Memmler's Structure and Function of the Human Body, 10th Edition

538 Pages·2013·182.1 MB·English

by  Cohen

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Jason James Taylor
Instructor
Department of Nursing
Red River College
Winnipeg, Manatoba, Canada
Barbara Janson Cohen
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Executive Editor: David Troy
Senior Product Manager: Eve Malakoff-Klein
Designer: Terry Mallon
Artist: Christine Vernon/Hearthside and Dragonfl y Media Group
Cover Art: Imagineering
Compositor: SPi Global
Printer: C&C Offset Printing
10th Edition
Copyright © 2013, 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business.
351 West Camden Street Two Commerce Square
Baltimore, MD 21201 2001 Market Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Printed in China
All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
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Philadelphia, PA 19103, via e-mail at [email protected], or via Web site at lww.com (products and services).
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Taylor, Jason J.
Memmler’s structure and function of the human body. — 10th ed. / Jason James Taylor, Barbara Janson Cohen.
p. ; cm.
Structure and function of the human body
Rev. ed. of: Memmler’s structure and function of the human body / Barbara Cohen. 9th ed. c2009.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-60913-900-1
I. Memmler, Ruth Lundeen. II. Cohen, Barbara J. Memmler’s structure and function of the human body. III. Title. IV. Title: Structure
and function of the human body.
[DNLM: 1. Anatomy. 2. Physiology. QS 4]
612—dc23
2011053417
Care has been taken to confi rm the accuracy of the information present and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors,
editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book
and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication.
Application of this information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner; the clinical treatments
described and recommended may not be considered absolute and universal recommendations.
The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in
accordance with the current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in
government regulations, and the constant fl ow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check
the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly
important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug.
Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in
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Preface
M
emmler’s Structure and Function of the Human Body Organization and
is a textbook for introductory-level health professions
Structure
and nursing students who need a basic understanding of
anatomy and physiology, and the interrelationships between
structure and function. Like previous editions, the 10th edition uses a body systems
Like preceding editions, the 10th edition remains true approach to the study of the normal human body. The book
to Ruth Memmler’s original vision. The features and con- is divided into six units, grouping related information and
tent specifi cally meet the needs of those who may be start- body systems together as follows:
ing their health career preparation with little or no science
■ Unit I, The Body as a Whole (Chapters 1–5), focuses
background. This book’s primary goals are:
on the body’s organization; basic chemistry needed to
■ To provide the essential knowledge of human anatomy, understand body functions; cells and their functions;
and physiology at an ideal level of detail and in lan- tissues, glands, and membranes; and the skin.
guage that is clear and understandable. ■ Unit II, Movement and Support (Chapters 6 and 7),
■ To illustrate the concepts discussed with anatomic art includes the skeletal and muscular systems.
that depicts the appropriate level of detail with accu- ■ Unit III, Coordination and Control (Chapters 8–11),
racy, simplicity, and elegance, and that is integrated focuses on the nervous system, the sensory system, and
seamlessly with the narrative. the endocrine system.
■ To incorporate the most recent scientifi c fi ndings into ■ Unit IV, Circulation and Body Defense (Chapters
the fundamental material on which Ruth Memmler’s 12–15), includes the blood, the heart, blood ves-
classic text is based. sels and circulation, and the lymphatic system and
■ To include pedagogy designed to enhance interest in immunity.
and understanding of the concepts presented. ■ Unit V, Energy: Supply and Use (Chapters 16–19),
■ To teach the basic anatomic and medical terminology includes the respiratory system; the digestive system;
used in healthcare settings, preparing students to func- metabolism, nutrition, and temperature control; and
tion effi ciently in their chosen health career. the urinary system and body fl uids.
■ To present an integrated teaching–learning package ■ Unit VI, Perpetuation of Life (Chapters 20 and 21),
that includes all of the elements necessary for a success- covers the male and female reproductive systems, as
ful learning experience. well as development, birth, and heredity.
This revision is the direct result of in-depth market feed- The main Glossary defi nes the chapters’ boldfaced
back solicited to tell us what instructors and students at this terms. An additional Glossary of Word Parts is a reference
level most need. We listened carefully to the feedback, and tool that not only teaches basic anatomic and physiologic
the results we obtained are integrated into many features of terminology but also helps students learn to recognize unfa-
this book and into the ancillary package accompanying it. miliar terms. Appendices include a variety of supplemen-
The text itself has been revised and updated where needed tary information that students will fi nd useful as they work
to improve organization of the material and to refl ect cur- with the text, including a photographic dissection atlas
rent scientifi c thought. (Appendix 3) and answers to the Chapter Checkpoint ques-
Because visual learning devices are so important to tions and Zooming In illustration questions (Appendix 2)
students at this level, this edition includes a new section, that are found in every chapter.
“The Body Visible,” a series of illustrations and trans-
parent overlays of the major body major systems that are Pedagogic Features
presented in the text. In addition to being a learning tool,
these illustrations provide enrichment and are a valuable Every chapter contains pedagogy that has been designed
general reference. with the health professions and nursing student in mind.
The 10th edition retains its extensive art program with
updated versions of fi gures from previous editions. These ■ Learning Outcomes: Chapter objectives at the start of
features appear in a modifi ed design that makes the content every chapter help the student organize and prioritize
more user-friendly and accessible than ever. Our innova- learning.
tive PASSport to Success® ancillary package helps students ■ Ancillaries At-A-Glance: Learning Tools, Learning
match their learning styles to a wealth of resources, while Resources, and Learning Activites are highlighted in a
the comprehensive package of instructor resources provides one-stop overview of the supplemental materials avail-
instructors with maximum fl exibility and effi ciency. able for the chapter.
v
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vi Preface
■ A&P in Action: Familiar scenarios transport chapter quickly fi nd their place after stopping to look at an
content into a real-life setting, bringing the information illustration or table.
to life for students and, through a discussion of the dis-
■ Word Anatomy: This chart defi nes and illustrates the
ease process, helping them to better understand normal
various word parts that appear in terms within the
anatomy and physiology.
chapter. The prefi xes, roots, and suffi xes presented are
■ A Look Back: With the exception of Chapter 1, each grouped according to chapter headings so that students
chapter starts with a brief review of how its content can fi nd the relevant text. This learning tool helps stu-
relates to prior chapters. dents build vocabulary and promotes understanding of
even unfamiliar terms based on a knowledge of com-
■ Chapter Checkpoints: Brief questions at the end of main
mon word parts.
sections test and reinforce the student’s recall of key
information in that section. Answers are in Appendix 2. ■ Chapter Wrap-Up (NEW to this edition): A graphic
outline at the end of each chapter provides a concise
■ Key Points (NEW to this edition): Critical information
overview of chapter content, aiding in study and test
highlighted in fi gure legends spotlights essential aspects
preparation.
of the illustrations.
■ Key Terms: Selected boldface terms throughout the
■ “Zooming In” questions: Questions in the fi gure legends
text are listed at each chapter’s end and defi ned in the
test and reinforce student understanding of concepts
book’s glossary.
depicted in the illustration. Answers are in Appendix 2.
■ Questions for Study and Review: Study questions are
■ Phonetic pronunciations: Easy-to-learn phonetic pro-
organized hierarchically into three levels. (Note that
nunciations are spelled out in the narrative, appearing
answers appear in the Instructor’s Manual as well as on
in parentheses directly following many terms—no need
the instructor resource Web site):
for students to understand dictionary-style diacritical
marks. (See the “Guide to Pronunciation” below.) > Building Understanding: Includes fi ll-in-the-blank,
matching, and multiple choice questions that test
■ Special interest boxes: Each chapter contains three special
factual recall.
interest boxes focusing on topics that augment chapter
> Understanding Concepts: Includes short-answer
content. The book includes fi ve kinds of boxes altogether:
questions (defi ne, describe, compare/contrast) that
> A&P in Action Revisited: Traces the outcome of the
test and reinforce understanding of concepts.
real-life scenario that opens each chapter and shows
> Conceptual Thinking: Includes short-essay questions
how the cases relate to material in the chapter and to
that promote critical thinking skills. New in this edi-
others in the book.
tion are thought questions related to the A&P in
> A Closer Look: Provides additional in-depth scientifi c
Action case stories.
detail on topics in or related to the text.
> Clinical Perspective: Focuses on diseases and disor-
PASSport to Success® for
ders relevant to the chapter, exploring what happens
to the body when the normal structure–function rela-
Students
tionship breaks down.
> Hot Topic: Focuses on current trends and research,
reinforcing the link between anatomy and physiology
and related news coverage that students may have seen.
> Health Maintenance: Offers supplementary informa- Look for this icon throughout the book for
pertinent supplementary material on the com-
tion on health and wellness issues.
panion Web site and student resource DVD
■ Figures: The art program includes full-color anatomic line
art, some new or revised, with a level of detail that matches
The PASSport to Success® is a practical system that lets
that of the narrative. Photomicrographs, radiographs, and
students learn faster, remember more, and achieve success.
other scans give students a preview of what they might see
Students discover their unique learning styles—visual, audi-
in real-world healthcare settings. Supplementary fi gures
tory, or kinesthetic—with a simple online assessment, then
are available on the companion Web site as well as on the
choose from a wealth of resources for each learning style,
Student DVD included with this text.
including animations, a pre-quiz, and 10 different types
■ Tables: The numerous tables in this edition summa-
of online learning activities; an audio glossary; and other
rize key concepts and information in an easy-to-review
supplemental materials such as health professions career
form. Additional summary tables are available on the
information, additional charts and images, answers to the
companion Web site as well as on the Student DVD
“Questions for Study and Review” from the text, and study
included with this text.
and test-taking tips and resources. Throughout the text-
■ Color fi gure and table callouts: Figure and table num- book, the graphic icon shown above alerts students to per-
bers appear in color in the narrative, helping students tinent supplementary material.
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Preface vii
The PASSport to Success® is available on the DVD bound Instructors also have access to all student ancillary
into this textbook as well as on the book’s companion Web site assets, including the PASSport to Success®, via thePoint
at http://thePoint.lww.com/MemmlerStructureFunction10e. Web site.
On the companion Web site, students can also access the
fully searchable online version of the text. See the inside
front cover of this text for the passcode you will need to Guide to Pronunciation
gain access to the Web site, and see pages ix–xvii for details
about the PASSport to Success® and a complete listing of
The stressed syllable in each word is shown with capital
student resources.
letters. The vowel pronunciations are as follows:
Any vowel at the end of a syllable is given a long sound,
as follows:
Instructor Ancillary
a as in say
Package
e as in be
i as in nice
All instructor resources are available to approved adopting o as in go
instructors and can be accessed online at http://thePoint. u as in true
lww.com/MemmlerStructureFunction10e:
A vowel followed by a consonant and the letter e (as in
■ Instructor’s Manual is available in print format as well rate) also is given a long pronunciation.
as online as a PDF. Any vowel followed by a consonant receives a short
■ Using the PASSport to Success® in Your Course provides pronunciation, as follows:
practical tips for integrating this innovative approach.
a as in absent
■ Brownstone Test Generator allows you to create cus- e as in end
tomized exams from a bank of questions. i as in bin
o as in not
■ PowerPoint Presentations include multiple choice and
u as in up
true/false questions for use with Student Response
System technology.
■ Image Bank includes labels-on and labels-off options.
Summary
■ Supplemental Image Bank with additional images can
be used to enhance class presentations.
The 10th edition of Memmler’s Structure and Function of
■ Lesson Plans are organized around the learning objec- the Human Body builds on the successes of the previous
tives and include lecture notes, in-class activities, and nine editions by offering clear, concise narrative into which
assignments, including student activities from the accurate, aesthetically pleasing anatomic art has been
PASSport to Success®. woven. We have made every effort to respond thoughtfully
and thoroughly to reviewers’ and instructors’ comments,
■ Answers to “Questions for Study and Review” provide
offering the ideal level of detail for students preparing for a
responses to the quiz material found at the end of each
career in the health professions and nursing and the peda-
chapter in the textbook.
gogic features that best support them. With the PASSport
■ Strategies for Effective Teaching provide sound, tried-
to Success®, we have provided students with an integrated
and-true advice for successful instruction.
system for understanding and using their unique learning
■ WebCT/Blackboard/Angel Cartridge allows easy inte- styles—and ultimately succeeding in the course. We hope
gration of the ancillary materials into learning manage- you will agree that the 10th edition of Memmler’s suits
ment systems. your educational needs.
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