Micro/Nano Technology Systems for Biomedical Applications: Microfluidics, Optics, and Surface Chemistry

471 Pages·2010·5.38 MB·English

Micro/Nano Technology Systems
for Biomedical Applications
This page intentionally left blank
Micro/Nano Technology Systems
for Biomedical Applications
Microfluidics, Optics, and
Surface Chemistry
Edited by
Chih-Ming Ho
Henry Samueli School of Engineering
and Applied Science, UCLA
1
3
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ISBN978{0{19{921969{8
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CONTENTS
ListofContributors vii
1 Intersectionsbetweenmicro/nanotechnologiesand
biologicalsciences 1
Chih-MingHo
2 Micro/nanofluidicprocesses 33
PatrickTabelingandYi-KuenLee
3 Numericalsimulationofmicroflowsandnanoflows 53
NarayanR.AluruandGeorgeEmKarniadakis
4 Pressure-drivenmicrofluidics 121
ScottMiserendinoandYu-ChongTai
5 Electrokineticsofparticlesandfluids 196
HywelMorgan,NicolasG.Green,andTaoSun
6 EWODdropletmicrofluidicdevicesusingprintedcircuit
boardfabrication 232
Chang-Jin‘CJ’KimandJianGong
7 Microparticlevelocimetry 266
CarlD.MeinhartandStevenT.Wereley
8 Near-fieldopticalandplasmonicimaging 298
YuanWangandXiangZhang
9 Optoelectronictweezers 317
EricP.Y.ChiouandMingC.Wu
10 Nanobiosensors 346
Tza-HueiWang,KelvinLiu,Hsin-ChihYeh,
andChristopherM.Puleo
11 Surfacemolecularpropertycontrol 395
RobinL.GarrellandHeatherD.Maynard
Index 437
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors are indebted to their students/post-docs and colleagues who have
madethisbookpossible.Wealsothankthefollowinggroupsfortheircontinuous
support:NIH(US),NSF(US),DARPA(US),NASA(US),EPSRC(UK),CNRS
(France), ESPCI (France) and Hong Kong-France PROCORE Program (China
andFrance).
RoyaltiesfromthisbookhavebeendonatedtoSavetheChildren
(http://www.SavetheChildren.org).
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
NarayanR.Aluru 38{137JEngineeringIVBuilding
DepartmentofMechanicalScienceand LosAngeles,CA90095{1597
Engineering
3265BeckmanInstitute,MC-251 GeorgeEmKarniadakis
405NorthMathewsAvenue DivisionofAppliedMathematics
UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana- BoxF
Champaign BrownUniversity
Urbana,IL61801 Providence,RI02912
Chang-Jin‘CJ’Kim
EricP.Y.Chiou
MechanicalandAerospaceEngineering
MechanicalandAerospaceEngineering
UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles
UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles
420WestwoodPlaza
420WestwoodPlaza
37{134EngineeringIVBuilding
37{138EngineeringIVBuilding
LosAngeles,CA90095{1597
LosAngeles,CA90095{1597
Yi-KuenLee
RobinL.Garrell
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering
UCLADepartmentofChemistryand
HongKongUniversityofScienceand
Biochemistry
Technology
4077YoungHall
ClearWaterBay
LosAngeles,CA90095{1569
Kowloon,HongKong
China
JianGong
UCLAMechanicalandEngineering KelvinLiu
Department DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering
420WestwoodPlaza andBiomedicalEngineering
LosAngeles,CA90095{1597 JohnsHopkinsUniversity
108Latrobe,3400NorthCharlesStreet
NicolasG.Green
SchoolofElectronicsandComputer HeatherD.Maynard
Science UCLADepartmentofChemistryand
UniversityofSouthampton Biochemistry
Southampton,SO171BJ 4505BMolecularSciencesBuilding
UnitedKingdom LosAngeles,CA90095-1569
Chih-MingHo CarlD.Meinhart
MechanicalandAerospaceDepartment DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering
UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles UniversityofCalifornia
420WestwoodPlaza SantaBarbara,CA93106
viii ListofContributors
ScottMiserendino YuanWang
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering MechanicalEngineeringDepartment
CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology UniversityofCalifornia
Pasadena,CA91125 5130EtcheverryHall
Berkeley,CA94720{1740
HywelMorgan
SchoolofElectronicsandComputer StevenT.Wereley
Science SchoolofMechanicalEngineering
UniversityofSouthampton PurdueUniversity
Southampton,SO171BJ 585PurdueMall
UnitedKingdom WestLafayette,IN47907{2088
ChristopherM.Puleo Tza-HueiWang
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering
andBiomedicalEngineering andBiomedicalEngineering
JohnsHopkinsUniversity JohnsHopkinsUniversity
108Latrobe,3400NorthCharlesStreet 108Latrobe,3400NorthCharlesStreet
Baltimore,MD21218 Baltimore,MD21218
TaoSun MingC.Wu
SchoolofElectronicsandComputer EECSDepartment
Science 261MCoryHall
UniversityofSouthampton Berkeley,CA94720-1740
Southampton,SO171BJ
UnitedKingdom Hsin-ChihYeh
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering
PatrickTabeling andBiomedicalEngineering
MMN-LPS,ESPCI JohnsHopkinsUniversity
10rueVauquelin 108Latrobe,3400NorthCharlesStreet
75231Paris,France Baltimore,MD21218
Yu-ChongTai XiangZhang
DepartmentofElectricalEngineering MechanicalEngineeringDepartment
CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology UniversityofCalifornia
MailCode116{81 5130EtcheverryHall
Pasadena,CA91125 Berkeley,CA94720{1740
1
INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN MICRO/NANO
TECHNOLOGIES AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Chih-Ming Ho
Thehumanbodyismeasuredonalengthscaleofmeters,whichissixtonineorders
of magnitude larger than its micro/nano scale building blocks, e.g. nucleic acids,
proteins,andcells.Throughtheorchestratedmanagementofvastarraysofnano-
scalefunctionalmoleculesthatareregulatedbygeneticinformation,cellsemerge
as a fundamental system for the organization of life. The nano-sized cellular
componentsself-assembleintocellsystemsofincrediblecomplexity,characterized
bymultiplelayersofincreasinglymoresophisticatedfunctionality.Then,perhaps
even more amazing, is the fact that through local communication between indi-
vidualcells,theinformationpassedinitiatestheirself-organizationintoeverlarger
macro-scale systems with functions that transcend its smaller scale building
blocks. Cells form tissues, which assemble into organs and then arrange into
physiological systems, resulting in a higher level organism. At each stage, the
length scale increases and thereby the governing mechanisms of the emerged
systembecomemorecomplex.
Theultimategoalofdevelopingtechnologies,suchasmicro/nanoelectronics,
micromachine,orbiotechnologydevices,istoenrichhumanlives.Themicro/nano
technologies provide transducers with dimensions comparable to that of cells or
bio-molecules. This capability offers unprecedented opportunities to explore the
world insmallscales.Yet linking the experimentalfindings from the micro/nano
scaletothemacroscalehasmanychallenges.
1.1 Lengthscale
1.1.1 Matchingoflengthscales|afundamentalrequirement
forefficienttransduction
Thewavelengthofvisiblelightisabouthalfamicron,whichissimilarinsizetothe
majority of biological components. The invention of the optical microscope en-
abled the viewing of cells and intra cellular components with a spatial resolution
largerthan0.2microns.Withtheabilitytoseelivingcells,biologicalresearchhas
improved dramatically. In addition to viewing the subject, changing the relative
position between particle/cell and its embedded fluid is a commonly required
procedure in biological research. Further, efficiently exchanging momentum or
size matching between the particles and the transducer are, again, necessary