rsak.
As one icmmaend eilajytdu gbey i tssu blteAi,uet rbabcoho'iksbs y
frat hlera geisnst c oapneda mbtiioonuo tf a ltlh oet hiempro rtant
cirtiwcoarlok fst hpea shta clefhln ry.Is tr ancgoev elerirsta mrya s­ter
piefcoremsH omearn tdh Oel dTe satmenrti gthhtr ho utVgoig rinia
WooalnfMd a rcPerlo uashltot,uh g asA uerbsaacyahsp oeltoigcaatl ly
the oeftn hdbe o ofkro,r easoofsn psah cehe a tdol eaovueatg redaeta l
ofm edielviatle raaswt eularslse o mcer ucmioadlew rrtnie lrkiseP ascal
andB auldaeei.Hr ew atso t retahtfero meirn lhaispsto ,su tmhosuly
pubslhiebdo oLki,t eLArnagryu aagnedI tPsub liincLa te LaAtnitni q­
uitayn di nt hMei ddAlgee tsh,le ta etirnv arijoouusra nnaadlc so lc­le
tioofnh iess saScyesn,e st h{rDeor ma moafE uropLeiatne rIatnau lrle .
thewsoer Akuse rbapcrhe setrvhesesa mees saysitsyotlfcie irc t icism,
bgeinneianccghha ptweirta lh o nqgua ottifoornma s pecwiofircckei dt
int hoer iinglanalg uafgloel,o wiemdmd eiatbeyal s ye rvicteraabnlsel a­
tio(nGe rmainnt hoer igMiinmaelsfi irsps,ut ib slhienBd e rni n1 946;
Engliins hmo ofhs itss u bseenqwtuo r)ko,u otfw hiacd he taeixlpeldi ­
catidoetn e xutnoef ldastal eisaunrrdeu lnmyai tep iavcteih;is nt urns
INTRODUCTION
develionptssoe otfm emoracbolmmee ntasb otuhtre e lasthiiboepn­
a
tweetnh reht eorsitcyaollfte hp ea ssaangidet s soo c-oipilitccaoln tae xt,
faett hAautre bamcahn awgeista mh i nuimmo ff susa nwd ihtv riutally
nol enaerdr eefrenHceee sx.p lianti hnceso nclucdhianpogtfM e irm e­
sitsh aetv,e n hhewa adn tteodh, e c ounlodht a vmea dues oef t he
avialasbclheo lraersloyufi rsrctoe fsa ,lb le cahues e wianws a trime
Istawnhbeutnlh beo owka wsr itatnendno W esterrens elabirarcrhi es
weraec cesfsrohi mbi lteoc osnusletc,o bnedc ahuashdee b eeanb lteo
usreee efrncfeorsm t heex trevmouelmliyn osuesc onldeiartrya ttuhree ,
matewroiualhlda vsew ampheidma n dh ew oulnde vhearv wer itten
thbeo oTkh.u sa lownight thper imtaeryxt thsah teh adw ithhi m,
Auerbarcehl miaeidn olnmy e moaryn dw haste elmksiea ni naflilble
intereps rkleilftro ie vlcuitdniagr elasthsiib opentweebnoo aknsd t he
wortlehdyb eolngetdo .
EveinnE ngilsthr salnant,ti hohea llkm oafAr uebracssh t'yilsae n
unrufflaettd i,m eevse lnoy fta nds uepmreclayl tmo,n ceo nveay ing
combinoaftq iuioeentur dtiioanli lewdih t aonv erridpiantgialenynd t
lovcionngfi deinnhc imesi snsa isso choalnapdrh ilgloioBsutwt.h ow as
hea,n wdh asto orftb ackgraonutdnr da idniihdne hg a vteh eanta bled
hitmop o rduscuec who rokft ruoluyt stainflnduiennacgne ld o ngevity?
Byt htei mMei measipsp eairnEe ndgi lshhew aasrl easdxiytyo -net,h e
soonfa G ermJaenw fimasihlr ye siidnBi enrglt ihcnei, oty fh ibsih rti n
189B2ya. l alc couhnert esc eaic vleadsP rsuiiscaes ndu catgiroand­,u at
infgrm o thcatity r'esn owFnreadni zsocsGhyemsns aiuamne, l eih tigh
schowohle rtehG ee rmaannd F rancto-iLtnar adiwteirboern osu ght
toegthienarv ersyp ecwiaayHl.er eceedai d voocrtaitnle a w frtohme
UniveorfHs eiidtybe elrign1 1 93a,n tdh esne rveidnt hGee rmaanmr y
duirnWgo rlWda rO nea,ft er whheai bcahn dolwna aendde a rnae d
doctoirnRa otmea nlcaen guaattg heUesn iveorfGs rietyi lfsdwG.ae o­f
freGyr eena,u thoofar ni moprtabnoto oknA uerbhaacsshep ,c uelda t
th"atthv ei olaennhdc orer oorfs "t heex pwearrmi aeyhn acvece a used
thceha ngienc aerefror ml egtaolle i rtapryus rusif,otr m" tvhaes sottl,i d
legianls tiotfust oicyoi. ne.stt o.[n a i vnsetigoaftt]ih odeni s tsaihnftt­,
inpgatt eronfsp hoillocgasilt ud(iiLetsrye" rC ariticaisnmdt hSet ruc­
hIroeHfsi rys,tE riocAhu erbaancdLeh o S pitLzienrc,Uo nlinvs,ei rotyf
NebraPsrke1as9 s8,2 ,2 0-2p1p)..
Betwe1e9n2a 3n 1d9 2A9u,e rbhaelcdahp osiattBi eorn'l Psir nussian
SteaL tibrryIa.wt a tsh en htesh traetn gthhsieg nreaodsft p h peh ilio­log
cavlo caatnipdo rno dutcwemoda jpoicree osfw orakG ,e rmtraann sla­
tioofnG iaamttbsitVai csTo h'eN ewS cieanncades emimnoanlo graph
II
INTRODUCTION
onD anetne tiDtalnetadel D si chdterej drri scWheeln(t w htehnbe o ok
appeedai rn gElniisn1h 9 6a1sD antPeoe,to ft hSee cuWloalrrdt ,eh
crucwioarildr disocr"h eean,rt hwlays, "po nalrtyir aelnldyeb ryte hde
consriadblelseysc oncr"esteleca" ur)A.ue rbalceih-f'lsop nrge occupa­
tiowni tthh etsweoI a tilaanu thuonrdse rstchoserp eefiscca i ndc on­
creec thaacrtoefhr i ast tieonsnto,u nilkteh oatfc ontempcoirrtairyc s,
whop reerwf haitis m ipcltiot wthhatete a xctut alslayy s.
Int hfiesr tp laAcuee,rab cshw 'oriksa nhcoerdi nt hter iatdni oof
Romanpcheoio llgyi,n teretshtseit nuogdftly hy o lstiee radteurreisv ing
frmo Latbiunit d egoilcoaulnlienylit lgiwbilteh tohuCeth r isdtoica­n
trionfIe n carn(aadtn hineocnoe f t hReo maCnh rucha)sw elals is t
secuulnadrei rnnpngii nt hHeo lRyo maEnm piArnea .d ditficaotnoarl
watseh d eveloopumotef nL tat ionft hvea ridoeumso ltaincg uages,
fromP rovetnoF� raelhn ,Ica tilaSnp,ai ns,eh t.Fc arf ormb eitnhgde yr ­
as-duascta desmtiuocdfw y o rodr i,gp ihnislofrloA ouegryb aacnhed m i­
nencto enmtporaorfi ehlksiie sK ,ar Vlos slLeero, SpaintzdEe rrn,s t
RobeCrtu rutswi,a si ne ffeicmmte rsiinoa nlt leh aavibllawer itten
doceunmtisno noer s eveRroamla nlcaen gufaorgmen sum,im satsti oc
epriagpfhorym,s y tilsttioac rsc hrievsaelaf orrmcr hh,e taonrdli acw to
ana ll-embrawcoirnkgii dnegoa fl t ieratthuarte incchrlocunldieesd,
episcesr,m odanrsm,as ,t oraineeds s,s aIynshe.en rtcloym parRa<rt ive,
mancpeh illoogiynt heea rtlwye ntcieentthdu erriyv ietmdsa ipnr <r
ceduirdaeflaor sma p rincGiepramltalrnya doifti inotne rprtehtaatt ion
begiwnistt hh Heo mreiccri ictiosfmF r dieeriAcughu sWtol f(7 19-5
1248)c,o nutei.sntr hougHher maSnc lheieremrba'icsibh clcarlii cti,s m
inclusdoeem so fm otshitemp ortwaonrtok fsN ietszhce( whwoa s a
claspshiicglaiolbs lytop reosifnso)a,n dc umlianteisnt hoeft elna ­
borioaturisulcleyadp t hisloopohfWy i lheDlihmlye t.
Dilthaegryu etdh tahtwe o rolfwd r ittteenx( tfows h itchhae e setthic
masterwwoarsk c tehnetp rialbll eoalnrg)te od rtaehleom fl v ieedx peri­
enc(eEl reibsnw)h,i tchhie n terapttreemtpettrore edc otvrheoru ag h
combinn aotefir oudiatnidao s nu bjeicnttuiiivot(enen igefUnh)lo ef
whatthi en nsepri( rGeisitto) f wtohrewk as H.i s idekanswo laebdoguet
reosnta ni nidtiisatli bnecttwiteohenwen o rolfnd a tu(radeno f natural
scienacnedts hw)eo rolfds priuiatolb jetchtbesa ,s is okfn owwhlo­se
edghee c lasds aisafi meitxuroefo bjecatnidsvb ueej cteilvmeee nts
(Giestsessecwnhisafto)rk, n owleodftg hepe r oduocfmt isn odr rsipti.
Wheretahsei rsne o r eal EonrAg mleirshi ecqauni vfaroli et(nl at­
thoutghhse tu doyf c ultiusar reo ugahp opxirmati,oG ne)isteswis­
sneschiasaftr ecognaiczaeddes mpihcei rnGe e rm-asnpeackuoinn-g
111
INTRODU CTION
tireIsnh. si l ateesrs" aEylp,ei gomteoMn iam es(i1s9"t5 r3a;n sfolrma ted
thGee rmfaront hfier tsmite tiihns e)dA,iu teirobnsaacyehsx i pclliyt
thhaitw so r"kra osforem t hteh emes and Gmeertmihaonendtl csl­ eof
tuhaslit yoa rnpdh ilgloyoi;wt o uldc obnveca ebiilnne o o thtearrd ition
thainnt hatG eorfmr amona tnicainsHdme egl("751 .)
Whilieit ps o isbstloae p prteeAc ueirabaMcihm'esfs roii stfi sn ea,­b
sorbeipxnlgti icooanfi ndiidvu,sa olmetoibmusercste e xtsn,e eotdnose
disentiatvnsra giloaeun st deecsnea tncdo mponmeanntoysfw , h iacrhe
quiutnaefm ialrti om oderrena sdb eurwth iAcuhe rbascoehmt ism ere­
fres itnpo a isnsg aawlnadyt sa kfeogsrr anitnte ehdc osuer hoibfso o.k
Auerbalceih-f'lsoi nnegtr eisntt h eei tgehehn-ctenhNuye apolpirto­an
fsesoofrL ateilqnou enacneid u irsprnucdGe�i mabattViiscitosa abso­
ltuecleytn rtaohl i wso raksc riatnipdch iloIlontg hpieos stut.moh usly
puibslh17e4d5t hierddi toifho inms a gnuomp uTsh e NSewc ience,
Vicforo mutleaadr eovlutyid oinsacyroo vfae srtiosinhgnp owaenrbd r il­
laincQeu.ei o tnh iosw ,na nd ar aesa cttoiC oaenrts iaabns tractions
aboauhits toarnicdco aenlxt etslcsl eard inascntidtid eVaics o,a rgues
thhautm abnen igsa rhei stocrriecaatuilrnt e hsa t mtahkheesi yty o,or r
whahtec adl" ltehweo rolfd ntahtei "o ns.
Understaonrid neitrnpgnr geh tsiityo rtihse orrepefo ssibolnelb ye ­
cau"smee mna diet s,i"n wcece a knn oown ly wwehh aavtme a d(euj st
aso nylG odk nwosn ature hbeae lcoamnuasede ie) t K.n owloefdtg hee
pastatht c ometsou s tienx hfIroamVl,i scaoyc sa,n onplryo pbeer ly
undsetrofoordm t ehp ionotfv ieowft hmea koefrt hpaats wth,i cihn,
thcea soefa nciewnrti tseurcsh as pHroitmmieivbrea,a,r r biipsco i,ec t.
(IVni cspo r'ivlaectxoeitn h weo r"dp oemteiacnp"sr iimviaetn bda r­
barbiecc aeuasrehl uym abne iscn ogunlodtt h ki ntriaolnyaE.xal)m in­
intgh Heom ereipci fcorsmt hpee rspoefcw thieavnne bd y w hotmh ey
werceo mpoVsiedcr,oeu ftegse neraotfii neotrnpser rewsth oh adas ­
sumetdhb aetc aHuosmeew ra s revheirgser dee apftioh crems u satl so
havbee eanw issea glkeie P laStooc,rs ao,tr Be acoInsn.t eVaidcd oe m­
onstrtahtiaetnis tw si lsdsan newdi ulllsnfsHe om'esmr inwda pso ect,i
anhdi pso eybt ararrbincow,ti soerp hoisloipcth,ah ti sfu,lo lfi lgliocal
fnaatsgyo,d wsh ow eraeynt hibnuggt o ldkiea,n mde nl iAkceh liealsn d
Patrocwlheows e,rm eo sutnc ourtalnyed x rtemepleytu lant.
Thipsr imimteinavitlyetw aVsic og'rse daits croywv,he osien eflnuce
onE uorperamona nitciasnmid tc su olftt h iema ginawtapisro oonuf nd.
Vicaol fsroom ulaatt heedyoo frhs itoriccoahle rtehnsachtewo edh ow
each psehrairioenidd tl sa nguaarmgtee,t, a phlyosgisicccsi,,e l nacwe,,
andr eilgifoaentue rst hawte rceo mmoann adp proptroti ehaiatrp-e
lV
INTRODUC TION
pearapnrcitemie:it v impeorsd upcreii tmikvneo wltehdiagastep rojec­
tioofnt hhea rbmairni-dcfn a tasitmaigceo sfg odbsa soendf ae rg,u ti,l
antde r-raonrd itnth uirsn rgiisveies nstut iiotto nssu cahsm arriage
antdh heu iraolft ehd eatdh parte steehrvh eu marna caen gdi vieat
susitndaeh sitoTrhyep. o eatgioecfg inatasn bda rrbiaainsssu cceeded
by atghoeefh eroaenstd,h salto ewvloyl ivnoett sh aeg oefm enT.h us
humahnsi tyoa rnsdo ecytia rcer eattherdo aul gahb orpirooucosef s s
unofld,id neegvlopmceonrntati,dtc ioann,dm ,o sittn eetrsilnygr,e pre­
sentna.Et aicaohg hea ist osw nm ethoordo ,p tfirocs ,ee inagn tdh en
articulating dreevaellhioitpsys : t hatftoheuu(rgsa h nntPdo ld tau ­tro
ign)t hpee rioofvd i ontllecyo nectrpeo etiimacg etsho rugwhh ich
Homesrp oTkeh.ea goef p oetgriyvw easy att oi mwehe na g reater
degroefae h asctrtaidnor nai tondails cuybr esciovdmioetm inant.
Altlh edseeevl opnmtoesc causar c ycleg otefrhsoa mtp rmiivteti o
advanacnded de geneeprohacstte,h ehna ctkop rmiiitvVei,c saoy sa,c ­
cordtiotn hgme o dciafitiontsh heuo mfa n mindm,a kewasnh di ch
thecnar ne -aemxiinteosw nhs ityofr romt hpeon ito fv ieowft hmea ker.
Thaitts h mea imne tdhoologpioncitfaro Vl ic oa sw elalsfr o A ureahch.
Ino rdteobr e abulneed rtsota ah nudm asnttiiecxo tn,me u sttrt yo do
so iaofsn et hiaesu tohoftr h taetxl vtii,nt gha eut h'orsre iaytl,u ndegro­
intgh kei nodfl eie fxperiietnnnrcsiteiosch s io r lheie,afr n sdo f roth,
alblyt hcaotm ibantioofen ur ditainosdny mpatthhiaytst h hea llkm ar
ofp hliolohgeircmaeelu ntTihcusts.h lei bneet waeceatnleu veandtn s
thmeod icfiatioofn 'soos nw enr eRecmtiinivdbse l rueridn Vaisie to ,i s
int ehn umoeurasu htosr who iRwnueercneeb dy h imlk,ieJ amsJe oyce.
But ptehrihsta rpassg ohirct cionomgfh umaknn owlaedndh gsiteo irys
onoef t huen ersolcvoendt radpietcratiigno inhtnsou mnaisismte ,li fn
whicthhr eo loeft houti gnhr ecocntsittrnhugpe a scta nne itbhee r
exclundoerd squawrheaidt"s r aweliH.teh"ne ct hpeh ra"stehr,ee p re­
sentaotfri eoanli intt hyse"u bttioMt ilmee asnids vtcahliel atiinto hnes
boobke tweleena rannipdne gr siosnniaglh t.
Byt he eaorfl ynt ihptneaee retnc tehny tV uirewoo'krsh abde come
tremendionuRstulietyano lE uropehasint orpioaenntsos,v, ie slatsn,d
phoilgloiss,frt omM icehltae ndCo lertioMd agrxe alnadt,Je ory,c e.
Auerbfasacchi'nsaw tiitVhoio nc'h ssi tcoirsi(ms ommeestc ial"lihesdt or­
is"m)un drwerothseih ermenepuhtiiglcyoaa lnlaod l wleodh itmh us to
reatdes xs tucahst hobsyAe ug utsionreD anfrtoem t hpeo ionfvt i ew of
thaeu t,hw ohrosree latiipto ohn isashg wea asn o rngiaacn di netgral
onek,i nodfs e-lmfaiknwgih titnh ceo ntoeftx htse pc eifidcyn amics of
a
socyi aetat v eyr precmiosmee nitni tdse vpemleonMto.r eover, the
v
INTRODUC TION
relasthiiboepntw etehnre e eard-cirtainctd h tee ixtstr aonmrsefdfor ma
one-iwneatryr toigooafnt hhesi tortiecbxaytal na tlogeatlhiemeri nn d
atam uclhea rtt imietn,o syam patdhieatlioocfgt uweso p iarcirtoss s
ageasn dc utlurwehsoa raeb lteoc ommuniwcihat etaeco ht haesr
fridelnrye,s pescprtiifttyursil n tgou ndersetaaconhtd h er.
Nowi itqs u eio tbvitohusasut c ahna pproraeciqhrua eg sr edaeta l of
eurditailhootnu,gi hit as l sceola trh faottr h Gee rmRaonm anpchei ­
llogoisotfs e tahretl wye ntcieeunrttwyhi h tt hefirorm idatrbalieni inn g
languhasigteoslr,eiy rt,a et,lu arwt,h eoogyl,a ngde necruaullrt em,e re
erudiwtanisoo etnn ouOgbhv.i oyuosculo yu nloddt o t hbea sriecan dgi
if yhodau n omta esrteLdat iGnr,e eHkeb,r ePwr,o nvr;eaIlat,l ian,
Fernch,S paanndii nas dhd ittoiG oenr maanndE n gilsNho.rc ould
yoiuyf o dui ndo ktn otwh tear ditmiaoincnsa ,n onaiuctrahsplo,ol ist,i c
isnttiitouannscd,u t luroefs ttihmeae sw, e ]a]so ,fc our�snoe ft, h eir
inetrconnaerctAts pe.hid l ol'otrsga iinsihtnagtd o t akmea nyye aarls­,
thougAhu rebianc cha'shseeg ivoense attthcrteai ivmerp esstihohanet
was ihnu rtnryogo e tw iohnti tH.el anddh eifisr ascta detmaeicch ing
jbow itach h aaittr h Ueni verosfMi atryb uirng tihwsa tsh ree sult
1929;
ofhs iD anebt ook, iwnsh oimcweha yIst ,ihk n,ih si s emcxoisttai nndg
inetnsweo rBku.it n a ddittoil oenaig rna nnsdt utdhyhe,ea rto ft he
heremneuteinectraplrw iassfero,t hsec holdaerv,e oltvooetp rh y ee ars
av erpya rtikciunoldfsa yrm pattohwyat redxf otrsmd ieffrepnetr iods
anddi ffecrueulnrtteF so.arG ermwahno sspeie acylw atRso manlc­iet
erattuhrsieys m pattohooykn aalnom sitd eoclaoclga isgti,v tehna t
thehraebd e enl onpge rioofhd si troiceanlmy ib tetwePernu sasnida
a
Farncteh,me o spto werfauncldo mpetoifit tnisev ieog rhasbn adtn ago­
nitss.a s epciailnRi omsatn cleau naggtehsGe,e rmsacnh ohlaaadr
As
choieciett hoee rni lstb eohnoa flP fur ssniaatni on(aaAlsui esrcmbh a
diadsa s olddiuerrit nhFgeri sWtor lWdar )a nd to" tshetenu edmyy "
witsihkl alni dsn igahsatp aorftt hceo tninuwiaenrffg o orrta, sw atseh
caswei tthh e poAsutewrabaran cdsh o moefh ipse etroso ,v ercome
beilcloasniwdtyh awte ncoaw"] t]h cel aosfch i ivazitolinsw"i tawh e l­
comni.gh ospiatttatuibdleoef h uamnistkinco wleddegsei gtnore ed­
ailgwna irnrcgut lurienasr elasthiioopfmn uutalaintyrd e pcriocity.
Theo thpearor ftt hGee rmRaonm anpchoeil losgtci'osm tmmeintto
FrnechI,t alainadSn pa,n igsehn eraanltdlo Fy er ncihnp atcriurli as
specilfieicrtaalTrlhyyeh. s i tortirjccaeoatrlty h iatsth sep ionfMe i mesis
itsh e paforsmst ahgseee paroafst tiyoilnnce lsa sasniitcqiauttlyot ,e h ir
mingliintn hNgee wT estamtet,hn efiirrgs rte caltai xmi nD anet'Dsi ­
vinCeo medayn,td h euilrt eia mpaotthieno sFtierhsne c rhel saitaiuc-
V I
INTRODUCT ION
thoorfts h nei tneeenctehny t uS-rtdehanlB,a lcz,Faa luberatn,td h en
ProuTshter. e prnetsaetoifro eniay til Asu erbatchhe'msseoh , eh atdo
makaej dugmeanstt o w heareni dn w haltti eraitwtua rmseo satb ly
repre.sI entn ht"eeEp diglomeenhae"e xlpaitnhsa tm o"spiten rd isto he
Romanlceiert ataurrmeeo sr ree prnetsaeet ioEvfur poet haanr, ef ro
exmaplteh,Ge e mranI.n ttwheel aftnhdt hirtceeennttuFhrr iaensc e
tooukn uqestiotnhalebe laydr iloneig;n t hfeuo retenatnhdfi fteenth
ceunrtiIeatslt yo oko v;iei trft le alag itnoF rnacien t hsee veeenntth,
reamiendt hearleds uoir ntgh geer atpearor ftt eh e igehetnptarht,sl tyi ll
int hneni eetnetahn,pd r ecfirost ehley oarniddge ivne loopfmm oedn­t
errne iasl(mj suta sf opra nitnig") (750).It ihnAku erbsaccashtn hte
subnsttiEaanlgi lscho rniutbtiionan l tlh ipse,rh aab plsdi s npoitnh is
visAiuoenr.b gaoceohsnt oafi frtmh tahte jsdueg mesdn etrniovfteor m
aveirotsnoG ermcaunul rtbeu rta tfhoremra s esneo fr egtrheGatet r ­
manlt ierea" teuxrpr.es.cse.erd t laiiiamtnt ioofon usot olik n. .th.e
nnieteecnetnyht" u( 7r51)As .w es hlaslo osne c,d oheneso stp ecify
whatth owseera esh eh addo nient hbeo doyfM imesbiusat,d dtsh at
"ofrp leaasdnur reel axhaets iltpolirn ee"rf rsae diGnoge tShtei,fta end r,
Kellreart thheartn h Fer enacuhhto rhses tudgioeison,ng c ef raa sa s
sayaifntgare er markaanballoeyfB s aiusld aeeit rhhaetd indo ltki eh im
ata l(5l17 ).
FoErn gilsrhe adteordswa hyo a ssocGiemaratnepy rn icipwaihlt ly
horrencdroiumaseg sa ihnumsatn yi atdn wiht NatioSnoacllsii ma
(wihcAhu erbcaicrmhcs upecatluldlyet so setvmieersia nMl i mesis),
thterd aitoifoh ne rmenepuhtiiglcyoea lmlob odbiyeA ude rbaacsah
Romanscpceei iasiltd teienfist wjos uta sa utheanstpieoccfc t lsa ssical
Genncanuu lrteis:tm ethodogleongeiyrca oadnsl,wi htamtig hts eem
lkiea c otnrcatdiiiostne x,t raaorarytd tiennttoti ehom nin utleo,cd ael­
tiaolf o thceurul rteasn lda unaggTehse.g reparto geannicdtl oarr ifier
oft heixst recmaeotllhyii dcne,e adml osatlr tui,sa tttiictiuGsdo ee t,h e
whoi n dtehcea adftee1 r8 1b0e cafmsaecn iatweidht Islgaemn erally
andw iht Pesriapnor eyti np atricru.Tl haiwsa st hpere ido when he
compohsiefisdn easntmd o sitn taitlmevo ep oreytt,h Wee stl-iOcshter
Diwna( 8191)fi,n diinntg hw eo rokft hger ePaetir aspno eHtafi za nidn
thvee rosfte hsKe o rnaonot n lany e wl yrisinpci raalotwliionhngi tmo
expraer sesak weanseedn osfpe h ysliocvbaeul t ,h esa asii ndal etttoe r
higso ofdir enZde itade iros,vc eorfhy o wi,nt haeb sosluubtsmeisi otno
Godh,ef lehtmi seltfob eo scilbleattwitenwegwon o r ldhsio,sw na nd
thaotft he iMmub seillevwehro wmailsee sv,e wno rladwsaf yor m
EuropWeeiamanr D.u ritnhg1e 80 2St hoesaeir eltroh ughctasr rhiiemd
VII