Table Of Content13
th
edition
M E M M L E R’S
HUMAN BODY
The
Health
in
Disease
and
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13
th
edition
M E M M L E R’S
HUMAN BODY
The
Health
in
Disease
and
Barbara Janson Cohen • Kerry L. Hull
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13th edition
Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business. All rights
reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any
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as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright.
To request permission, please contact Wolters Kluwer Health at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street,
Philadelphia, PA 19103, via email at [email protected], or via our website at lww.com (products and
services).
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in China
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cohen, Barbara J., author.
Memmler's the human body in health and disease. — 13th edition / Barbara Janson Cohen, Kerry L. Hull.
p. ; cm.
Human body in health and disease
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4511-9280-3 (alk. paper)
I. Hull, Kerry L., author. II. Title. III. Title: Human body in health and disease.
[DNLM: 1. Physiological Phenomena. 2. Anatomy. 3. Pathology. QT 104]
QP34.5
612—dc23
2014021555
Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted
practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any
consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied,
with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of this
information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner; the clinical
treatments described and recommended may not be considered absolute and universal recommendations.
The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set
forth in this text are in accordance with the current recommendations and practice at the time of publication.
However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information
relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for
any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important
when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug.
Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clear-
ance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain
the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in his or her clinical practice.
LWW.com
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u Reviewers
We gratefully acknowledge the generous contributions of the reviewers whose names appear in the
list that follows.
Beatrice Avila, BS Michael Hawkes, MEd, RT (R) (ARRT) Maryagnes Luczak, BS, MA
Instructor Program Director Training Director
Palo Alto College Pima Medical Institute – Mesa Campus Career Training Academy
San Antonio, Texas Mesa, Arizona Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Christi Blair, MSN, RN Camille Humphreys, BS Patty Bostwick Taylor, Masters
Faculty Program Director Instructor
Holmes Community College AmeriTech College Florence Darlington Technical College
Goodman, Mississippi Provo, Utah Florence, South Carolina
Ernema Boettner, RN, BSN Joshua Kramer, MBA Robyn Wilhelm, PT, DPT
Instructor Program Director Assistant Professor
Northwest Technical School Arizona College A.T. Still University – Mesa Campus
Maryville, Missouri Mesa, Arizona Mesa, Arizona
Beth Gagnon, MSN Constance Lieseke, AAS
Nursing Instructor Faculty and Program Coordinator
Wayne County Schools Career Center Olympic College
Barberton, Ohio Port Orchard, Washington
v
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u Preface
Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease is instructor resources provides instructors with maximum
a textbook for introductory-level health professions flexibility and efficiency. The online Instructor’s Manual
and nursing students who need a basic understanding of describes all of the updates in this new edition and presents
anatomy and physiology, the interrelationships between teaching and learning strategies for traditional classrooms,
structure and function, and the effects of disease on body flipped classrooms, and online courses.
systems.
Like preceding editions, the 13th edition remains true to
Ruth Memmler’s original vision. The features and content Organization and Structure
specifically meet the needs of those who may be starting
Like previous editions, this 13th edition uses a body sys-
their health career preparation with little or no science
tems approach to the study of the normal human body and
background. This book’s primary goals are
the effects of disease. The book is divided into seven units,
To provide the essential knowledge of human anatomy, grouping related information and body systems together as
physiology, and the effects of disease at an ideal level of follows:
detail and in language that is clear and understandable
Unit I, The Body as a Whole (Chapters 1–4), focuses
To illustrate the concepts discussed with anatomic art
on the body’s organization, basic chemistry needed to
of appropriate detail with accuracy, simplicity, and style
understand body functions, cells and their functions, and
that is integrated seamlessly with the narrative
tissues, glands, and membranes.
To incorporate the most recent scientific findings into the
Unit II, Disease and the First Line of Defense (Chapters 5
fundamental material on which Ruth Memmler’s classic
and 6), presents information on disease, organisms that
text is based
produce disease, and the integumentary system, which is
To include pedagogy designed to enhance interest in and the body’s first line of defense against injury and disease.
understanding of the concepts presented
Unit III, Movement and Support (Chapters 7 and 8),
To teach the basic anatomic and medical terminology includes the skeletal and muscular systems.
used in healthcare settings, preparing students to
Unit IV, Coordination and Control (Chapters 9–12),
function efficiently in their chosen health careers
focuses on the nervous system, the sensory system, and
To present an integrated teaching–learning package that the endocrine system.
includes all of the elements necessary for a successful
Unit V, Circulation and Body Defense (Chapters 13–17),
learning experience
includes the blood, the heart and heart disease, blood
This revision is the direct result of in-depth market feedback vessels and circulation, the lymphatic system, and the
solicited to tell us what instructors and students at this level immune system.
most need. We listened carefully to the feedback, and the
Unit VI, Energy: Supply and Use (Chapters 18–22),
results we obtained are integrated into many features of this includes the respiratory system; the digestive system;
book and into the ancillary package accompanying it. The metabolism, nutrition, and temperature control; body
text itself has been revised and updated where needed to fluids; and the urinary system.
improve organization of the material and to reflect current
Unit VII, Perpetuation of Life (Chapters 23–25), covers
scientific thought.
the male and female reproductive systems, development
Because visual learning devices are so important to students,
and birth, and heredity and hereditary diseases.
this new edition continues to include “The Body Visible,” a
series of illustrations with labeled transparent overlays of the The main Glossary defines all the chapters’ key terms and
major body systems described in the text. In addition to being many additional terms emphasized in the text. An addi-
a learning and testing tool, these illustrations provide enrich- tional Glossary of Word Parts is a reference tool that not
ment and are a valuable general reference. only teaches basic medical and anatomic terminology but
The 13th edition retains its extensive art program also helps students learn to recognize unfamiliar terms.
with updated versions of figures from previous editions Appendices include a variety of supplementary information
and many new figures. These features appear in a modi- that students will find useful as they work with the text,
fied design that makes the content more user-friendly and including a photographic Dissection Atlas (Appendix 5)
accessible than ever. Our innovative ancillary package on and answers to the Chapter Checkpoint questions and
thePoint helps students match their learning styles to a Zooming In illustration questions (Appendix 4) that are
wealth of resources, while the comprehensive package of found in every chapter.
vi
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Preface vii
Pedagogic Features that matches that of the narrative. Photomicrographs,
radiographs, and other scans give students a preview of
Every chapter contains pedagogy that has been designed what they might see in real-world healthcare settings.
with the health professions and nursing student in mind. Supplementary figures are available on the companion
website on thePoint.
Learning Objectives: Chapter objectives at the start of
Tables: The numerous tables in this edition summarize
every chapter help the student organize and prioritize
key concepts and information in an easy-to-review form.
learning.
Additional summary tables are available on the compan-
Ancillaries At-A-Glance: Learning Tools, Learning ion website on thePoint.
Resources, and Learning Activities are highlighted in a
Color figure and table callouts: Figure and table num-
one-stop overview of the supplemental materials avail-
bers appear in color in the narrative, helping students
able for the chapter.
quickly find their place after stopping to look at an illus-
Disease in Context: Familiar scenarios transport chapter tration or table.
content into a real-life setting, bringing the information
Word Anatomy: This chart defines and illustrates the var-
to life for students and showing how disease may affect
ious word parts that appear in terms within the chapter.
the body’s state of internal balance.
The prefixes, roots, and suffixes presented are grouped
A Look Back: With the exception of Chapter 1, each according to chapter headings so that students can find
chapter starts with a brief review of how its content the relevant text. This learning tool helps students build
relates to prior chapters. vocabulary and promotes understanding even of unfamil-
iar terms based on a knowledge of common word parts.
Chapter Checkpoints: Brief questions at the end of main
sections test and reinforce the student’s recall of key
Chapter Wrap-Up: A graphic outline at the end of each
information in that section. Answers are in Appendix 4. chapter provides a concise overview of chapter content,
aiding in study and test preparation.
Key Points: Critical information in figure legends spot-
lights essential aspects of the illustrations.
Key Terms: Selected boldface terms throughout the text
are listed at each chapter’s end and defined in the book’s
“Zooming In” questions: Questions in the figure legends
glossary.
test and reinforce student understanding of concepts
depicted in the illustration. Answers are in Appendix 4.
Questions for Study and Review: Study questions are
organized hierarchically into three levels. (Note that
Phonetic pronunciations: Easy-to-learn phonetic pro-
answers appear in the online Instructor’s Manual as
nunciations are spelled out in the narrative, appearing in
well as on the instructor resource website.) New in this
parentheses directly following many terms—no need for
edition, the section includes questions that direct stu-
students to understand dictionary-style diacritical marks
dents to “The Body Visible” and the various appendi-
(see the “Guide to Pronunciation”).
ces to promote use of these resources. Question levels
Special interest boxes: Each chapter contains special
include the following:
interest boxes focusing on topics that augment chapter
Building Understanding: Includes fill-in-the-blank,
content. The book includes five kinds of boxes altogether:
matching, and multiple choice questions that test
Disease in Context Revisited: Traces the outcome
factual recall
of the medical story that opens each chapter and
Understanding Concepts: Includes short-answer
shows how the cases relate to material in the chapter
questions (define, describe, compare/contrast) that
and to others in the book.
test and reinforce understanding of concepts
A Closer Look: Provides additional in-depth scien-
Conceptual Thinking: Includes short-essay ques-
tific detail on topics in or related to the text.
tions that promote critical thinking skills. Included
Clinical Perspectives: Focuses on diseases and disor-
are thought questions related to the Disease in
ders relevant to the chapter, exploring what happens
Context case stories.
to the body when the normal structure–function
relationship breaks down.
Hot Topics: Focuses on current trends and research, For Students
reinforcing the link between anatomy and physiol-
ogy and related news coverage that students may Look for callouts throughout the chapters for pertinent sup-
have seen. plementary material on the companion website on thePoint.
The companion website on thePoint includes a practi-
Health Maintenance: Offers supplementary infor-
cal system that lets students learn faster, remember more,
mation on health and wellness issues.
and achieve success. Students consider their unique learn-
Figures: The art program includes full-color anatomic ing styles then choose from a wealth of resources for each
line art, many new or revised, with a level of detail learning style, including animations, a pre-quiz, and 10
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viii Preface
different types of online learning activities; an audio glos- Guide to Pronunciation
sary; and other supplemental materials such as health pro-
fessions career information, additional charts and images, The stressed syllable in each word is shown with capital let-
and study and test-taking tips and resources. Throughout ters. The vowel pronunciations are as follows:
the textbook, the graphic icon shown above alerts students Any vowel at the end of a syllable is given a long sound,
to pertinent supplementary material. as follows:
See the inside front cover of this text for the passcode
you will need to gain access to the companion website, and a as in say
see pages xv–xvii for details about the website and a com- e as in be
plete listing of student resources. i as in nice
o as in go
u as in true
Instructor Ancillary Package
A vowel followed by a consonant and the letter e (as in
All instructor resources are available to approved adopting
rate) also is given a long pronunciation.
instructors and can be accessed online at http://thepoint.
Any vowel followed by a consonant receives a short pro-
lww.com/MemmlerHBHD13e
nunciation, as follows:
Instructor’s Manual is available online as a PDF.
a as in absent
Brownstone Test Generator allows you to create custom- e as in end
ized exams from a bank of questions. i as in bin
PowerPoint Presentations use visuals to emphasize the o as in not
key concepts of each chapter. u as in up
Image Bank includes labels-on and labels-off options.
The letter h may be added to a syllable to make vowel
Supplemental Image Bank with additional images can be pronunciation short, as in vanilla (vah-NIL-ah).
used to enhance class presentations.
Lesson Plans are organized around the learning objec-
Summary
tives and include lecture notes, in-class activities, and
assignments, including student activities from the stu-
The 13th edition of Memmler’s The Human Body in Health
dent companion website.
and Disease builds on the successes of the previous 12 edi-
Answers to “Questions for Study and Review” provide tions by offering clear, concise narrative into which accu-
responses to the quiz material found at the end of each rate, aesthetically pleasing anatomic art has been woven.
chapter in the textbook. We have made every effort to respond thoughtfully and
Strategies for Effective Teaching provide sound, tried- thoroughly to reviewers’ and instructors’ comments, offer-
and-true advice for successful instruction in traditional, ing the ideal level of detail for students preparing for careers
flipped, and online learning environments. in the health professions and nursing and the pedagogic
features that best support them. With the online resources,
WebCT/Blackboard/Angel Cartridge allows easy inte-
we have provided students with an integrated system for
gration of the ancillary materials into learning manage-
understanding and using their unique learning styles—and
ment systems.
ultimately succeeding in the course. We hope you will agree
Instructors also have access to all student ancillary assets, that the 13th edition of Memmler’s suits your educational
via thePoint website. needs.
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