Methane conversion: proceedings of a symposium on the production of fuels and chemicals from natural gas, Auckland, April 27-30, 1987

759 Pages·1988·8.91 MB·English

by  D. M. Bibby

Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 36
METHANE CONVERSION
Thispage intentionallyleftblank
Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis
Advisory Editors: B. Delmon and J.T. Yates
Vol. 36
METHANE CONVERSION
Proceedings of a Symposium on the Production of Fuels and Chemicals
from Natural Gas, Auckland, April 27-30, 1987
Editors
D.M. Bibby
DSlR Chemistry Division, Private Bag, Petone, New Zealand
C.D. Chang
Mobil Research and Development Corporation, Central Research Laboratory,
P. 0. Box 1025, Princeton, NJ 08540, U.S.A .
R.F. Howe
Chemistry Department, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New
Zealand
and
S. Yurchak
Mobil Research and Development Corporation, Paulsboro Research
Laboratory, Paulsboro, NJ 08066, U.S.A .
- - -
ELSEVl ER Amsterdam Oxford New York Tokyo 1988
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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Methane conversion proceedings of a symposium on the production of
fuels and chemicals from naturai gas. Auckland, April 27-30. 1987
editors. D.M. Bibby ... [et ai.1.
p. cm. -- (Studies in surface science and catalysis . 36)
InCludeS index.
ISBN 0-444-42935-2 (U.S.) fl 300.00 cest.)
1. Synthetic fuels--Congresses. 2. Gas. Natural--Congresses
I. Bibby. C. M. (David M.) 11. International Symposiufr on Methane
Conversion (1987 Univepsity of Aucklano) 111. Series.
TP360.M47 1988
665.7 3--dC19 87-34762
CIP
ISBN 0-444-42935-2 (Vol. 36)
ISBN 0-444-4 180 1-6 (Series)
0 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1988
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V
CONTENTS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreword XI
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Organizing and Scientific Committee XI11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial Support XITI
METHANE CONVERSION VIA METHANOL
. . . . . . . . . . .
The New Zealand gas-to-gasoline project (C.J. Maiden) 1
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Fifty years of research in catalysis (S.L. Meisel) 17
The steam reforming of natural gas: problems and some solutions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(D.L. Trimm) 39
The mechanism of the dissociation of methane on a nickel catalyst
. . . . .
(S.T. Ceyer, Q.Y. Yang, M.B. Lee, J.D. Beckerle and A.D. Johnson) 51
Methane reforming by carbon dioxide and steam over supported Pd, Pt, and Rh
catalysts (M. Masai, H. Kado, A. Miyake, S. Nishiyama and S. Tsuruya) . . . 67
Syngas for C1-chemistry. Limits of the steam reforming process
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(J. Rostrup-Nielsen) 73
The optimal reaction assemblage in the steam reforming of methane to
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
produce syngas (Z. Renjun) 79
The influence of the support on the effective order of the steam reforming
. . . . .
reaction (A.S. Al-Ubaid, S.S.E.H. Elnashaie and H.E.E. Abbashar) 83
Steam reforming: kinetics, catalyst deactivation and reactor design
. . . . . . . . . . .
(S.S.E.H. Elnashaie, A.S. Al-Ubaid and M.A. Soliman) 89
-
Catalytic processes for methanol synthesis established and future
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(M.S. Wainwright) 95
Mechanism of methanol and higher oxygenate synthesis (K. Klier,
R.G. Herman, J.C.. Nunan, K.J. Smith, C.E. Bogdan, C.-W. Young and
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J.G. Santiesteban) 109
. . . . . . .
Mechanism of hydrocarbon formation from methanol (C.D. Chang) 127
VI
. . . .
Isotopic and mechanistic studies of methanol conversion (T. Mole) , 145
Methanol to gasoline: spectroscopic studies of chemistry and catalyst
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(R.F. Howe) 157
A re-examination of evidence for carbene (CH2:) as an intermediate in the
conversion of methanol to gasoline. The effect of added propane (D.V. Dass,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R.W. Martin, A.L. Ode11 and G.W. Quinn) 177
Hydrocarbon formation from methanol using W03/A1203 and zeolite ZSM-5
catalyst: a mechanistic study (G.J. Hutchings, R. Hunter, W. Pick1 and
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
L. Jansen van Rensburg) 183
On the mechanism of hydrocarbon formation from methanol over protonated
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
zeolites (S. Kolboe) ; 189
Formation of p-xylene from methanol over H-ZSM-5 (E. Unneberg and
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S. Kolboe) 195
Further studies on the process of methanol conversion to olefins (G. Chen,
J. Liang, Q. Wang, G. Cai, S. Zhao, H. Li et al.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Reactions of methanol and toluene over molybdenum zeolites (M.M. Huang and
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R.F. Howe) 207
The selectivity of catalysts composed of V205 supported on Zr02-Y203 mixed
oxides for methanol oxidation (J.G. van Ommen, P.J. Gellings and
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0.R.H. ROSS) 213
Active species and mechanism for mixed alcohol synthesis over silica-
supported molybdenum catalysts (T. Tatsumi , A. Muramatsu, K. Yokota and
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
H. Tominaga) 219
Alcohols from methane (H. Dotsch, C.B. von der Decken, H. Fedders and
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. Hijhlein) 229
Improvements to Raney copper methanol synthesis catalysts through zinc
impregnation. 111. Activity testing (H.E. Curry-Hyde, M.S. Wainwright and
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D.J. Young). 239
Methanol carbonylation to acetic acid with supported metal catalyst
. . . . . . .
(K. Omata, K. Fujimoto, H. Yagita, H. Mazaki and H. Tominaga) 245
VII
Development of Mobil's fixed-bed methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) process
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(S. Yurchak) 251
Conversion of methanol to liquid fuels by the fluid bed Mobil process (a
. . . . .
commercial concept) (H.R. Grimmer, N. Thiagarajan and E. Nitschke) 273
Topsfie integrated gasoline synthesis - the TIGAS process
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(J. Topp-Jdrgensen) 293
. . . . . . . . .
Gasoline and distillate fuels from methanol (A.A. Avidan) 307
Synthetic gasoline components suitable for chemical feedstocks
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(I.J. Miller) 325
ALTERNATIVE ROUTES TO METHANE CONVERSION
Feasibility of ethylene synthesis via oxidative coupling of methane
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(M.M. Bhasin) 343
Direct conversion of methane to methanol and higher hydrocarbons
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(J.H. Lunsford) 359
Oxidative coup1 ing of methane over promoted magnesium oxide catalysts;
relation between activity and specific surface area (E. Iwamatsu,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
T. Moriyama, N. Takasaki and K. Aika) 373
Synthesis of C2H4 by partial oxidation of CH4 over transition metal oxides
. . . . . . . .
with alkali-chlorides (K. Otsuka, M. Hatano and T. Komatsu) 383
Catalytic oxidation of methane over A1P04-5 and metal-doped A1P04-5
. . . . . .
(J.L. Garnett, E.M. Kennedy, M.A. Long, C. Than and A.J. Watson) 389
The production of liquid fuels via the catalytic oxidative coupling of
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
methane (J.H. Edwards and R.J. Tyler) 395
Selective oxidative coupling of methane to ethane and ethylene (K. Asami,
S. Hashimoto, K. Fujimoto and H. Tominaga) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 3
Oxidative dehydrogenation of methane to form higher hydrocarbons
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. (F.P. Larkins and M.R. Nordin) 409
Effect of O3 versus O2 as oxidants for methane (G.J. Hutchinqs,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M.S. Scurrell and J.R. Woodhouse) 415
VIII
The oligomerization of olefins derived from partial methane oxidation
. . . . . . . . . . .
(V.W.L. Chin, A.F. Masters, M. Vender and R.J. Tyler) 421
The oxidative coupling of methane: catalyst requirements and process
conditions (J.A. Roos, S.J. Korf, A.G. Bakker, N.A. de Bruijn,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J.G. van Ommen and J.R.H. ROSS) 427
Coupling of methane and ethylene over sulphate-treated zirconia
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(M.S. Scurrell and M. Cooks) 433
Engineering aspects of alternative routes for the conversion of natural
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
gas (P.J. Jackson and N. White) 439
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Sasol route to chemicals and fuels (M.E. Dry) 447
.
Mechanism of the Fischer-Tropsch process (H. Schulz, K. Beck and E. Erich) 457
The Shell middle distillate synthesis process (f1.J. van der Burgt,
. . . . . . . .
C.J. van Leeuwen, J.J. del'Amico, S.T. Sie and I. ?laxwell) 473
Direct conversion of methane to 1i quid hydrocarbons through chlorocarbon
. . . . . . . . .
intermediates (C.E. Taylor, R.P. Noceti and R.R. Schehl) 483
Methane conversion via methyl chloride: condensation of methyl chloride to
. . . .
light hydrocarbons (K.-3. Jens, S. Halvorsen and E. Baumann Ofstad) 491
.
Synthesis gas to motor fuel via light alkenes (B.G. Baker and N.J. Clark) 497
. .
Hydrogenation of CO over molybdenum-zeolites (Y.-S. Yong and R.F. Howe) 503
Role of supports for cobal t-based catalysts used in Fischer-Tropsch
synthesis of hydrocarbons (G.M. Roe, M.J. Ridd, K.J. Cavell and
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F.P. Larkins) 509
Liquid phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis using ultrafine particles of iron
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
as catalyst (E. Kikuchi and H. Itoh) 517
Oligomerization of lower olefins to octane enhancers and distillate range
.
olefins by nickel based homogeneous and supported catalysts (K.J. Cavell) 523
Light olefins from synthesis gas using ruthenium on rare earth oxide
. . . . . . . . . .
catalysts (L. Bruce, S. Hardin, M. Hoang and T. Turney) 529
IX
ZEOLITES AND OTHER CATALYSTS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Micropores in crystals (R.M. Barrer) 537
Aluminophosphates as possible alternatives to zeolites (N.B. Milestone and
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N.J. Tapp) 553
The conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons and the oxidation of methane on
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
heteropoly oxometalates (J.B. Moffat) 563
Investigation of acidic properties of H-zeolites as a function of Si/A1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ratio (K Segawa. M Sakaguchi and Y Kurusu) 579
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sorption of acetic acid on H'ZSM-5 (L.M. Parker) 589
Impedance and infrared spectroscopy of the zeolite ZSM-5 (J.L. Tallon.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J.F. Clare and R.G. Buckley) 597
The chemistry and catalytic properties of transition metal oxyanions in
. . . . . . . .
sodalite cages (L.M. Moroney. S Shanmugam and A.G. Langdon) 603
Raman spectra of occluded cations in ZSM-5 (J.R. Bartlett. R.P. Cooney
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
and D.M. Bibby) 609
. . . . . . .
Olefin reactions over Mo-mordenite (J.R. Johns and R.F. Howe) 615
. . . . . . .
Propene oligomerization over H-ZSM-5 zeolite (K.G. Wilshier) 621
.
Cracking of some long chain hydrocarbons on HZSM-5 zeolites (Z Yulong.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0 Guangyao and Z Zhij 627
Regeneration of coke deactivated ZSM-5 by air/oxygen (G.D. McLellan.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R.F. Howe and D.M. Bibby) 633
Quantitative thermal desorption/mass spectrometry of A1 PO4-11 precursors
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(N.J. Tapp and N.B. Milestone) 639
COMMERCIALISATION OF THE GAS-TO-GASOLINE PROCESS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advances in methanol technology (J.D. Korchnak) 647
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
From molecules to concrete and steel (J.Z. Bem) 663
The first fixed-bed methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) plant: design and scale-up
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
considerations (D.E. Krohn and M.G. Melconian) 679