Table Of ContentMetal Oxide-Based Photocatalysis
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Metal Oxides Series
Metal Oxide-Based
Photocatalysis
Fundamentals and Prospects
for Application
Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
Series Editor
Ghenadii Korotcenkov
Elsevier
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Contents
List of contributors ix
1 Introduction 1
Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
1.1 Introduction 1
2 Fundamentals ofmetaloxide-based photocatalysis 3
Anna Goła˛biewska, Kobylan(cid:1)ski Marek P., AdrianaZaleska-Medynska
2.1 Principles ofmetal oxide-based photocatalysis 3
2.2 Requirements ofmetal oxides 23
2.3 Role of noble metals inphotocatalysis 34
References 38
Further reading 49
3 Metal oxide photocatalysts 51
Ewelina Grabowska, Martyna Marchelek, MartaPaszkiewicz-Gawron,
Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
3.1 Synthesisof metal oxides used in photocatalysis 51
3.2 Unitary metal oxides (advantages, disadvantages, achievements) 65
3.3 Nanostructured MeIOx/MeIIOx heterojunctionphotocatalysts 123
3.4 Metal/MeOx photocatalysts 140
3.5 Composite-based photocatalysts 150
3.6 Outlook 155
References 157
Further reading 209
4 Application ofmetal oxide-based photocatalysis 211
Bajorowicz Beata, Kobylan(cid:1)ski Marek P., Malankowska Anna,
Mazierski Paweł, Nadolna Joanna, Pieczyn(cid:1)ska Aleksandra,
Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
4.1 Water treatment 211
4.1.1 Types ofcontamination 212
4.1.2 Photocatalyst immobilization 213
4.1.3 Photocatalytic reactors 214
4.1.4 Effect of reaction parameterson the photocatalyticprocess 216
4.1.5 Scale-up process and prospects 220
References 220
vi Contents
Further reading 222
4.2 Hydrogen production 223
4.2.1 Basic principle ofphotocatalytichydrogen generationby water
splitting 223
4.2.2 Strategies for achieving photocatalyticwater splitting 224
4.2.3 Brief overview of metal oxide semiconductors in photocatalytic
water splitting 225
4.2.4 Chemicaladditives for H andO production enhancement 226
2 2
4.2.5 Metal oxide co-catalysts for photocatalytic water splitting 227
4.2.6 Evaluation of photocatalytic water splitting 228
4.2.7 Photoreactor design 229
4.2.8 Conclusions andprospects 232
References 233
Further reading 237
4.3 Air depollution and volatile organic compound (VOC)
removal usingdifferent photocatalysts 237
4.3.1 The mechanism ofpollutant photo-oxidation 239
4.3.2 Photodisinfectionofpathogens 243
4.3.3 Factors thatimpact the photocatalytic oxidation process 244
4.3.4 Immobilization techniques 245
4.3.5 Photoreactor design for photocatalyticair purification 246
4.3.6 Conclusions andfuture prospects 248
References 248
4.4 Hydrocarbongeneration (CO reduction) 252
2
4.4.1 Fundamental aspects for photocatalytic reduction of CO 252
2
4.4.2 Photocatalyst design for photocatalytic CO reduction 256
2
4.4.3 Important factors for photocatalytic reduction of CO 258
2
4.4.4 Photoreactors for CO reduction 259
2
4.4.5 Conclusions andprospects 261
References 262
4.5 Photochemical transformationof specific compounds 265
4.5.1 Types ofphotocatalysts 267
4.5.2 Role of externalconditions 270
4.5.3 Synthesis oforganic compounds 272
4.5.4 Reactors for phototransformation 274
4.5.5 Scaling-upprocess and prospects 275
References 276
4.6 Medical applications: Application in photodynamic therapy 279
4.6.1 Phocatalysts 280
4.6.2 Light penetration 283
4.6.3 Conclusions andperspectives 284
References 285
4.7 Applications inconstruction, buildingmaterials, and textiles 287
4.7.1 Introduction 287
Contents vii
4.7.2 Superhydrophilicity mechanism 288
4.7.3 Exteriorconstruction materials 290
4.7.4 Interior constructionmaterials 293
4.7.5 New applications 294
4.7.6 Perspectives, problems, and limitations 295
References 296
Further reading 297
4.8 Photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) for energy generation 297
4.8.1 Photoelectrocatalysts for solar energy conversion 297
4.8.2 PEC hydrogen generation 309
4.8.3 Conclusions andprospects 312
References 312
Further reading 319
4.9 Integrationand coupling ofheterogeneous photocatalysis
with otheradvancedoxidation processes 319
4.9.1 Photocatalytic ozonation 320
4.9.2 Photoelectrocatalysis 325
4.9.3 Heterogeneous photo-Fenton andphotoelectro-Fenton methods 327
4.9.4 Sonophotocatalysis 332
4.9.5 Conclusions andprospects 334
References 335
Further reading 340
5 Outlook and prospects 341
Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
Index 345
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List of contributors
Pieczyn(cid:1)ska Aleksandra UniversityofGdansk, Gdansk, Poland
Malankowska Anna University ofGdansk,Gdansk,Poland
Bajorowicz Beata University ofGdansk,Gdansk, Poland
Anna Goła˛biewska Universityof Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
EwelinaGrabowska Universityof Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
Nadolna Joanna Universityof Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
Martyna Marchelek Universityof Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
Kobylan(cid:1)ski Marek P. UniversityofGdansk, Gdansk, Poland
MartaPaszkiewicz-GawronUniversity ofGdansk,Gdansk,Poland
Mazierski Paweł University ofGdansk,Gdansk,Poland
AdrianaZaleska-Medynska Universityof Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
