Methadone Maintenance Treatment in India

18 Pages·2013·1.36 MB·English

Methadone Maintenance Treatment
iinn IInnddiiaa-- aann oovveerrvviieeww
UNODC Regional Office for South Asia
UNODC mandated by Drug Conventions
Common objectives:
• Convention on Narcotic
•
Provide legal foundation for
Drugs (1961)
action in drug control
•
Ensure that drug
•• CCoonnvveennttiioonn oonn PPssyycchhoottrrooppiicc pprroodduuccttiioonn,, ddiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd
consumption is limited to &
Substances (1971)
available for medical and
scientific purposes
•
Prevent diversion to illicit
• Convention against the Illicit
channels
Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and
Psychotropic Substances
(1988)
UNODC Strategy
Health at the centre of the drug control system
Drug use scenario
GGlloobbaall aanndd RReeggiioonnaall ttrreennddss
Global trends (2011)
• Between 167 and 315
million people used an
illicit substance in last
one year
• While, cocaine, ATS and
“ecstasy” appears to be
declining cannabis and
opioids have gone up
World Drug Report, 2013
Health consequence
• Globally, about 14.0 million people injected
drugs (2011)
• Among them 1.6 million lived with HIV
•• GGlloobbaall pprreevvaalleennccee aammoonngg IIDDUUss ::
– HIV -11.5%
– Hepatitis C- 46.7%
• Illicit drug related deaths:
– 2,11,000
– 50% deaths due to fatal overdose
World Drug Report, 2013
Estimated IDU population
MALDIVES
HIV prevalence among IDUs
690
0
South Asia
at a glance
South Asia – Trends
• Use of preacription drugs is a major concern (India,
Bangladesh)
• Switch from non-injecting to injecting route is common, with
aatttteennddaanntt HHIIVV && HHeeppaattiittiiss CC
(cid:1)
• Low treatment quality coverage and access
(cid:1)
• Denial and stigmatization legal and policy barriers
UUNNOODDCC rreessppoonnssee
Comprehensive package of services:
– Needle and syringe programmes (NSPs)
– Opioid substitution therapy (OST)
– HIV testing and counselling (T&C)
– Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
– Prevention and treatment of sexually
ttrraannssmmiitttteedd iinnffeeccttiioonnss ((SSTTIIss))
– Condom programmes
– Targeted information, education and
communication (IEC)
– Vaccination, diagnosis and treatment of viral
hepatitis
– Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of
tuberculosis (TB)
WHO, UNODC, UNAIDS Technical Guide