Table Of ContentMicrobial Endocrinology
Mark Lyte Primrose P.E. Freestone
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Editors
Microbial Endocrinology
Interkingdom Signaling in Infectious
Disease and Health
Editors
Mark Lyte Primrose P.E. Freestone
Texas Tech University Department of Infection, Immunity
Health Sciences Center and Inflammation
Lubbock, TX University of Leicester School of Medicine
USA Leicester
[email protected] UK
[email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4419-5575-3 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-5576-0
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-5576-0
Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2010922891
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About the Editors
Prof. Mark Lyte, Ph.D., M.S., MT(ASCP) is a Professor in the Department of
Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and adjunct Professor in the Departments
of Internal Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine of
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center. Professor Lyte obtained his Ph.D.
and M.S. degrees from the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. His undergradu-
ate degree in the clinical laboratory sciences and work as a board-certified medical
technologist in the hospital setting have influenced his translational approach
throughout his career. Early work investigating the ability of stress to modulate
immunity during infection led Professor Lyte to examine the role of bacterial rec-
ognition of stress-related neuroendocrine hormones in the infective process. This
research ultimately led him in 1992 to establish the field of microbial endocrinol-
ogy. In addition to having served on scientific review panels for the National
Institutes of Health and other worldwide agencies, Professor Lyte has been awarded
the Joseph Susman Memorial Award for Surgical Infectious Disease Research by
the Surgical Infection Society and was named a finalist for the NIH Director’s
Pioneer Award.
Dr. Primrose Freestone, B.Sc. (Hons), Ph.D., PGCE is a Lecturer in Clinical
Microbiology, in the Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, School
of Medicine, University of Leicester. She has been a close collaborator of Professor
Mark Lyte for over 10 years and is a foundation contributor in the field of microbial
endocrinology. A microbial biochemist by training, Dr Freestone was the first to
identify tyrosine phosphorylation as a regulatory mechanism in bacteria, and to
elucidate the mechanisms by which stress hormones induce bacterial growth. She
is also a highly active inventor in the fields of microbial diagnostics and dietary
bioactives and has been holder of several prestigious Fellowships to develop entre-
preneurial activities in the area of life science biotechnology.
v
ML would like to dedicate the book to his
wife Phyllis who has supported him through
this journey since the first day and to his
two sons, Joshua and Jeremy, for their
dedication to acquiring knowledge.
PF would like to dedicate her part of the
book to her family. In particular, her aunt
Betty, cousin Wendy, and above all, her
mother, Rosie, to whom she owes a great
debt of gratitude for her love, support and
her tasty and no prompting supply of snacks
when working late!
Preface
Microbial endocrinology represents a newly emerging interdisciplinary field that is
formed by the intersection of the fields of neurobiology and microbiology. It is the
intent of this book to introduce a new perspective to the current understanding not
only of the factors that mediate the ability of microbes to cause disease, but also of
the mechanisms that maintain normal homeostasis. The discovery that microbes
can both synthesize and directly respond to neuroendocrine hormones provides for
a new framework with which to investigate how microorganisms interface not only
with vertebrates, but also with invertebrates and even plants. As illustrated by the
breadth of expertise of the contributors, the reader will learn that the neuroendo-
crine hormones that one most commonly associates with mammals, are actually
found throughout the plant, insect and microbial communities to an extent that will
undoubtedly surprise many, and most importantly, highlight how interactions
between microbes and neuroendocrine hormones can influence the pathophysiol-
ogy of infectious disease. This book will lead its readers through a journey to the
rather startling realization that through eons of residence within our bodies, bacteria
have evolved what appear to be specific detection systems for our neuroendocrine
hormones, and that they not only seem to be able to “sense” when we are stressed,
but also to utilize and effectively co-op products of our neurophysiological response
to stress for their own usage.
It was in 1992 that one of us (ML) gave the first talk on the subject of neuroen-
docrine–bacterial interactions at that year’s annual meeting of the American Society
for Microbiology General Meeting in New Orleans to an audience of only two people
(and one was ML’s technician). That over the succeeding years the concept of micro-
bial endocrinology met with much skepticism is an understatement. However, it was
25 years later from that first talk, in 2007, that both of us were pleased to act as orga-
nizers of the first American Society of Microbiology microbial endocrinology sym-
posium that was held during the 2007 annual society meeting in Toronto. Thankfully,
the wheel of scientific skepticism has now come full circle, and we are very pleased
to be able to present the very first book on microbial endocrinology.
Lubbock, TX Prof. Mark Lyte
Leicester, UK Dr. Primrose P.E. Freestone
February 2010
ix
Contents
1 Microbial Endocrinology: A Personal Journey ....................................... 1
Mark Lyte
2 Evolutionary Considerations of Neurotransmitters
in Microbial, Plant, and Animal Cells ..................................................... 17
Victoria V. Roshchina
3 Mechanisms by Which Catecholamines Induce Growth
in Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Human Pathogens .................... 53
Primrose P.E. Freestone and Sara Sandrini
4 Dietary Catechols and their Relationship
to Microbial Endocrinology ..................................................................... 69
Neil Shearer and Nicholas J. Walton
5 Interactions Between Bacteria and the Gut Mucosa:
Do Enteric Neurotransmitters Acting on the Mucosal
Epithelium Influence Intestinal Colonization or Infection?.................. 89
Benedict T. Green and David R. Brown
6 Modulation of the Interaction of Enteric Bacteria
with Intestinal Mucosa by Stress-Related Catecholamines................... 111
Mark P. Stevens
7 The Role of Microbial Endocrinology in Periodontal Disease .............. 135
Anthony Roberts
8 Staphylococci, Catecholamine Inotropes
and Hospital-Acquired Infections ........................................................... 151
Primrose P.E. Freestone, Noura Al-Dayan, and Mark Lyte
xi
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9 The Microbial Endocrinology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ............... 167
John C. Alverdy, Kathleen Romanowski, Olga Zaborina,
and Alexander Zaborin
10 Mechanisms of Stress-Mediated Modulation of Upper
and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ............................................... 181
Cordula M. Stover
11 Psychological Stress, Immunity, and the Effects
on Indigenous Microflora ....................................................................... 191
Michael T. Bailey
12 The Epinephrine/Norepinephrine/Autoinducer-3
Interkingdom Signaling System
in Escherichia coli O157:H7 ................................................................... 213
Cristiano G. Moreira and Vanessa Sperandio
13 Molecular Profiling: Catecholamine Modulation
of Gene Expression in Enteropathogenic Bacteria .............................. 229
Bradley L. Bearson and Scot E. Dowd
14 Microbial Signaling Compounds as Endocrine Effectors ................... 243
Aruna Jahoor, Simon Williams, and Kendra Rumbaugh
15 Mycologic Endocrinology ....................................................................... 269
Karl V. Clemons, Jata Shankar, and David A. Stevens
16 Experimental Design Considerations for In Vitro
Microbial Endocrinology Investigations ............................................... 291
Richard D. Haigh
Index ................................................................................................................. 309
Contributors
Noura Al-Dayan
Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation
University of Leicester, School of Medicine
University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
[email protected]
Dr. John C. Alverdy
Professor, Director, Minimally Invasive/Bariatric Surgery,
Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, 5841
South Maryland Avenue, MC 6090, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
[email protected]
Dr. Michael T. Bailey
Division of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University,
4161 Postle Hall, 305 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
[email protected]
Dr. Bradley L. Bearson
USDA-ARS-National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment,
Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, 2110 University Drive,
NSRIC-2103, Ames, IA 50011-3310, USA
[email protected]
Prof. David R. Brown
Professor, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences,
University of Minnesota, 295 Animal Science/ Veterinary Medicine,
1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108-6010, USA
[email protected]
Dr. Karl V. Clemons
California Institute for Medical Research, 2260 Clove Drive, San Jose,
CA 95128, USA
[email protected]
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