Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies from Photonic Bandgap Devices to Antenna and Applications

478 Pages·2010·20.16 MB·English

by  Igor Minin

I
Microwave and Millimeter Wave
Technologies: from Photonic Bandgap
Devices to Antenna and Applications

Microwave and Millimeter Wave
Technologies: from Photonic Bandgap
Devices to Antenna and Applications
Edited by
Prof. Igor Minin
In-Tech
intechweb.org
Published by In-Teh
In-Teh
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First published March 2010
Printed in India
Technical Editor: Sonja Mujacic
Cover designed by Dino Smrekar
Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies: from Photonic
Bandgap Devices to Antenna and Applications,
Edited by Prof. Igor Minin
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-7619-66-4
V
Preface
This book deal with the modern developing of microwave and millimeter wave technologies.
The first chapter is aimed at describing the evolution of technological processes for the design
of passive functions in millimetre-wave frequency range. From the results HR SOI seems to
be a good candidate in the coming year to address both low cost and low power mass market
CMOS digital and RF/ MMW applications.
Materials that exhibit negative index (NI) of refraction have several potential applications
in microwave technology. Examples include enhanced transmission line capability, power
enhancement/size reduction in antenna applications and, in the field of nondestructive
testing, improved sensitivity of patch sensors and detection of sub-wavelength defects in
dielectrics by utilizing a NI superlens. The next two chapters explains the physics underlying
the design of purely dielectric NI metamaterials and will discuss some ways in which these
materials may be used to enhance various microwave technologies.
There are two main reasons to want to have information for the actual anisotropy of a substrate
– to control the technology (necessary for the manufacturers) and to conduct more realistic
simulations of the structures, containing anisotropic materials (necessary for the users). The
3rd chapter represented the increasing importance of the material’s anisotropy in the modern
design and the possibilities for accurate determination of this characteristic by waveguide
and resonance methods.
Wave propagation in suppositional material was first analyzed by Victor Vesalago in 1968.
Suppositional material is characterised by negative permittivity and negative permeability
material properties. Under these conditions, phase velocity propagates in opposite direction
to group velocity. Since then, these electrical structures have been studied extensively and are
referred to as meta-material structures. In the 4th chapter the authors analyze meta-material
concepts using transmission line theory proposed by Caloz and Itho and propose effective
materials for realising these concepts. They propose a novel NPLH (Near Pure Left Handed)
transmission line concept to reduce RH (Right Handed) characteristics and realize compact
small antenna designs using meta-material concepts and the possibility of realising negative
permittivity using EM shielding of concrete block is considered.
The basic theory of microwave filters, to describe how to design practical microwave filters,
and to investigate ways of implementing high performance filters for modern communication
systems are given in the 5th chapter.
And the 6th chapter covered filters made using different technologies including active devices,
MEMS, ferroelectric and ferromagnetic materials. Filters involving combined technologies
VI
were covered; and also the traditional tuning using mechanically adjustable screws was
discussed.
The 7th chapter present several key points in materials optimization, capacitor structure, and
device designs that Georgia Institute of Technology and nGimat have focused on in the last
few years.
In the 8th chapter summarizes the current status of the MOSFET´s for very high frequency
applications.
The potential of high permittivity dielectric materials for local capacitive loading of microstrip
components has been demonstrated in the 9th Chapter. The designs of miniature microstrip
resonators, filters, and antennas with local high-permittivity dielectric loading have been
developed, and the prototypes have been fabricated by using the LTCC technology that
allowed for coprocessing different ceramic materials in multilayer and planar architecture.
Three types of microstrip-to-waveguide transitions are presented in the 10th chapter. One is a
transition with a short-circuited waveguide which is quite broadband such that bandwidth of
reflection below −20 dB is 24.9 GHz (32.5 %). Others two are a planar transition in multi-layer
and single-layer substrate substrates.
The original reflector antenna design with the cylindrical monopole antenna as a sub-reflector
for application in radio monitoring for information protection has been presented in 11
chapter.
In the 12 chapter present a brief coverage of both established and emerging techniques in
materials characterization.
The 802.11 a/b/g FEM with PAM was composed of a SPDT switch, a Rx diplexer, two Rx
BPFs, a Tx diplexer, two Tx LPFs, two matching circuits, and a dual-band PAM and discussed
in the 13 chapter.
In simple terms, a millimeter-wave imaging sensor is a camera that uses millimeter waves.
The authors in the 14th chapter reviewed imaging sensors using the millimeter-wave band.
But to my regret the authors searched publications mainly on International Microwave
Symposium and did not survey papers on SPIE and others sources. So the good review is not
full, for example, Table 2 could be added by the results from [1] and so on.
The authors in the chapter 15 describe and exemplify from many fractals applications one
possible use, fractal antenna for terrestrial vehicles.
In order to protect the antenna from various environments, dielectric radome is usually
covered in front of the antenna. The authors in the chapter 16 mainly focus on the analysis
and optimal design of the radome in millimeter wave band. But it could be noted that in some
of case with help of 3D diffractive optics it is possible to design a millimeter-wave antenna
without special radome [2].
Additional, in the chapter 17 the authors described the design scheme for multibeam dielectric
lens antennas that well balances the conflicting aims of high gain and low sidelobe level. The
scheme is based on pareto-GA and lens shape is associated with GA chromosomes.
In the chapter 18 investigated several structures in order to find the main geometrical
parameters able to improve performances of a PBG based particle accelerator. All the
VII
simulations reveal good performances for a structure based on dielectric rods and a suitable
number of grating periods.
In the last chapter, specific millimeter-wave features of the Fabry-Perot resonator are
discussed.
It is expected the book will attract more interest in microwave and millimeter wave
technologies and simulate new ideas on this fascinating subject.
References:
1. O.V.Minin and I.V.Minin. Diffractive optics of millimeter waves. IOP Publisher, Bristol and
Philadelphia, 2004, 396p. ISBN 0-7503-0907-5
2. I.V.Minin and O.V.Minin. Three Dimensional Fresnel Antennas. In: Advances on Antennas,
Reflectors and Beam Control, Research Signpost, Kerala, INDIA, 2005, pp. 113-148. ISBN 81-
308-0067-5
Prof. Igor Minin
Novosibirsk State Technical University
Russia
[email protected]
VIII
IX
Contents
Preface V
1. Trend on Silicon Technologies for Millimetre-Wave Applications up to 220 GHz 001
Gaëtan Prigent, Thanh Mai Vu, Eric Rius and Robert Plana
2. Integrated Silicon Microwave and Millimeterwave Passive
Components and Functions 031
Philippe Benech, Jean-Marc Duchamp, Philippe Ferrari, Darine Kaddour,
Emmanuel Pistono, Tan Phu Vuong, Pascal Xavier and
Christophe Hoarauand Jean-Daniel Arnould
3. Negative Refractive Index Composite Metamaterials for Microwave Technology 055
Nicola Bowler
4. Dielectric Anisotropy of Modern Microwave Substrates 075
Plamen I. Dankov
5. Application of meta-material concepts 103
Ho-Yong Kim and Hong-Min Lee
6. Microwave Filters 133
Jiafeng Zhou
7. Reconfigurable Microwave Filters 159
Ignacio Llamas-Garro and Zabdiel Brito-Brito
8. Electronically Tunable Ferroelectric Devices for Microwave Applications 185
Stanis Courrèges1, Zhiyong Zhao2, Kwang Choi2, Andrew Hunt2
and John Papapolymerou1
9. Advanced RF MOSFET´s for microwave and millimeter wave applications: RF
characterization issues 205
Julio C. Tinoco and Jean-Pierre Raskin
10. Development of Miniature Microwave Components by Using
High Contrast Dielectrics 231
Elena Semouchkina
11. Broadband and Planar Microstrip-to-waveguide Transitions 257
Kunio Sakakibara
X
12. Microwave and Millimeter Wave TechnologiesA New X-Band
Mobile Direction Finder 273
Sergey Radionov, Igor Ivanchenko, Maksym Khruslov, Aleksey Korolev and Nina Popenko
13. Characterization techniques for materials’ properties measurement 289
Hussein KASSEM, Valérie VIGNERAS and Guillaume LUNET
14. Implementation of the Front-End-Module with a Power Amplifier for Wireless LAN 315
Jong-In Ryu, Dongsu Kim and Jun-Chul Kim
15. Millimeter-wave Imaging Sensor 331
Masaru Sato and Koji Mizuno
16. Fractal Antenna Applications 351
Mircea V. Rusu and Roman Baican
17. Analysis and Design of Radome in Millimeter Wave Band 383
Hongfu Meng and Wenbin Dou
18. Design of dielectric lens antennas by multi-objective optimization 405
Yoshihiko Kuwahara and Takashi Maruyama
19. Modelling and Design of Photonic Bandgap Devices: a Microwave
Accelerating Cavity for Cancer Hadrontherapy 431
Roberto Marani and Anna Gina Perri
20. Specific Millimeter-Wave Features of Fabry-Perot Resonator for
Spectroscopic Measurements 451
Petr Piksa, Stanislav Zvánovec and, Petr Černý