Micromorphological studies of Carex section mitratae (Cyperaceae) in Turkey

8 Pages·1997·2.8 MB·English

by  A Olgun

RHODORA,
Vol. 99, No. 900, 368-375, 1997
pp.
MICROMORPHOLOGICAL
STUDIES OF CAREX SECTION
MITRATAE (CYPERACEAE) TURKEY
IN
Arzu Olgun and Osman
Beyazoglu
;niz Technical University, Faculty of Art and
5
Department
of Biology, 61080, Trabzon, Turkt
abstract. Scanning electron microscopy was used examine achene
to
epidermal
features in species of Carex section Mitratae and
the allied section
Acrocystis found Members
Turkey.
in of section Mitratae share a particular
achene
phenotype. Micromorphological
characters appear to be conservative,
show
and
between
little variation species of section Mitratae. Comparative
data of achene micromorphology
support the placement of tomentosa with-
C.
in section Acrocystis.
Words SEM
Carex,
Mitratae, Cyperaceae,
systematics, achene,
Carex
section Mitratae
Kiik. has comprised three taxa Tur-
in
umbrosa
key:
C. subsp. huetiana, and
C. caryophyllea, C. de-
pressa One
subsp. was
transsilvanica. species recognized within
section Acrocystis Dumort. [= Montanae
(Fries) Carey]: C. to-
mentosa
(Nilsson These
1985). sections {Mitratae and Acrocystis)
have been combined
one Onkerma
into
unit, as section (Rafin)
Krecz.
(Kreczetovicz
1935). Chater and
(1980) Nilsson (1985)
outlined
several morphological
features that distinguish the spe-
cies of section Mitratae. Members of Carex section Mitratae are
distinguished from
taxa in other sections of Carex by achenes
with
annular, whitish
apical
discs.
Achene
epidermis
many
characters have been
used studies
in
on Carex taxonomy
both
at the specific and the sectional levels
(Crins and Ball 1988; Menapace and Wujek Mena-
1985, 1987;
pace
et 1986; Rettig
al. 1986, 1990; Salo Standley
1994;
et
al.
1985, 1987a,
b, 1990; Tallent and Wujek Toivonen and
1983;
Timonen
Waterway
1976; Wujek
1990; and Menapace
1986).
Usually
these characters have
provided
delim-
criteria useful for
of
itation taxa various They
at levels. have been used for
also
distinguishing
species within
critical groups (Rettig 1990; Stan-
dley 1987a, However,
b). studies on
taxa within the C. crinita
complex
(Bruederle
et al. 989) and the complex (Salo
1 C. ftava
et 1994) indicated achene
al. that micromorphology was not use-
ful in distinguishing taxa because of amount of
the considerable
368
—
Olgun
and Beyazoglu Carex
1997] section Mitratae 369
SEM
Table Collection data for Carex species used for observations
1
.
Section Mitratae
umbrosa
C. Host, subsp. huetiana Boiss.
rize: Ka?kar, Olgun 58; Cimil, Olgun 63; trabzon: Solma
y.,
Olgun
Olgun
83; £akilgol, 85.
C. caryophyllea Latourr.
rize: Ballikoy, Olgun 15; Ovit, Olgun 57; Cimil, Olgun 64.
C. depressa Link, subsp. transsilvanica Schur.
KTU
trabzon: Siimela, Olgun Kampus, Olgun
2; 11; rize:
Ballikoy, Olgun 16; Cimil, Olgun 74.
Section Acrocystis
tomentosa
C. L.
trabzon: Zingana, Olgun Kiremithaneler, Olgun 13; Erikbeli,
9;
Olgun
76.
on Heleonastes
variation within species. Studies the sections (Toi-
vonen and Timonen (Wujek and Menapace
1976), Folliculatae
1986) and Lupulinae (Menapace 1986) illustrated that
et
al.
achene micromorphology may more from one
differ drastically
section to another than from species to species. In other studies,
was found be
variation within well-defined sections to as great
Wujek
between (Menapace and 1985; Rettig
as variation sections
Waterway
1986; 1990). Salo et (1994) indicated that the utility
al.
of achene epidermis characters as a basis of taxonomic decisions
of Carex.
varies greatly in the different sections
In the present work, achene micromorphology of section Mi-
SEM
was examined by and Carex tomentosa (from the
tratae
was used comparison.
related section Acrocystis) for
AND METHODS
MATERIALS
Carex
of
mature achenes of species
Perigynia containing all
from herbarium
were taken
sections Mitratae and Acrocystis
specimens Karadeniz Technical University Her-
deposited the
at
Three
examined
SEM
ble
1.
mixture of concentrated
Achenes were with a 9 (v/v)
treated
1
:
cleaner
and sonicated in ultrasonic
anhydride
sulfuric acid: acetic
Wujek
and
for 2 hours remove the outer cell walls (Tallent
to to
1
were
Timonen Dried achenes sputter
Toivonen and 1976).
1983;
370
Rhodora
99
[Vol.
coated with 200 JSM
SEM. Udd
6400
Micrograph
ma
and
anticlinal walls the silica deposits follows Rettig (1990).
AND
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
taxa
throu
Mitratae
share a particular achene micro
rphology
ryophyll
C
and
depressa
subsp. transsilvanica have convex
silicon plat-
forms
with round
corners and honeycombed
anticlinal walls.
These
characters were
constant
for all cells of achenes of these
species.
Carex
caryophyllea
(Figure and depressa
1) C. subsp. trans-
silvanica (Figure 2) are different from umbrosa
C. subsp. hueti-
ana
based on
the presence of a silicon body. The achene of
cells
caryophyllea and
C. depressa
C. subsp. transsilvanica always
have one
silicon body, while the of umbrosa
cells C. typically
sometimes
body
icon
(Figure
5).
iphology
is in contrast to species of
section Mitratae
Furthermore,
the silicon platforms
sharp
variation micromorphological
in
variation
Achene
Mitratae, micromorphology
n Mitratae
characterized
is
mav
characters
nr<
rather than
to distinguish species. Epidermal of Carex
features
Mi
These
tratae. examples
illustrate the correspondence between
achene
epidermal
and
features
sectional classifications of the spe-
examined. Our
cies
observations
are concordant with
classifica-
tions of these species
at the sectional level (Chater 1980; Nilsson
However, honeycomb
1985).
the been
anticlinal wall structure has
on
reported achene Dewey
the cells of C. emmonsii ex Torrey
muhlenbergii
var. Gray)
(A. Rettig from Acrocystis
section
J.
—
Olgun
and Beyazoglu Carex
1997] section Mitratae 371
SEM caryophyl-
Figures photographs of Carex achenes. (top) C.
1-2. 1.
=
Scale bar 10 jxm.
lea (bottom) depressa subsp. transsilvanica.
2. C.
372
Rhodora
[Vol. 99
SEM
Figures
3-4. photographs
of Carex umbrosa huetiana
subsp.
=
achenes. Scale bar 10
u,m.
—
Olgun
and Beyazoglu Carex
1997] section Mitratae 373
umbrosa
SEM
Carex achenes. (top) C.
Figures 5-6. photographs of 5.
=
Scale bar 10 \im.
subsp. huetiana (bottom) C. tomentosa.
6.
374
Rhodora
99
[Vol.
This
1990). similarity
relationship betweei
>e
acknowledgments.
This study was supported by Re-
the
We
Karadeniz
Technical
University.
Kukkonen
Ilkka
for confirming our
d«
mination
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